Interleukin 1~25

Cytokine.  MW(kDa).  Synonyms	Sources	Activity
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) IL-1α; 17.5, IL-1β; 17.3, Lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF); mononuclear cell factor (MCF); endogenous pyrogen (EP).	Many cell types including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, NK cells, and non-immune system cells such as vascular epithelium, fibroblast, and some smooth muscle cells	IL-1 displays a wide variety of biological activities on many different cell types including T cells, B cells, and monocytes. Receptor for IL-1 are also found on the other leukocytes including eosinophils and dendritic cells as well as on nonimmune system cells such as fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, and some cells of the nervous system. The in vivo effects of IL-1 include induction of fever, the acute phase response, and stimulation of neutrophil production.
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) 15-20. T cell growth factor (TCGF)	T cells	Stimulates growth and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and NK cells.
Interleukin-3 (IL-3) 15.1(monomer), 30(dimer). Multi-colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF); hematopoietic cell growth factor (HCGF); mast cell growth factor (MCGF)	Activated T cells, mast cells and eosinophils	Growth factor for hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes; stimulates colony formation in neutrophils, eosinophil, basophil, mast cell, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and monocytic lineages but not in lymphocytes.
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) 15-19. B cell-stimulating factor 1 (BSF-1)	Mast cells, T cells, bone marrow stromal cells	Promotes growth and development of B and T cells, and cells of the monocytic lineage. Also affects cells outside the immune system, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts.
Interleukin-5 (IL-5) 45. Eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF), eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF)	Mast cells, T cells, eosinophils	Induces eosinophil formation and differentiation.
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) 26. B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2), hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF), hepatocyte-stimulating factor (HSF)	T cells, B cells, several non-lymphoid cells including macrophages, bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and astrocytes	Regulate B and T cell functions; in vivo effects on hematopoiesis; inducer of the acute phase response.
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) 20-28. Pre-B-cell growth factor, lymphopoietin-1 (LP-1)	Bone marrow stromal cells, thymic stromal cells, and spleen cells	Growth factor for T and B cell progenitors.
Interleukin-8 (IL-8) 6-8. Neutrophil-attractant/activating protein (NAP-1), neutrophil-activating factor (NAF), and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCAP).	Many cell types including monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and nonimmune system cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and others	Chemokine that cunctions primarily as a chemo-attractant and activator of neutrophils; also attracts basophils and some subpopulations of lymphocytes; has angiogenic activity.
Interleukin-9 (IL-9) 32-39. P40; T cell growth factor Ⅲ.	IL-2 activated T helper cell populations	Stimulates proliferation of T lymphocytes and erythroid precursors.
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) 35-40. Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF)	Activated subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells	Stimulates or enhances proliferation of B cells, thymocytes, and mast cells. In co-operation with TGF-β, stimulates IgA synthesis and secretion by human B cells; antagonizes generation of the Th1 subset of helper T cells.
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) 23	Bone marrow stromal cells and IL-1-stimulated fibroblasts	Growth factor for plasmacytomas, megakaryocytes, amd macrophage progenitor cells.
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) Heterodimer containing a p35 subunit of 30-33, p40 subunit of 35-44. NK cells stimulatory factor (NKSF); cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF)	Macrophages and dendritic cells	Important factor in inducing differentiation of Th1 subset helper T cells. Also induces interferon gamma production by T cells and NK cells and enhances NK cell activity.
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) 17	Activated T cells, mast cells, and NK cells	Role in Th2 responses; upregulates synthesis of IgE and suppresses inflammatory responses. Involved in pathology of asthma and some allergic conditions.
Interleukin-14 (IL-14) 60. High molecular weight B cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF)	T cells	Enhances B celss proliferation, inhibits antibody synthesis.
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) 14-15	Many cell types but primarily dendritic cells and cells of the monocytic lineage	Stimulates T cell proliferation and development and activation of NK cells.
Interleukin-16 (IL-16) homotetramer 60; monomer ~17. Lymphocyte chemotatic factor (LCF)	T cells	Stomulates migration of CD4+ T cells, CD4+ monocytes, and eosinophils. Binding of IL-16 by CD4 inhibits HIV sinfection of CD4+ cells .
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) 28-31. CTLA-8 (cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen8)	Primarily CD4+ T cells	Supports hematopiesis indirectly by stimulating cytokine production by epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic stromal cells. Enhances expression of ICAM-1, thus making cells more adhesive.
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) 18.2, Interferon gamma-inducing factor (IGIF)	Cells of the monocytic lineage and dendritic cells	Promotes differentiation of Th1 subset of helper T cells. Induces interferon gamma production of T cells and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity.
Interleukin-19 (IL-19) Homotetramer 35-40	LPS-stimulated monocytes; other sources also likely	Newly discovered member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. Activity under investigation.
Interleukin-20 (IL-20)		Newly discovered cytokine has effects in epidermal tissues; no immune system specific effects yet known.
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) 15	Activated T cells	Newly discovered. Enhances cytotoxic activity and gamma interferon production by activated NK cells. Enhances proliferation, gamma interferon production, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.
Interleukin-22 (IL-22)		Newly discovered member of IL-10 cytokine family.
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) Heterodimer of p40 subunit of IL-12 (35-40) and p19 (18.7)	Activated dendritic cells	Many of the same biological activities as IL-12
Interleukin-24 (IL-24) 23. IL10B; MDA7 (melanoma differentiation association protein7)	Up-regulated in melanoma cells	Indeuces TNF-α and IFN-γ and low levels of IL-1β, IL-12, and GM-CSF in human PBMC. Induces selective anti-cancer properties in breast carcinoma cells by promoting p53 independent apoptosis. Member of the IL-10 family.
Interleukin-25 (IL-25)		New member of the IL-17 family. Induces production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin. In vivo introduction of IL-25 into the lung can result in airway disease, involving cytokine production, tissue reorganization, mucus secretion, and airway hyperreactivity.