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<p><strong>Glutamic acid</strong> (147.13 g/mol) abbreviated as <strong>Glu</strong> or <strong>E</strong>; <strong>Glx</strong> or <strong>Z</strong> represents either glutamic acid or glutamine), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. It is not among the human essential amino acids. Its codons are GAA and GAG. The carboxylate anion of glutamic acid is known as <strong>glutamate</strong>.</p>
<p>As its name indicates, glutamic acid has a carboxylic acid component to its side chain. At typical pH's, the amino group is protonated and one or both of the carboxylic groups will be ionized. At neutral pH all three groups are ionized, and the species has a charge of -1. The pK<sub>a</sub> value for glutamic acid is 4.1, which means that below this pH, the carboxylic acid groups are not ionized in more than half of the molecules.</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Biosynthesis</span></h2>
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