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<p>The <strong>extinction dates</strong> given below are usually approximations of the actual date of extinction. In some cases, more exact dates are given as it is sometimes possible to pinpoint the date of extinction to a specific year or even day (the <a title="San Benedicto Rock Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Benedicto_Rock_Wren">San Benedicto Rock Wren</a> is possibly the most extreme example - its extinction could be timed with an accuracy of maybe half an hour). Extinction dates in the literature are usually the dates of the last verified record (credible observation or specimen taken); in many Pacific birds which became extinct shortly after European contact, however, this leaves an uncertainty period of over a century because the islands on which they used to occur were only rarely visited by scientists.</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 227px"><a class="image" title="Dodo, based on Roelant Savery's 1626 painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg"><img class="thumbimage" height="244" alt="Dodo, based on Roelant Savery's 1626 painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet." width="225" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg" width="225" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a>, based on <a title="Roelant Savery" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roelant_Savery">Roelant Savery</a>'s <a title="1626" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1626">1626</a> painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet.</div>
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<p><a id="Extinct_bird_species" name="Extinct_bird_species"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Extinct bird species</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a></span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 246px"><a class="image" title="Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greatauk-london.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="393" alt="Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England" width="244" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Greatauk-london.jpg" width="244" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greatauk-london.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a title="Great Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Auk"><font color="#810081">Great Auk</font></a> (<em>Pinguinus impennis</em>), <a title="Natural History Museum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_Museum">Natural History Museum</a>, London, England</div>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="The Laysan Rail was a diminutive omnivore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LaysanRail.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="169" alt="The Laysan Rail was a diminutive omnivore" width="250" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/LaysanRail.jpg/250px-LaysanRail.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LaysanRail.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The <a title="Laysan Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail">Laysan Rail</a> was a diminutive <a title="Omnivore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnivore">omnivore</a></div>
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<dl><dd>The passenger pigeon was once probably the most common bird in the world, a single flock numbering up to several billion birds. It was hunted close to extinction for food and sport in the late 19th century. The last individual died in the <a title="Cincinnati Zoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo">Cincinnati Zoo</a> in 1914. </dd></dl>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 202px"><a class="image" title="Male Passenger Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="320" alt="Male Passenger Pigeon" width="200" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg/200px-Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg" width="200" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Male Passenger Pigeon</div>
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<p><a title="Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot">Parrots</a>.</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karolinasittich_01.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="188" alt="Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany" width="250" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Karolinasittich_01.jpg/250px-Karolinasittich_01.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karolinasittich_01.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Mounted specimen of <em><a title="Conuropsis carolinensis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conuropsis_carolinensis">Conuropsis carolinensis</a></em>, <a title="Museum Wiesbaden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Wiesbaden">Museum Wiesbaden</a>, Germany</div>
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<li><a title="Paradise Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Parrot">Paradise Parrot</a>, <em>Psephotus pulcherrimus</em> (Rockhampton area, Australia, late 1920s) </li>
<li>The <a title="Night Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Parrot">Night Parrot</a>, <em>Pezoporus occidentalis</em>, officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, is a mysterious species which is possibly close to extinction. It was only reliably recoded twice in the late 20th century, the last time in <a title="1991" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991">1991</a>. More probably, it still persists in small numbers as an immature bird was found dead in Diamantina National Park in late 2006 </li>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Pacific Eclectus Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Eclectus_Parrot&action=edit">Pacific Eclectus Parrot</a>, <em>Eclectus infectus</em>, known from subfossil bones found on Tonga, Vanuatu, and possibly Fiji, may have survived until the 18th century: a bird which seems to be a male <em>Eclectus</em> parrot was drawn in a report on the Tongan island of <a title="Vava'u" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vava%27u">Vavaʻu</a> by the <a title="Alessandro Malaspina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina">Malaspina</a> expedition. Also a 19th-century Tongan name <em>ʻāʻā</em> ("parrot") for "a beautiful bird found only at <a title="'Eua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Eua">ʻEua</a>" is attested (see <a class="external text" title="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMaor-c1-5.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMaor-c1-5.html" rel="nofollow">here</a> under "Kaka"). This seems to refer either <em>E. infectus</em> which in Tonga is only known from Vavaʻu and ʻEua, or the extirpated population of the <a title="Collared Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared_Lory">Collared Lory</a> which also occurred there. It is possible but unlikely that the species survived on ʻEua until the 19th century. </li>
<li><a title="Seychelles Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Parakeet">Seychelles Parakeet</a>, <em>Psittacula wardi</em> (Seychelles, W Indian Ocean, 1883) </li>
<li><a title="Newton's Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_Parakeet">Newton's Parakeet</a>, <em>Psittacula exsul</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c.1875) </li>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, this species has not been recorded since 1956 and although some habitat still exists, it was not found in dedicated searches in the 1990s. </dd></dl>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenicus_lyalli.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="279" alt="The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats" width="250" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Xenicus_lyalli.jpg/250px-Xenicus_lyalli.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenicus_lyalli.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The famous <a title="Stephens Island Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren">Stephens Island Wren</a>, victim of feral cats</div>
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<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>T. c. minor</em> from <a title="Stephens Island, New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island%2C_New_Zealand">Stephens Island</a> (extinct c.1897) and the nominate <em>T. c. capensis</em> from the South Island mainland (last specimen taken in 1902, last unconfirmed record in 1963) </dd></dl>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Male (front) and female (back) Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huia_Buller.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="289" alt="Male (front) and female (back) Huia" width="250" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Huia_Buller.jpg/250px-Huia_Buller.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huia_Buller.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Male (front) and female (back) <a title="Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huia">Huia</a></div>
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<p><strong><a title="Emberizidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberizidae">Emberizidae</a></strong> - Buntings and American sparrows</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="381" alt="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" width="250" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg/250px-Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
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<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow">Dusky Seaside Sparrow</a></div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links and references</span></h2>
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<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.redlist.org/" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.redlist.org/" rel="nofollow">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.stockpix.com/stock/animals/birds/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.stockpix.com/stock/animals/birds/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow">Extinct Birds Stock Photography</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.abirdshome.com/Audubon/extinct.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.abirdshome.com/Audubon/extinct.html" rel="nofollow">Extinct Birds from John James Audubon's Birds of America</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.nrm.se/jourhavande_biolog/sida15.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nrm.se/jourhavande_biolog/sida15.html" rel="nofollow">Utrotade faaglar</a> (in Swedish) </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.kcc.org.nz/birds/extinct/list.asp" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.kcc.org.nz/birds/extinct/list.asp" rel="nofollow">New Zealand Extinct Birds List</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow" href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow">Extinct bird forum</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://extinct.petermaas.nl" rel="nofollow" href="http://extinct.petermaas.nl/" rel="nofollow">The Extinction Website</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/index.php?lang=uk" rel="nofollow" href="http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/index.php?lang=uk" rel="nofollow">Naturalis - Extinct Birds</a>: 3D images of extinct bird species in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History (Leiden, Netherlands). </li>
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<p>List adapted, expanded and updated from that in <em>Extinct Birds</em>, Fuller, <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0198508379">ISBN 0-19-850837-9</a> (Extinct Birds is an absorbing study of the world's recently extinct bird species, the first complete survey since <a title="Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Rothschild%2C_2nd_Baron_Rothschild">Walter Rothschild</a>'s classic work of 1907)</p>
