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Warburg's hypothesis was postulated by the Nobel laureate <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(90,54,150); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Otto Heinrich Warburg" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Otto_Heinrich_Warburg">Otto Heinrich Warburg</a> in 1924.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-0">[1]</a> He hypothesized that <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Cancer" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Cancer">cancer</a>, malignant growth, and <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Tumor" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Tumor">tumor</a> growth are caused by the fact that tumor cells mainly generate <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Energy" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Energy">energy</a> (as e.g. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Adenosine triphosphate" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate">adenosine triphosphate</a> / ATP) by non-oxidative breakdown of <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Glucose" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Glucose">glucose</a> (a process called <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Glycolysis" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis">glycolysis</a>). This is in contrast to "healthy" cells which mainly generate energy from oxidative breakdown of pyruvate. Pyruvate is an end-product of <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Glycolysis" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis">glycolysis</a>, and is <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidized" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Oxidized">oxidized</a> within the <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondria" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Mitochondria">mitochondria</a>. Hence, according to Warburg, cancer should be interpreted as a <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrial" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial">mitochondrial</a> dysfunction. Warburg reported a fundamental difference between normal and cancerous cells to be the ratio of glycolysis to respiration; this observation is also known as the <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Warburg effect" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Warburg_effect">Warburg effect</a>.
It is now known that cancer is caused by <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Mutation" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Mutation">mutations</a> in the <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Genome" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Genome">genome</a> of the <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Cell (biology)" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Cell_(biology)">cells</a> in a process called <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Malignant transformation" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Malignant_transformation">malignant transformation</a>, resulting in an uncontrolled growth of cells.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-1">[2]</a><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-2">[3]</a> The metabolic differences observed by Warburg are now thought to be an adaption of cancer cells to the <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Hypoxia (medical)" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Hypoxia_(medical)">hypoxic</a> (oxygen-deficient) conditions inside solid tumors, and therefore not the cause, as he claimed, but an effect of cancer.
Warburg articulated his hypothesis in a paper entitled The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer which he presented in lecture at the meeting of the Nobel-Laureates on June 30, 1966 at <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Lindau" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Lindau">Lindau</a>, Lake Constance, Germany. In this speech, Warburg presented evidence in support of the claim that <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Fermentation (biochemistry)" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_(biochemistry)">anaerobiosis</a> was a primary cause of cancerous cells. Put in his own words, "the prime cause of cancer is the replacement of the respiration of oxygen in normal body cells by a fermentation of sugar."<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-3">[4]</a>
In recent years, Warburg's hypothesis has re-gained attention due to several discoveries linking impaired<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitochondrial" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial">mitochondrial</a> function as well as impaired respiration to the growth, division and expansion of tumor cells. In a study by <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Michael Ristow" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ristow">Michael Ristow</a> and co-workers, <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon cancer" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Colon_cancer">colon cancer</a> lines were modified to overexpress <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Frataxin" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Frataxin">frataxin</a>. The results of their work suggest that an increase in oxidative metabolism induced by mitochondrial frataxin may inhibit cancer growth in mammals.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-4">[5]</a>
