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<html><a name="[문서의 처음]"></a></html><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> <html><a name="[문서의 처음]"></a></html><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">1-1 introduction to microbiology</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">❍ microbiology(미생물학)</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">간단히 말해 미생물(microorganism)을 연구목적으로 하는 학문이다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">미생물이라는 생명체를 대상으로 연구하는 생명과학의 한 분야이다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">분류, 생리, 유전에 관한 것을 생물화학, 생물물리학, 면역학, 유전학 분야에서</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">주로 연구하고 생태학적 분야를 비롯한 응용분야는 유전자공학, 발효공학에서 다룬다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">초기의 미생물학은 사람, 동물, 곡식류의 병원미생물을 주로 다루는 의학, 수의학, 식물병리학에서 시작하여, 식품의 발효와 저장문제를 다루는 식품과학과 함께 발전해 왔다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">그러나 오늘날에는 생명현상을 밝히는 기초학문으로서 분자생물학과 함께 중요한 위치를 차지하며, 유전공학과 항생물질의 생산 또는 에너지와 환경오염의 문제 해결에도 중요한 역할을 하고 있다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">1-2 introduction to microorganism(미생물의 소개)</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">❍ microorganism(미생물)</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">간단히 말해 눈으로 볼 수 없는 0.1 nm 이하의 크기인 미세한 생물 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">주로 단일세포 또는 균사로써 몸을 이루며, 생물로서 최소 생활단위를 영위한다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">조류(algae), 균류(bacteria), 원생동물(protozoa), 사상균류(mold), </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">효모류(yeast)와 한계적 생물이라고 할 수 있는 바이러스(virus) 등이 이에 속한다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">이들은 지구상 어디에서나 습기가 있는 곳에는 생육할 수 있으며 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">인간생활과 밀접한 관계가 있다. </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">사람을 비롯한 동식물에 질병을 가져오는 병원미생물, 독소를 생성하여 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">식중독을 일으키는 미생물, 의식주에 관계되는 각종 물질을 변질, 부패시키는 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">원인 생물인 유해미생물도 잘 알려져 있다. 이러한 미생물의 특유한 성질을 이용하여 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">식품, 의약품 그 밖의 공업생산품 등 생산공업 에도 많이 이용하며, 간편한 시설로써 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">계속 배양시킬 수 있는 생물자원으로도 각광을 받고 있다. </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">미생물의 균주개발에는 유전자공학적인 방법이 도입되어 이용되고 있다. </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">자연계에서는 동식물의 시체, 배설물, 부후물 등을 분해하는 청소부 역할을 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">함에 따라 수질환경 및 토양의 지력보존에도 이들 미생물이 많이 이용되고 있다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">2. microorganisms as cells.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">cell은 미생물뿐 아니라 모든 유기체들의 생명에 가장 기본적인 요소이다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">cell은 membrane & cell wall 에 의해 다른 call로부터 분리되어 있다. </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">하지만 membrane에 의해 분리되어 있다고 해서 완전히 closed system 즉 cell이 서로 서로 단절되어있는 것을 뜻하는 것은 아니다. cell은 open system 으로 communicate & exchange material(with environment) 끊임없는 변화가 일어난다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">모든cell들은 4가지의 chemical components로 이루어졌다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">-protein, nucleic acid, lipids, polysaccharides로 이 모두를 macromolecule라 부른다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">macromolecules의 arrangement와 chemistry는 cell마다 다르다. </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">이것이 organism을 구분 짓는 역할을 가능하게 해준다. </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">cytoplasmic membrane은 cell의 내부와 외부를 구분 짓는 역할(barrier)을 해준다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">그리고 cell내 cytoplasm에서 cell membrane에 의해 다양한 structure 존재 가능하게 한다. 마지막으로 cell의 가장 중요한 것 중하나는 nucleus or nucleoid 이다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">이건 cell내의 핵으로써 genetic information을 가지고 있다. DNA(deoxiribose)에 저장, ribosome은 새로운 protein을 cell 내에서 합성한다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">2-1 characteristics of living systems</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">① Metabolism</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">environment와 cell 사이에서 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">물질의 transformation이 일어난다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">✩cell = open system</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">➁ Reproduction(growth)</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">하나의 cell(mother cell)에서 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">두 개의 daughter cell(딸세포)로 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">division(분화) 한다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">✩cell 차원에서는 growth 이다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">➂ Differentiation</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">새로운 substance나 structure가 형성 된다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(reproduction, dispersal, survival)</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">➃ communication</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">그들의 environment에서 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">chemical signal을 서로 주고받는다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">(다른 cell로부터의 produced된 것들이 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">확산에 의해서 이웃 cell에 전달된다.)</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">➄ movement</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">모두 다 움직일 수 있는 것은 아니다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">➅ evolution </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">character의 change를 자손에서 </span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">형질을 전달한다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">생장에 알맞은 환경에서 evolution ➝ 진화</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">그렇지 못하면 도태 되고 만다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">2-2 cell as machines and as coding devices.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">✒machine : chemical transformation</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> enzyme에 의해서 촉매반응이 일어난다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">✒cording devices : genetic information(DNA) 저장.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> reproduction동안 offspring에 전달된다.</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">✒DNA : replication, translation ➙ RNA형성 ➙ translation ➙ protein 형성</span> </p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "한컴바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; COLOR: #000000; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "한컴바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><br /></span></p><p style="FONT-SIZE: 13px; MARGIN: 0px; COLOR: #000000; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; LINE-HEIGHT: 21px; FONT-FAMILY: "한컴바탕"; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"> </p></span></p>
