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<p><em><strong>Haemophilus influenzae</strong></em>, formerly called <strong>Pfeiffer's bacillus</strong> or <em><strong>Bacillus influenzae</strong></em>, is a non-motile Gram-negative coccobacillus first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. It is generally aerobic, but can grow as a facultative anaerobe. <em>H. influenzae</em> was mistakenly considered to be the cause of the common flu until 1933, when the viral etiology of the flu became apparent. Still, <em>H. influenzae</em> is responsible for a wide range of clinical diseases.</p>
<p><em>H. influenzae</em> was the first free-living organism to have its entire genome sequenced. Haemophilus was chosen because one of the project leaders, Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith, had been working on it for decades and was able to provide high-quality DNA libraries. The genome consists of 1,830,140 base pairs of DNA in a single circular chromosome that contains 1740 protein-coding genes, 58 transfer RNA genes tRNA, and 18 other RNA genes. The sequencing method used was Whole genome shotgun. The sequencing project, completed and published in <em>Science</em> in 1995, was conducted at The Institute for Genomic Research.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-Fleichmann_1995_0">[1]</sup></p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline">Serotypes</span></h2>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2>
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<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.who.int/vaccines/en/haeflub.shtml" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.who.int/vaccines/en/haeflub.shtml" rel="nofollow">Hib information</a> on the <a title="World Health Organization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) site. </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/haeminfluserob_t.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/haeminfluserob_t.htm" rel="nofollow">Fact sheet</a> on the <a title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> (CDC) site. </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.hibaction.org" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.hibaction.org/" rel="nofollow">Hib Initiative</a> - from <a title="Johns Hopkins University" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University">Johns Hopkins University</a>, <a title="London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_School_of_Hygiene_%26_Tropical_Medicine">London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine</a>, <a title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention">CDC</a> & <a title="World Health Organization" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization">WHO</a> </li>
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