Subsequent work has shown that the Warburg effect, indeed, might lead to a promising approach in the treatment of solid tumors. The drug <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Dichloroacetic acid" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Dichloroacetic_acid">dichloroacetic acid</a>, which promotes respiration and the activity of mitochondria, has been shown to kill cancer cells in vitro and in some animal models.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-bonnet2007-5">[6]</a> The body often kills damaged cells by <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Apoptosis" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Apoptosis">apoptosis</a>, a mechanism of self-destruction that involves mitochondria, but this mechanism fails in cancer cells where the mitochondria are shut down. According to one hypothesis, the reactivation of mitochondria in cancer cells might also restart their apoptosis program.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-6">[7]</a><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; WHITE-SPACE: nowrap; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_note-7">[8]</a>
<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" id="See_also" name="See_also"></a>
<h2 style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(170,170,170) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.17em; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.6em; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 19px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial">[<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Edit section: See also" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warburg_hypothesis&action=edit&section=1">edit</a>]See also</h2>
<ul style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; LIST-STYLE-TYPE: square; MARGIN: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; LIST-STYLE-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/bullet.gif); PADDING-TOP: 0px">
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Carcinogen" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen">Carcinogen</a></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="2-Deoxy-D-glucose" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/2-Deoxy-D-glucose">2-Deoxy-D-glucose</a></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Ketogenic diet" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Ketogenic_diet">Ketogenic diet</a></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Pyruvic acid" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Pyruvic_acid">Pyruvic acid</a></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Respiration" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Respiration">Respiration</a></li>
</ul>
<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" id="References" name="References"></a>
<h2 style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(170,170,170) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.17em; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.6em; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 19px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial">[<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Edit section: References" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warburg_hypothesis&action=edit&section=2">edit</a>]References</h2>
<div style="FONT-SIZE: 11px" class="references-small">
<ol style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; MARGIN: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; LIST-STYLE-IMAGE: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px" class="references">
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-0"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-0">^</a> O. Warburg, K. Posener, E. Negelein: Ueber den Stoffwechsel der Tumoren; Biochemische Zeitschrift, Vol. 152, pp. 319-344, 1924. (German). Reprinted in English in the book On metabolism of tumors by O. Warburg, Publisher: Constable, London, 1930.</li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-1"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-1">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFBertram_JS2000" class="">Bertram JS (2000). "The molecular biology of cancer". Mol. Aspects Med. 21 (6): 167–223. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0098-2997%2800%2900007-8" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0098-2997%2800%2900007-8" rel="nofollow">10.1016/S0098-2997(00)00007-8</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11173079" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11173079">PMID 11173079</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+molecular+biology+of+cancer&rft.jtitle=Mol.+Aspects+Med.&rft.aulast=Bertram+JS&rft.au=Bertram+JS&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=167%E2%80%93223&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0098-2997%2800%2900007-8&rft_id=info:pmid/11173079&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-2"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFGrand.C3.A9r_D1998" class="">Grandér D (1998). "How do mutated oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes cause cancer?". Med. Oncol. 