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<p><strong>Zoology</strong> (<a title="Greek language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language">Greek</a> <em>zoon</em> = animal and <em>logos</em> = word) is the <a title="Biology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology">biological</a> <a title="Academic discipline" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_discipline">discipline</a> which involves the study of <a title="Animal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal">animals</a>.</p><p><table id="toc" summary="Contents" class="toc"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle">[<a class="internal" id="togglelink" href="javascript:toggleToc()">hide</a>]</span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology#History_of_zoology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History of zoology</span></a> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology#Branches_of_biology_relevant_to_zoology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Branches of biology relevant to zoology</span></a> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology#Systems_of_classification"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Systems of classification</span></a> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology#Notable_zoologists"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notable zoologists</span></a> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a> </li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoology#Sources_and_external_links"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Sources and external links</span></a> </li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table></p><p><script type="text/javascript">

</script></p><div class="editsection" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px">[<a title="Zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1">edit</a>]</div><p><a id="History_of_zoology" name="History_of_zoology"></a>&nbsp;</p>

<li><a title="History of zoology (before Darwin)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_%28before_Darwin%29">History of zoology (before Darwin)</a> </li> <li><a title="History of zoology (since Darwin)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoology_%28since_Darwin%29">History of zoology (since Darwin)</a> </li>

<div class="editsection" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px">[<a title="Zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2">edit</a>]</div><p><a id="Branches_of_biology_relevant_to_zoology" name="Branches_of_biology_relevant_to_zoology"></a>&nbsp;</p>

<p>The original branches of zoology established in the late <a title="19th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century">19th century</a> such as zoo-physics, bionomics and morphography, have largely been subsumed into more broad areas of biology which include studies of mechanisms common to both plants and animals. The biology of animals is covered in several broad areas:</p>

<li>The <a title="Physiology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology">physiology</a> of animals is studied under various fields including <a title="Anatomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy">anatomy</a> and <a title="Embryology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryology">embryology</a> </li> <li>The common <a title="Genetics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics">genetic</a> and developmental mechanisms of animals and plants is studied in <a title="Molecular biology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology">molecular biology</a>, <a title="Molecular genetics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_genetics">molecular genetics</a> and <a title="Developmental biology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology">developmental biology</a> </li> <li>The <a title="Ecology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecology">ecology</a> of animals is covered under <a title="Behavioral ecology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_ecology">behavioral ecology</a> and other fields </li> <li><a title="Evolutionary biology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology">Evolutionary biology</a> of both animals and plants is considered in the articles on <a title="Evolution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution">evolution</a>, <a title="Population genetics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_genetics">population genetics</a>, <a title="Heredity" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heredity">heredity</a>, <a title="Variation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variation">variation</a>, <a title="Mendelism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelism">Mendelism</a>, <a title="Reproduction" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reproduction">reproduction</a>. </li> <li><a title="Systematics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics">Systematics</a>, <a title="Cladistics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladistics">cladistics</a>, <a title="Phylogenetics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetics">phylogenetics</a>, <a title="Phylogeography" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeography">phylogeography</a>, <a title="Biogeography" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography">biogeography</a> and <a title="Taxonomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy">taxonomy</a> classify and group species via common descent and regional associations. </li>

<p>In addition the various taxonomically oriented-disciplines such as <a title="Mammalogy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammalogy">mammalogy</a>, <a title="Herpetology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetology">herpetology</a>, <a title="Ornithology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology">ornithology</a> study mechanisms that are specific to those groups.</p><div class="editsection" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px">[<a title="Zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3">edit</a>]</div><p><a id="Systems_of_classification" name="Systems_of_classification"></a>&nbsp;</p>

<p><em>Main article:</em> <a title="Scientific classification" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_classification">Scientific classification</a></p><p>Morphography includes the systematic exploration and tabulation of the facts involved in the recognition of all the recent and extinct kinds of animals and their distribution in space and time. (1) The <a title="Museum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum">museum</a>-makers of old days and their modern representatives the curators and describers of zoological collections, (2) early <a title="Exploration" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploration">explorers</a> and modern naturalist travellers and writers on zoo-geography, and (3) <a title="Collector" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collector">collectors</a> of <a title="Fossil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil">fossils</a> and <a title="Palaeontologist" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeontologist">palaeontologists</a> are the chief varieties of zoological workers coming under this heading. Gradually, since the time of <a title="John Hunter (surgeon)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hunter_%28surgeon%29">Hunter</a> and <a title="Georges Cuvier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Cuvier">Cuvier</a>, <a title="Anatomical" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical">anatomical</a> study has associated itself with the more superficial morphography until today no one considers a study of animal form of any value which does not include internal structure, <a title="Histology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histology">histology</a> and <a title="Embryology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embryology">embryology</a> in its scope.</p><p>The real dawn of zoology after the legendary period of the <a title="Middle Ages" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</a> is connected with the name of an <a title="Englishman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englishman">Englishman</a>, <a title="Edward Edward Wotton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Edward_Wotton">Edward Edward Wotton</a>, born at <a title="Oxford" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford">Oxford</a> in <a title="1492" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1492">1492</a>, who practised as a <a title="Physician" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician">physician</a> in <a title="London" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London">London</a> and died in <a title="1555" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1555">1555</a>. He published a treatise <em><a class="new" title="De differentiis animalium" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=De_differentiis_animalium&amp;action=edit">De differentiis animalium</a></em> at <a title="Paris" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris">Paris</a> in <a title="1552" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1552">1552</a>. In many respects Wotton was simply an exponent of <a title="Aristotle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, whose teaching, - with various fanciful additions, constituted the real basis of zoological knowledge throughout the Middle Ages. It was Wotton's merit that he rejected the legendary and fantastic accretions, and returned to Aristotle and the observation of nature.</p><p>The most ready means of noting the progress of zoology during the <a title="16th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_century">16th</a>, <a title="17th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century">17th</a> and <a title="18th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century">18th</a> centuries is to compare Aristotle's classificatory conceptions of successive naturalists with those which are to be found in the works of <a class="new" title="Caldon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caldon&amp;action=edit">Caldon</a>.</p><div class="editsection" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px">[<a title="Zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4">edit</a>]</div><p><a id="Notable_zoologists" name="Notable_zoologists"></a>&nbsp;</p>

