Difference between revisions of "Nosology"
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| − | <p><strong>Nosology</strong> (from the <a | + | <p><font face="Arial"><strong>Nosology</strong> (from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> "<em>nosos</em>," "disease") is a branch of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> that deals with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification" title="Classification">classification</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a>.</font></p> |
| − | <p>Diseases may be classified by <a | + | <p><font face="Arial">Diseases may be classified by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiology</a> (cause), <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenesis" title="Pathogenesis">pathogenesis</a> (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanism" title="Mechanism">mechanism</a> by which the disease is caused), or by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom" title="Symptom">symptom</a>(s). Alternatively, diseases may be classified according to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_system" title="Organ system">organ system</a> involved, though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ.</font></p> |
| − | <p>A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often cannot be defined and classified clearly, especially when etiology or pathogenesis are unknown. Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms (<a | + | <p><font face="Arial">A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often cannot be defined and classified clearly, especially when etiology or pathogenesis are unknown. Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome" title="Syndrome">syndrome</a>).</font></p> |
| − | <p>Some of the earliest efforts at developing a classification of diseases began in the <a | + | <p><font face="Arial">Some of the earliest efforts at developing a classification of diseases began in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a> with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomist" title="Taxonomist">taxonomist</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Carolus Linnaeus</a> and Francois Boissier de Sauvages, although <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Sydenham" title="Thomas Sydenham">Thomas Sydenham</a>'s work in the late <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_century" title="17th century">17th century</a></font> might also be considered a nosology.</p> |
| − | <p>In the <a | + | <p><font face="Arial">In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin" title="Emil Kraepelin">Emil Kraepelin</a> and then <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Bertillon" title="Jacques Bertillon">Jacques Bertillon</a> developed their own nosologies. Bertillon's work, classifying causes of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death" title="Death">death</a>, was a precursor of the modern medical-billing code system, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD" title="ICD">ICD</a>.</font></p> |
| − | <p>The early nosological efforts grouped <a | + | <p><font face="Arial">The early nosological efforts grouped <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a> by their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptom" title="Symptom">symptoms</a>, whereas modern systems (e.g. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNOMED" title="SNOMED">SNOMED</a>) focus on grouping diseases by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiology</a> involved.</font></p> |
| − | <p><a | + | <p><font face="Arial"><a name="See_also" id="See_also"></a></font></p> |
| − | <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2> | + | <h2><font face="Arial"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></font></h2> |
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li>< | + | <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_diagnosis" title="Differential diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</a></font></li> |
| − | <li>< | + | <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICD" title="ICD">International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems</a></font></li> |
| − | <li>< | + | <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_classification" title="Medical classification">Medical classification</a></font></li> |
| − | <li>< | + | <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> (study of disease)</font></li> |
| − | <li>< | + | <li><font face="Arial"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Diseases" title="Category:Diseases">Category:Diseases</a> (Wikipedia's categorization of diseases)</font></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| − | <p><a | + | <p><font face="Arial"><a name="External_links" id="External_links"></a></font></p> |
| − | <h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2> | + | <h2><font face="Arial"><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></font></h2> |
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li>Gordon L. Snider, Nosology for Our Day Its Application to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, <em>American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine</em> Vol 167. pp. 678-683, (2003). <a | + | <li><font face="Arial">Gordon L. Snider, Nosology for Our Day Its Application to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, <em>American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine</em> Vol 167. pp. 678-683, (2003). <a href="http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/167/5/678" class="external text" title="http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/full/167/5/678" rel="nofollow">fulltext</a></font></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
Latest revision as of 00:31, 16 September 2007
Nosology (from the Greek "nosos," "disease") is a branch of medicine that deals with classification of diseases.
Diseases may be classified by etiology (cause), pathogenesis (mechanism by which the disease is caused), or by symptom(s). Alternatively, diseases may be classified according to the organ system involved, though this is often complicated since many diseases affect more than one organ.
A chief difficulty in nosology is that diseases often cannot be defined and classified clearly, especially when etiology or pathogenesis are unknown. Thus diagnostic terms often only reflect a symptom or set of symptoms (syndrome).
Some of the earliest efforts at developing a classification of diseases began in the 18th century with the taxonomistCarolus Linnaeus and Francois Boissier de Sauvages, although Thomas Sydenham's work in the late 17th century might also be considered a nosology.
In the 19th century, Emil Kraepelin and then Jacques Bertillon developed their own nosologies. Bertillon's work, classifying causes of death, was a precursor of the modern medical-billing code system, ICD.
The early nosological efforts grouped diseases by their symptoms, whereas modern systems (e.g. SNOMED) focus on grouping diseases by the anatomy and etiology involved.
See also
- Differential diagnosis
- International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
- Medical classification
- Pathology (study of disease)
- Category:Diseases (Wikipedia's categorization of diseases)
External links
- Gordon L. Snider, Nosology for Our Day Its Application to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Vol 167. pp. 678-683, (2003). fulltext