15 (1): 20–6.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02787340" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02787340" rel="nofollow">10.1007/BF02787340</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9643526" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9643526">PMID 9643526</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+do+mutated+oncogenes+and+tumor+suppressor+genes+cause+cancer%3F&rft.jtitle=Med.+Oncol.&rft.aulast=Grand%C3%A9r+D&rft.au=Grand%C3%A9r+D&rft.date=1998&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=20%E2%80%936&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF02787340&rft_id=info:pmid/9643526&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-3"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFOtto_Heinrich_Warburg" class="">Otto Heinrich Warburg (<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="June 30" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/June_30">June 30</a>, <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="1966" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/1966">1966</a>). <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://healingtools.tripod.com/primecause1.html/" href="http://healingtools.tripod.com/primecause1.html/" rel="nofollow">The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Prime+Cause+and+Prevention+of+Cancer&rft.aulast=Otto+Heinrich+Warburg&rft.au=Otto+Heinrich+Warburg&rft.date=%5B%5BJune+30%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5B1966%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhealingtools.tripod.com%2Fprimecause1.html%2F&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-4"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFSchulz_TJ.2C_Thierbach_R.2C_Voigt_A.2C_Drewes_G.2C_Mietzner_B.2C_Steinberg_P.2C_Pfeiffer_AF.2C_Ristow_M." class="">Schulz TJ, Thierbach R, Voigt A, Drewes G, Mietzner B, Steinberg P, Pfeiffer AF, Ristow M. (<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="January 13" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/January_13">January 13</a>, <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="2006" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/2006">2006</a>). "Induction of oxidative metabolism by mitochondrial frataxin inhibits cancer growth: Otto Warburg revisited.". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Journal of Biological Chemistry" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Biological_Chemistry">Journal of Biological Chemistry</a> 281 (2): 977–981. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M511064200" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M511064200" rel="nofollow">10.1074/jbc.M511064200</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16263703" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16263703">PMID 16263703</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Induction+of+oxidative+metabolism+by+mitochondrial+frataxin+inhibits+cancer+growth%3A+Otto+Warburg+revisited.&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BJournal+of+Biological+Chemistry%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Schulz+TJ%2C+Thierbach+R%2C+Voigt+A%2C+Drewes+G%2C+Mietzner+B%2C+Steinberg+P%2C+Pfeiffer+AF%2C+Ristow+M.&rft.au=Schulz+TJ%2C+Thierbach+R%2C+Voigt+A%2C+Drewes+G%2C+Mietzner+B%2C+Steinberg+P%2C+Pfeiffer+AF%2C+Ristow+M.&rft.date=%5B%5BJanuary+13%5D%5D%2C+%5B%5B2006%5D%5D&rft.volume=281&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=977%E2%80%93981&rft_id=info:doi/10.1074%2Fjbc.M511064200&rft_id=info:pmid/16263703&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-bonnet2007-5"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-bonnet2007_5-0">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFBonnet_S.2C_Archer_S.2C_Allalunis-Turner_J.2C_Haromy_A.2C_Beaulieu_C.2C_Thompson_R.2C_Lee_C.2C_Lopaschuk_G.2C_Puttagunta_L.2C_Bonnet_S.2C_Harry_G.2C_Hashimoto_K.2C_Porter_C.2C_Andrade_M.2C_Thebaud_B.2C_Michelakis_E2007" class="">Bonnet S, Archer S, Allalunis-Turner J, Haromy A, Beaulieu C, Thompson R, Lee C, Lopaschuk G, Puttagunta L, Bonnet S, Harry G, Hashimoto K, Porter C, Andrade M, Thebaud B, Michelakis E (2007). "A mitochondria-K+ channel axis is suppressed in cancer and its normalization promotes apoptosis and inhibits cancer growth". Cancer Cell 11 (1): 37–51.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2006.10.020" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2006.10.020" rel="nofollow">10.1016/j.ccr.2006.10.020</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222789" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17222789">PMID 17222789</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+mitochondria-K%2B+channel+axis+is+suppressed+in+cancer+and+its+normalization+promotes+apoptosis+and+inhibits+cancer+growth&rft.jtitle=Cancer+Cell&rft.aulast=Bonnet+S%2C+Archer+S%2C+Allalunis-Turner+J%2C+Haromy+A%2C+Beaulieu+C%2C+Thompson+R%2C+Lee+C%2C+Lopaschuk+G%2C+Puttagunta+L%2C+Bonnet+S%2C+Harry+G%2C+Hashimoto+K%2C+Porter+C%2C+Andrade+M%2C+Thebaud+B%2C+Michelakis+E&rft.au=Bonnet+S%2C+Archer+S%2C+Allalunis-Turner+J%2C+Haromy+A%2C+Beaulieu+C%2C+Thompson+R%2C+Lee+C%2C+Lopaschuk+G%2C+Puttagunta+L%2C+Bonnet+S%2C+Harry+G%2C+Hashimoto+K%2C+Porter+C%2C+Andrade+M%2C+Thebaud+B%2C+Michelakis+E&rft.date=2007&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=37%E2%80%9351&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ccr.2006.10.020&rft_id=info:pmid/17222789&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-6"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFJerry_Adler" class="news">Jerry Adler (<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="January 23" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/January_23">23 January</a> <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="2007" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/2007">2007</a>). "<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.newsweek.com/id/70212" href="http://www.newsweek.com/id/70212" rel="nofollow">A New Way to Fight Cancer?