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Heterosis

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Heterosis, or hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement, is the increased function of any biological quality in a hybrid offspring. It is the occurrence of a genetically superior offspring from mixing the genes of its parents.

A mixed-breed dog</div>

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<h2>Genetic basis of heterosis</h2>

<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle">Main article: Dominance versus overdominance</div>

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<td class="mbox-text">This article includes a <a title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources">list of references</a>, related reading or <a title="Wikipedia:External links" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links">external links</a>, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations">inline citations</a>. Please <a title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check">improve</a> this article by introducing more precise citations <a title="Wikipedia:When to cite" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite">where appropriate</a>. (September 2009)</td>

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<li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/book/hybrid.html~~" rel="nofollow~~">HYBRID VIGOR IN PLANTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO INSECT POLLINATION</a> — a section from <a title="Entomophily" href="/wiki/Entomophily">Insect Pollination</a> Of Cultivated Crop Plants by S.E. McGregor, USDA</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hortihints/0102a.html~~" rel="nofollow~~">Hybrids & Heirlooms</a> — an article from University of Illinois Extension</li> <li>Mingroni, M.A. (2004). "The secular rise in IQ: Giving heterosis a closer look". Intelligence 32: 65–83. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0160-2896%2803%2900058-8~~" rel="nofollow~~">10.1016/S0160-2896(03)00058-8</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+secular+rise+in+IQ%3A+Giving+heterosis+a+closer+look&rft.jtitle=Intelligence&rft.aulast=Mingroni%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Mingroni%2C+M.A.&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=65%E2%80%9383&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0160-2896%2803%2900058-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Heterosis"> </li> <li>Nagoshi, C. T. & Johnson, R. C. (1986). "The ubiquity of g". Personality and Individual Differences 7: 201–7. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2886%2990056-5~~" rel="nofollow~~">10.1016/0191-8869(86)90056-5</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+ubiquity+of+%27%27g%27%27&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.aulast=Nagoshi%2C+C.+T.+%26+Johnson%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Nagoshi%2C+C.+T.+%26+Johnson%2C+R.+C.&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=201%E2%80%937&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2886%2990056-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Heterosis"> </li> <li><a class="external free" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/techmemos/tm30/lynch.html~~" rel="nofollow~~">http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/techmemos/tm30/lynch.html</a></li> <li>Birchler JA, Auger DL, Riddle NC (October 2003). <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14523245~~" rel="nofollow~~">"In search of the molecular basis of heterosis"</a>. Plant Cell 15 (10): 2236–9. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.151030~~" rel="nofollow~~">10.1105/tpc.151030</a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier" href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier">PMID</a> <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14523245~~" rel="nofollow~~">14523245</a>. <a title="PubMed Central" href="/wiki/PubMed_Central">PMC</a> <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=540269~~" rel="nofollow~~">540269</a>. <a class="external free" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14523245~~" rel="nofollow~~">http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14523245</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+search+of+the+molecular+basis+of+heterosis&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell&rft.aulast=Birchler+JA%2C+Auger+DL%2C+Riddle+NC&rft.au=Birchler+JA%2C+Auger+DL%2C+Riddle+NC&rft.date=October+2003&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2236%E2%80%939&rft_id=info:doi/10.1105%2Ftpc.151030&rft_id=info:pmid/14523245&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantcell.org%2Fcgi%2Fpmidlookup%3Fview%3Dlong%26pmid%3D14523245&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Heterosis"> </li> <li>Roybal, J. (July 1, 1998) “<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://beefmagazine.com/mag/beef_ranchstar/~~" rel="nofollow~~">Ranchstar</a>” beefmagazine.com</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/CGP/Sex-links/BRKSexLink.html~~" rel="nofollow~~">Sex-Links</a></li> <li>Winfridus Bakker (2006) “<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cobb-vantress.com/Publications/documents/Cobb_Focus_Two_2006.pdf~~" rel="nofollow~~">Enhanced Hybrid Vigor Benefits Breeder and Broiler</a>” Cobb Focus Issue 2, 2006.</li>

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Heterosis

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