<li><a title="Louis Agassiz" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Agassiz">Louis Agassiz</a> (<a title="Malacology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacology">malacology</a>, <a title="Ichthyology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyology">ichthyology</a>) </li> <li><a title="Aristotle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle">Aristotle</a> </li> <li><a title="Bonnaterre, Pierre-Joseph" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnaterre%2C_Pierre-Joseph">Bonnaterre, Pierre-Joseph</a> </li> <li><a title="Archie Carr" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Carr">Archie Carr</a>, (<a title="June 16" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_16">June 16</a>, <a title="1909" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909">1909</a>-<a title="May 21" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_21">May 21</a>, <a title="1987" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987">1987</a>) (<a title="Herpetology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetology">Herpetology</a>), esp. sea turtles </li> <li><a title="Charles Darwin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> </li> <li><a title="Richard Dawkins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a> (<a title="Ethology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology">ethology</a>) </li> <li><a title="Dian Fossey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey">Dian Fossey</a> (<a title="Primatology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primatology">primatology</a>) </li> <li><a class="new" title="Arthur David Hasler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arthur_David_Hasler&amp;action=edit">Arthur David Hasler</a>, (<a title="January 5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_5">January 5</a>, <a title="1908" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1908">1908</a>-<a title="March 23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_23">March 23</a>, <a title="2001" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001">2001</a>) (<a title="Limnology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnology">limnology</a>, <a title="Ichthyology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ichthyology">ichthyology</a>, salmon homing) </li> <li><a class="new" title="Victor Hensen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Victor_Hensen&amp;action=edit">Victor Hensen</a>, (<a title="February 10" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_10">February 10</a>, <a title="1835" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1835">1835</a>-<a title="April 5" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_5">April 5</a>, <a title="1924" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1924">1924</a>) (<a title="Planktology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planktology">planktology</a>) </li> <li><a title="Libbie Hyman" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libbie_Hyman">Libbie Hyman</a> (<a title="Invertebrate zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate_zoology">invertebrate zoology</a>) </li> <li><a title="William Kirby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Kirby">William Kirby</a> (father of <a title="Entomology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomology">entomology</a>) </li> <li><a title="Carolus Linnaeus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a> (father of <a title="Systematics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics">systematics</a>) </li> <li><a title="Konrad Lorenz" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a> (<a title="Ethology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology">ethology</a>) </li> <li><a title="David W. Macdonald" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Macdonald">David W. Macdonald</a> (<a title="Mammal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal">wild mammals</a>) </li> <li><a title="Ernst Mayr" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a> (1905-2005), influential <a title="Evolutionary biology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_biology">evolutionary biologist</a>, one of the founders of the &quot;modern synthesis&quot; of evolutionary theory in the 1940s. </li> <li><a title="Desmond Morris" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Morris">Desmond Morris</a> (<a title="Ethology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethology">ethology</a>) </li> <li><a class="new" title="Ron Nowak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ron_Nowak&amp;action=edit">Ron Nowak</a> (<a title="Mammal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal">wild mammals</a>) </li> <li><a title="Roger Tory Peterson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Tory_Peterson">Roger Tory Peterson</a> (<a title="Ornithology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornithology">ornithology</a>) </li> <li><a title="Thomas Say" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Say">Thomas Say</a> (<a title="Entomology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomology">entomology</a>) </li> <li><a class="new" title="Ernest P. Walker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ernest_P._Walker&amp;action=edit">Ernest P. Walker</a> (<a title="Mammal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal">wild mammals</a>) </li> <li><a title="Edward Osborne Wilson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Osborne_Wilson">E. O Wilson</a>, b. <a title="1929" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929">1929</a>, (<a title="Entomology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomology">entomology</a>, founder of <a title="Sociobiology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociobiology">sociobiology</a>) </li> <li><a title="Jakob van Uexküll" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob_van_Uexk%C3%BCll">Jakob van Uexk&uuml;ll</a> (animal behavior, <a title="Invertebrate zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertebrate_zoology">invertebrate zoology</a>) </li>

<div class="editsection" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px">[<a title="Zoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zoology&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5">edit</a>]</div><p><a id="See_also" name="See_also"></a>&nbsp;</p>

<li><a title="Zoological distribution" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_distribution">Zoological distribution</a> </li> <li><a title="Zootomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zootomy">Zootomy</a> - the study of animal anatomy or animal dissection </li> <li><a title="Cryptozoology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptozoology">Cryptozoology</a> - the study of hidden or unknown animals </li> <li><a title="Palaeontology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaeontology">Palaeontology</a> </li> <li><a title="Oceanography" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanography">Oceanography</a> </li> <li><a title="Entomology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomology">Entomology</a> - the area of biology which studies <a title="Insect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect">insects</a> </li> <li><a title="Botany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botany">Botany</a> - the area of biology which studies <a title="Plant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant">plants</a> </li> <li><a title="Microtomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtomy">Microtomy</a> </li> <li><a title="List of zoologists" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_zoologists">List of zoologists</a> </li> <li><a title="List of publications in biology" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_publications_in_biology#Zoology">Important Publications in Zoology</a> </li>