<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-4 Interferon alpha (ILIFN-4&alpha;) . </strong>1516-1927. B cell-stimulating factor &nbsp;Type 1 (BSF-1)interferon, leukocyte interferon, and lymphoblast interferon&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Mast cells, T cells, bone marrow stromal cells&nbsp;Lymphocytes and macrophages</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Promotes growth Induces resistance to viruses and development inhibits cell proliferation. Regulates expression of B and T class ⅠMHC molecules on nucleated cells, and cells of the monocytic lineage. Also affects cells outside the immune system, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts.&nbsp;</td>

<td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-5 Interferon beta (ILIFN-5&beta;) . </strong>4520. Eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF)Type 1 interferon, eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF)fibroblast interferon</td> <td>&nbsp;Mast Fibroblasts and some epithelial cells, T cells, eosinophils&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;Induces eosinophil formation resistance to virus infection in target cells. Inhibits cell proliferation and differentiationregulates expression of class ⅠMHC molecules.&nbsp;</td>

<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-6 Interferon gamma (ILIFN-6&gamma;) . </strong>26Monomer 17.1. Dimer 40. B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-Type 2)interferon, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF)immune interferon, hepatocytemacrophage-stimulating activating factor (HSFMAF), and T cell interferon.</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, several non-lymphoid cells including macrophages, bone marrow stromal NK cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and astrocytes</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Regulate Affects activation, growth, and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and T cell functions; in vivo effects macrophages, as well as NK cells. Upregulates MHC expression on hematopoiesis; inducer antigen-presenting cells. Signature cytokine of the acute phase responseTh1 differentiation. Weak anti-viral amd anti-proliferative activities.&nbsp;</td>

<td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-7 Leukemia inhibitory factor (IL-7LIF) . </strong>20-2845. Pre-BDifferentiation-cell growth inhibiting factor(DIA), lymphopoietindifferentiation-1 retarding factor (LP-1DRF)</td> <td>&nbsp;Bone marrow stromal Many cell types including T cells, thymic stromal cellsof the monocytic lineage, fibroblasts, liver, and spleen cells&nbsp;heart</td> <td>&nbsp;Growth factor for T Major experimental application: keeps cultures of ES cells in undifferentiated state to maintain their proliferation. In vivo, in combination with other cytokines, promotes hematopoiesis, stimulates acute phase response of liver cells, increases bone resorption, and B cell progenitorscauses loss of body fat.</td>

<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-8 Macrophage colony stimulating factor (ILM-8CSF) . </strong>6Disulfide linked homodimer of 45-890. Neutrophil-attractant/activating protein Colony stimulating factor 1 (NAPCSF-1), neutrophil-activating factor (NAF), and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCAP).</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Many cell types including monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytesmonocytes, and nonimmune system cells such as &nbsp;fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and others&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Chemokine that cunctions primarily as a chemo-attractant Growth, differentiation, and activator of neutrophils; also attracts basophils survival factor for macrophage progenitors and some subpopulations of lymphocytes; has angiogenic activity.macrophages</td>

<td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-9 Macrophage inhibition factor (IL-9MIF) . </strong>32-39. P40; T cell growth factor Ⅲ12 monomer is biologically active in multimeric form.</td> <td>&nbsp;IL-2 Small amounts by many cell types; major producers are activated T helper cells, hepatocytes, and perhaps other cell populations&nbsp;types such as monocytes and epithelial cells</td> <td>&nbsp;Stimulates proliferation of T lymphocytes Activates macrophages and erythroid precursorsinhibits their migration.&nbsp;</td>

<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-10 Oncostain M (IL-10OSM) . </strong>3528-4032. Onco M, ONC. Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF)</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Activated subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells&nbsp;and monocytes</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Stimulates or enhances proliferation Many functions, including regulation of the growth and differentiation of B cellsduring hematopoiesis, thymocytesneurogenesis, and mast cells. In co-operation with TGF-&beta;, stimulates IgA synthesis and secretion by human B cells; antagonizes generation of the Th1 subset of helper T cells.osteogenesis</td>

<td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-11 Stem cell factor (IL-11SCF) . </strong>2336. kit ligand (kitL) or steel factor (SLF)</td> <td>&nbsp;Bone &nbsp;marrow stromal cells and IL-1-stimulated fibroblasts&nbsp;, cells of other organs such as brain, kidney, lung, placenta</td> <td>&nbsp;Growth factor for plasmacytomas, megakaryocytes, amd macrophage progenitor cells.&nbspRoles in development of hematopoietic gonadal and pigmental lineages;active in both membrane-biund and secreted forms</td>