</a>". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Newsweek" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Newsweek">Newsweek</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=A+New+Way+to+Fight+Cancer%3F&rft.atitle=&rft.aulast=Jerry+Adler&rft.au=Jerry+Adler&rft.date=%5B%5B23+January%5D%5D+%5B%5B2007%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BNewsweek%5D%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fid%2F70212&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em" id="cite_note-7"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" href="http://biopedia.org/FCKeditor/editor/fckeditor.html?InstanceName=wpTextbox1&Toolbar=Wiki#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFPedersen2007" class="">Pedersen, Peter L (2007-02). "The cancer cell's "power plants" as promising therapeutic targets: an overview". Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 39 (1): 1–12. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="International Standard Serial Number" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number">ISSN</a> <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://worldcat.org/issn/0145479" href="http://worldcat.org/issn/0145479" rel="nofollow">0145479</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+cancer+cell%27s+%22power+plants%22+as+promising+therapeutic+targets%3A+an+overview&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+bioenergetics+and+biomembranes&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Peter+L&rft.au=Pedersen%2C+Peter+L&rft.date=2007-02&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9312&rft.issn=0145479&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
</ol>
</div>
<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" id="Further_reading" name="Further_reading"></a>
<h2 style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(170,170,170) 1px solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.17em; MARGIN: 0px 0px 0.6em; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 19px; FONT-WEIGHT: normal; PADDING-TOP: 0.5em; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial">[<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Edit section: Further reading" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warburg_hypothesis&action=edit&section=3">edit</a>]Further reading</h2>
<ul style="PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5em; LIST-STYLE-TYPE: square; MARGIN: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.5em; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; LIST-STYLE-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/bullet.gif); PADDING-TOP: 0px">
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFWarburg_O" class="">Warburg O (<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="February 24" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/February_24">24 February</a> <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="1956" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/1956">1956</a>). "On the Origin of Cancer Cells". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Science (journal)" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Science_(journal)">Science</a> 123 (3191): 309–14.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.123.3191.309" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.123.3191.309" rel="nofollow">10.1126/science.123.3191.309</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13298683" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13298683">PMID 13298683</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=On+the+Origin+of+Cancer+Cells&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BScience+%28journal%29%7CScience%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Warburg+O&rft.au=Warburg+O&rft.date=%5B%5B24+February%5D%5D+%5B%5B1956%5D%5D&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=3191&rft.pages=309%E2%80%9314&rft_id=info:doi/10.1126%2Fscience.123.3191.309&rft_id=info:pmid/13298683&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFRistow_M2006" class="">Ristow M (July 2006). "<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.co-clinicalnutrition.com/pt/re/conutrition/abstract.00075197-200607000-00003.htm" href="http://www.co-clinicalnutrition.com/pt/re/conutrition/abstract.00075197-200607000-00003.htm" rel="nofollow">Oxidative metabolism in cancer growth</a>". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(204,34,0); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="new" title="Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. (page does not exist)" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Curr_Opin_Clin_Nutr_Metab_Care.