<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-12 Thombopoietin (IL-12Tpo) . </strong>Heterodimer containing a p35 subunit of 3060. Megakaryocyte colony-33, p40 subunit of 35-44stimulating factor. NK cells stimulatory factor (NKSF); cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF)</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Macrophages and dendritic cells&nbsp;Liver, kidney, skeletal muscle</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Important Megakaryocyte lineage-specific growth differentiation factor in inducing differentiation of Th1 subset helper T cells. Also induces interferon gamma that regulates platelet production by T cells and NK cells and enhances NK cell activity.&nbsp;</td>

<td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-13 Transforming growth factor beta (ILTGF-13&beta;) . </strong>17~25. Differentiation-inhibiting factor.</td> <td>&nbsp;Activated T cells, mast cells, Many nucleated cell types and NK cells&nbsp;found in platelets</td> <td>&nbsp;Role in Th2 responsesInhibits growth of a number of cell types; upregulates synthesis of IgE affects tissue remodeling, wound repair, develiopment, and suppresses inflammatory responseshematopoiesis. Involved in pathology Exert suppressive effects on the expansion of asthma and some allergic conditionscertain immune-cell populations; switch factor for IgA.&nbsp;</td>

<td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-14 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (ILTNF-14&alpha;) . </strong>6052. Cachetin. High molecular weight B cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF)</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Monocytes, macrophages, other cell types including T cells&nbsp; , and fibroblasts</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Enhances B celss proliferation, inhibits antibody synthesisStronf mediator of inflammatory and immune functions. Known to regulate growth and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types. Cytotoxic for many types of transformed cells.&nbsp;</td>

<td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-15 (IL-15) </strong>14-15</td> <td>&nbsp;Many cell types but primarily dendritic cells and cells of the monocytic&nbsp;lineage&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;Stimulates T cell proliferation and development and activation of NK cells.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-16 (IL-16) </strong>homotetramer 60; monomer ~17. Lymphocyte chemotatic Tumor necrosis factor beta (LCF)</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;T cells &nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Stomulates migration of CD4+ T cells, CD4+ monocytes, and eosinophils. Binding of ILTNF-16 by CD4 inhibits HIV sinfection of CD4+ cells&nbsp;.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-17 (IL-17) </strong>28-31. CTLA-8 (cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen8)</td> <td>&nbsp;Primarily CD4+ T cells&nbsp; </td> <td>&nbsp;Supports hematopiesis indirectly by stimulating cytokine production by epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic stromal cells. Enhances expression of ICAM-1, thus making cells more adhesive.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbspbeta;Interleukin-18 (IL-18) </strong>18.2, Interferon gamma-inducing factor (IGIF)</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Cells of the monocytic lineage and dendritic cells&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Promotes differentiation of Th1 subset of helper T cells. Induces interferon gamma production of T cells and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-19 (IL-19) </strong>Homotetramer 35-40</td> <td>&nbsp;LPS-stimulated monocytes; other sources also likely&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;Newly discovered member of the IL-10 family of cytokines25. Activity under investigation.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-20 Lymphotoxin (IL-20LT) </strong></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Newly discovered cytokine has effects in epidermal tissues; no immune system specific effects yet known.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-21 (IL-21) </strong>15</td> <td>&nbsp;Activated T cells&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;Newly discovered. Enhances cytotoxic activity and gamma interferon production by activated NK cells. Enhances proliferation, gamma interferon production, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T B cells.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-22 (IL-22)</strong></td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Newly discovered member of IL-10 cytokine family.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-23 (IL-23) </strong>Heterodimer Mediator of p40 subunit of IL-12 (35-40) inflammation and p19 (18.7)</td> <td>&nbsp;Activated dendritic cells</td> <td>&nbsp;Many of the same biological activities as IL-12&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-24 (IL-24) </strong>23immune function. IL10B; MDA7 (melanoma differentiation association protein7)</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Up-regulated in melanoma cells&nbsp;</td> <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Indeuces TNF-&alpha; and IFN-&gamma; and low levels of IL-1&beta;, IL-12, and GM-CSF in human PBMC. Induces selective anti-cancer properties in breast carcinoma cells by promoting p53 independent apoptosis. Member of the IL-10 family.&nbsp;</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-25 (IL-25)</strong></td> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;New member of the IL-17 family. Induces production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin. In vivo introduction of IL-25 into the lung can result in airway disease, involving cytokine production, tissue reorganization, mucus secretion, and airway hyperreactivityAffects healing.</td>