&action=edit&redlink=1">Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care.</a> 9 (4): 339–45. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F01.mco.0000232892.43921.98" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1097%2F01.mco.0000232892.43921.98" rel="nofollow">10.1097/01.mco.0000232892.43921.98</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778561" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778561">PMID 16778561</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Oxidative+metabolism+in+cancer+growth&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BCurr+Opin+Clin+Nutr+Metab+Care.%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Ristow+M&rft.au=Ristow+M&rft.date=July+2006&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=339%E2%80%9345&rft_id=info:doi/10.1097%2F01.mco.0000232892.43921.98&rft_id=info:pmid/16778561&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.co-clinicalnutrition.com%2Fpt%2Fre%2Fconutrition%2Fabstract.00075197-200607000-00003.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFJohn_Hopkins_Medicine" class="press release">John Hopkins Medicine (<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="October 14" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/October_14">14 October</a> <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="2004" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/2004">2004</a>). <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.hopkinskimmelcancercenter.org/news/details.cfm?documentid=673" href="http://www.hopkinskimmelcancercenter.org/news/details.cfm?documentid=673" rel="nofollow">"Energy Blocker" kills Big Tumors in Rats</a>. Press release.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Energy+Blocker%22+kills+Big+Tumors+in+Rats&rft.aulast=John+Hopkins+Medicine&rft.au=John+Hopkins+Medicine&rft.date=%5B%5B14+October%5D%5D+%5B%5B2004%5D%5D&rft.series=Press+release&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinskimmelcancercenter.org%2Fnews%2Fdetails.cfm%3Fdocumentid%3D673&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFGatenby_RA.2C_Gillies_RJ2004" class="">Gatenby RA, Gillies RJ (2004). "<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 16px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://bode.slu.edu/Glycolysis.pdf" href="http://bode.slu.edu/Glycolysis.pdf" rel="nofollow">Why do cancers have high aerobic glycolysis?</a>" (reprint). <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Nat Rev Cancer" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Nat_Rev_Cancer">Nat Rev Cancer</a> 4 (11): 891–9. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrc1478" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrc1478" rel="nofollow">10.1038/nrc1478</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+do+cancers+have+high+aerobic+glycolysis%3F&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BNat+Rev+Cancer%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Gatenby+RA%2C+Gillies+RJ&rft.au=Gatenby+RA%2C+Gillies+RJ&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=891%E2%80%939&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnrc1478&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbode.slu.edu%2FGlycolysis.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFPelicano_H.2C_Martin_DS.2C_Xu_RH.2C_Huang_P2006" class="">Pelicano H, Martin DS, Xu RH, Huang P (2006). "Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(204,34,0); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="new" title="Oncogene (journal) (page does not exist)" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oncogene_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1">Oncogene</a>25 (34): 4633–46. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1209597" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1209597" rel="nofollow">10.1038/sj.onc.1209597</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Glycolysis+inhibition+for+anticancer+treatment&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BOncogene+%28journal%29%7COncogene%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Pelicano+H%2C+Martin+DS%2C+Xu+RH%2C+Huang+P&rft.au=Pelicano+H%2C+Martin+DS%2C+Xu+RH%2C+Huang+P&rft.date=2006&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=4633%E2%80%9346&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1209597&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFWeinhouse_S1976" class="">Weinhouse S (1976). "The Warburg hypothesis fifty years later". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(204,34,0); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="new" title="Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology (page does not exist)" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Cancer_Research_and_Clinical_Oncology&action=edit&redlink=1">Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology</a> 87 (2): 115–26. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00284370" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00284370" rel="nofollow">10.1007/BF00284370</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Warburg+hypothesis+fifty+years+later&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BJournal+of+Cancer+Research+and+Clinical+Oncology%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Weinhouse+S&rft.au=Weinhouse+S&rft.date=1976&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=115%E2%80%9326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2FBF00284370&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFGarber_K2004" class="">Garber K (2004). "Energy Boost: The Warburg Effect Returns in a New Theory of Cancer". <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(204,34,0); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="new" title="Journal of the National Cancer Institute (page does not exist)" href="http://biopedia.org/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_National_Cancer_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1">Journal of the National Cancer Institute</a> 96 (24): 1805–6. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjnci%2F96.24.1805" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjnci%2F96.24.1805" rel="nofollow">10.1093/jnci/96.24.1805</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15601632" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15601632">PMID 15601632</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Energy+Boost%3A+The+Warburg+Effect+Returns+in+a+New+Theory+of+Cancer&rft.jtitle=%5B%5BJournal+of+the+National+Cancer+Institute%5D%5D&rft.aulast=Garber+K&rft.au=Garber+K&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=24&rft.pages=1805%E2%80%936&rft_id=info:doi/10.1093%2Fjnci%2F96.24.1805&rft_id=info:pmid/15601632&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFSeyfried_TN.2C_Mukherjee_P2005" class="">Seyfried TN, Mukherjee P (Oct 2005). "<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/2/1/30" href="http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/2/1/30" rel="nofollow">Targeting energy metabolism in brain cancer: review and hypothesis</a>". Nutr Metab (Lond) 2: 30. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1743-7075-2-30" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1743-7075-2-30" rel="nofollow">10.1186/1743-7075-2-30</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16242042" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16242042">PMID 16242042</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="PubMed Central" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Central">PMC</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1276814" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1276814" rel="nofollow">1276814</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Targeting+energy+metabolism+in+brain+cancer%3A+review+and+hypothesis&rft.jtitle=Nutr+Metab+%28Lond%29&rft.aulast=Seyfried+TN%2C+Mukherjee+P&rft.au=Seyfried+TN%2C+Mukherjee+P&rft.date=Oct+2005&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=30&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186%2F1743-7075-2-30&rft_id=info:pmid/16242042&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutritionandmetabolism.com%2Fcontent%2F2%2F1%2F30&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFPedersen_PL2007" class="">Pedersen PL (Jun 2007). "<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:17879147" href="http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:17879147" rel="nofollow">Warburg, me and Hexokinase 2: Multiple discoveries of key molecular events underlying one of cancers' most common phenotypes, the "Warburg Effect", i.e., elevated glycolysis in the presence of oxygen</a>". J Bioenerg Biomembr. 39 (3): 211–22. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10863-007-9094-x" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10863-007-9094-x" rel="nofollow">10.1007/s10863-007-9094-x</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879147" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17879147">PMID 17879147</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Warburg%2C+me+and+Hexokinase+2%3A+Multiple+discoveries+of+key+molecular+events+underlying+one+of+cancers%27+most+common+phenotypes%2C+the+%22Warburg+Effect%22%2C+i.e.%2C+elevated+glycolysis+in+the+presence+of+oxygen&rft.jtitle=J+Bioenerg+Biomembr.&rft.aulast=Pedersen+PL&rft.au=Pedersen+PL&rft.date=Jun+2007&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=211%E2%80%9322&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10863-007-9094-x&rft_id=info:pmid/17879147&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flib.bioinfo.pl%2Fpmid%3A17879147&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://acs.confex.com/acs/norm07/techprogram/P44814.HTM" href="http://acs.confex.com/acs/norm07/techprogram/P44814.HTM" rel="nofollow">Glycolytic enzyme inhibitors as novel anti-cancer drugs</a> (<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="3-bromopyruvate" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/3-bromopyruvate">3-bromopyruvate</a> (3BP) and <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="mw-redirect" title="Iodoacetate" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Iodoacetate">iodoacetate</a> (IAA)), James C.K. Lai et al., Idaho State, June 2007</li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1662484,00.html" href="http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1662484,00.html" rel="nofollow">Can a High-Fat Diet Beat Cancer?</a> by Richard Friebe, Time magazine, Monday, Sep. 17, 2007,</li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFMoreno-S.C3.A1nchez_R.2C_Rodr.C3.ADguez-Enr.C3.ADquez_S.2C_Mar.C3.ADn-Hern.C3.A1ndez_A.2C_Saavedra_E2007" class="">Moreno-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Marín-Hernández A, Saavedra E (Mar 2007). "Energy metabolism in tumor cells". Febs J. 274 (6): 1393–418. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1742-4658.2007.05686.x" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1742-4658.2007.05686.x" rel="nofollow">10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05686.x</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17302740" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17302740">PMID 17302740</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Energy+metabolism+in+tumor+cells&rft.jtitle=Febs+J.&rft.aulast=Moreno-S%C3%A1nchez+R%2C+Rodr%C3%ADguez-Enr%C3%ADquez+S%2C+Mar%C3%ADn-Hern%C3%A1ndez+A%2C+Saavedra+E&rft.au=Moreno-S%C3%A1nchez+R%2C+Rodr%C3%ADguez-Enr%C3%ADquez+S%2C+Mar%C3%ADn-Hern%C3%A1ndez+A%2C+Saavedra+E&rft.date=Mar+2007&rft.volume=274&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1393%E2%80%93418&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111%2Fj.1742-4658.2007.05686.x&rft_id=info:pmid/17302740&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFPedersen_PL2007" class="">Pedersen PL (Feb 2007). "The cancer cell's "power plants" as promising therapeutic targets: an overview". J Bioenerg Biomembr. 39 (1): 1–12. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10863-007-9070-5" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10863-007-9070-5" rel="nofollow">10.1007/s10863-007-9070-5</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17404823" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17404823">PMID 17404823</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+cancer+cell%27s+%22power+plants%22+as+promising+therapeutic+targets%3A+an+overview&rft.jtitle=J+Bioenerg+Biomembr.&rft.aulast=Pedersen+PL&rft.au=Pedersen+PL&rft.date=Feb+2007&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1%E2%80%9312&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007%2Fs10863-007-9070-5&rft_id=info:pmid/17404823&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFAft_RL.2C_Zhang_FW.2C_Gius_D2002" class="">Aft RL, Zhang FW, Gius D (Sep 2002). "<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v87/n7/abs/6600547a.html" href="http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v87/n7/abs/6600547a.html" rel="nofollow">Evaluation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose as a chemotherapeutic agent: mechanism of cell death</a>". Br J Cancer 87 (7): 805–12. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.bjc.6600547" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.bjc.6600547" rel="nofollow">10.1038/sj.bjc.6600547</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12232767" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12232767">PMID 12232767</a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+2-deoxy-D-glucose+as+a+chemotherapeutic+agent%3A+mechanism+of+cell+death&rft.jtitle=Br+J+Cancer&rft.aulast=Aft+RL%2C+Zhang+FW%2C+Gius+D&rft.au=Aft+RL%2C+Zhang+FW%2C+Gius+D&rft.date=Sep+2002&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=805%E2%80%9312&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fsj.bjc.6600547&rft_id=info:pmid/12232767&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fbjc%2Fjournal%2Fv87%2Fn7%2Fabs%2F6600547a.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Warburg_hypothesis"></li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6670330" href="http://v3.espacenet.com/textdoc?DB=EPODOC&IDX=US6670330" rel="nofollow">US patent 6670330</a> Cancer chemotherapy with 2-deoxy-D-glucose</li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1671684,00.html" href="http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1671684,00.html" rel="nofollow">Can Ancient Herbs Treat Cancer?</a> Time magazine, October 15, 2007 (describes the drug trial of BZL101, a compound from the Scutellaria Barbata herb that prevents cancerous cells from undergoing <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Glycolysis" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis">glycolysis</a>).</li>
<li style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0.1em"><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal; WORD-WRAP: break-word" id="CITEREFIsidoro_A.2C_Casado_E.2C_Redondo_A.2C_.27.27et_al..27.272005" class="">Isidoro A, Casado E, Redondo A, et al. (Dec 2005). "Breast carcinomas fulfill the Warburg hypothesis and provide metabolic markers of cancer prognosis". Carcinogenesis 26 (12): 2095–104.<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; COLOR: rgb(0,43,184); TEXT-DECORATION: none; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" title="Digital object identifier" href="http://biopedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier">doi</a>:<a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgi188" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fcarcin%2Fbgi188" rel="nofollow">10.1093/carcin/bgi188</a>. <a style="BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png); PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-RIGHT: 13px; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-POSITION: 100% 50%; COLOR: rgb(51,102,187); TEXT-DECORATION: none; PADDING-TOP: 0px; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial" class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16033770" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16033770">PMID 16033770</a>.</cite></li>
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