Difference between revisions of "DNA절단(deletion)"
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− | + | <strong><font size="3">[[제한효소]]를 이용한 DNA의 절단</font></strong> <br /><br />제한효소 1 unit는 1 mg의 DNA를 최적 온도에서 한 시간에 절단할 수 있는 양을 말한다. 상품화된 효소는 효소마다 각각 다르지만 대개 10 units/ml 내외의 농도로 공급된다. <br /><br />제한효소 처리 반응은 절단하려고 하는 DNA, 반응완충용액, 제한효소로 구성이 되는데 성분에 대하여 다음과 같은 점들을 고려하여야 할 것이다. <br /><br />1) 자를 DNA 내에 제한효소로 잘리는 부위가 몇 개인지 파악한다. 같은 양의 DNA에 제한효소 절단부위가 무수히 많을 수도 있고 또는 없을 수도 있는데 이들 경우에 같은 양의 특정부위를 자르는 효소작용을 기대할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 효소가 절단하는 위치를 정확히 알아야 한다. <br /><br />2) Linear DNA의 끝부분을 자를 때 효소에 따라서 인식서열에 몇 개의 염기가 더 붙어 있어야만 잘리는 것들이 있음을 주의한다. 이는 plasmid vector의 multiple cloning site를 두가지 효소로 자르는 경우에도 고려해야 할 사항이다. <br /><br />3) DNA의 순수도는 제한효소 처리 효율에 상당히 중요하다. DNA 용액 내에 단백질이 남아있는 경우는 보다 많은 양의 효소가 필요로 하게 된다. Phenol과 같은 유기용매가 남은 경우는 제한효소에 잘리지 않는 DNA가 남는 경우가 많다. <br /><br />4) 각각의 제한효소는 반응완충용액(reaction buffer)의 조성 및 활성화 되는 온도 등 각각에 알맞은 반응 조건이 있으며, 제조회사의 안내서에 이 내용이 잘 기록되어 있으므로 잘 읽어보고 사용해야 한다. 어느 회사의 제품이건 효소를 구입할 때 그 효소에 적합한 반응완충용액이 같이 지급되므로 별 어려움 없이 그대로 사용할 수 있으며 대개 10배 농축된 형태(10x)로 만들어져 있으므로 반응액을 조합할 때 10배 희석하는 형태로 반응액을 조성한다. <br /><br />5) 반응 조건이 최적이 아닌 경우에는 더 많은 양의 효소를 사용해야 하는데 두 가지 이상의 효소로 자르는 경우 (효소들의 최적 조건이 다를 때)에 중요하다. 때에 따라서는 이런 경우에 star activity라 불리는 현상(비 특이적으로 아무 곳이나 다 잘리는 현상)이 나타날 수도 있으므로 주의해야 한다. <br /><br />6) 효소가 인식부위를 자르는 데에 있어서 같은 인식부위라도 주위 염기서열에 따라 그 활성도가 다를 수 있으므로 DNA 양으로 계산한 효소 양보다 조금 더 많이 넣어주는 것이 좋다. 필요할 때는 제한효소 처리 중에 조금씩 덜어 전기영동으로 monitor할 수도 있다. <br /><br /><strong><font size="3">실험방법 <br /></font></strong><br />1. 절단하고자 하는 DNA 5 mg <br /> 10x 반응완충용액 2 ml <br /> Bam HI 제한효소 (10 units/ml) 1 ml <br /> 증류수 up to 20 ml <br />위와 같은 혼합물을 시험관에 넣을 때에는 보통 효소를 가장 마지막에 넣는 것이 효과적이다. <br />효소 원액에는 glycerol이 들어있기 때문에 점도가 높아서 pipetting할 때 tip 끝만 살짝 담구어서 덜어내어야 tip 주위에 효소가 많이 뭍어나오는 것을 막을 수 있으며 효소량이 반응 총액의 10%를 넘으면 효소 활성이 glycerol에 의해 억제될 수 있기 때문에 주의해야 한다. <br /><br />효소는 -20°C에서 50% glycerol이 들어있는 완충액내에서 안정하게 존재하므로 반드시 냉동실에 보관하고 실온에 노출되는 시간을 가능한 한 줄이는게 가장 효과가 좋다. <br /><br />2. 기포가 생기지 않게 주의하면서 섞어야 한다. 섞는 방법은 pipette을 up-down하는 방법, 손가락 끝으로 가볍게 툭툭 치는 방법(tapping), 부드럽게 vortex하는 방법 등이 주로 쓰이게 된다. <br /><br />3. 약 3~5초간 원침(brief centrifuge)하여 반응할 재료들이 바닥에 모이도록 해야한다. <br /><br />4. 37°C(효소에 따라서 다를 수 있음)에서 적당 시간 반응시켜 DNA가 충분히 절단되도록 하는데 1~2 시간 반응시킨다. <br /><br />5. 반응액에 전기영동 완충용액을 첨가하여 agarose gel 전기영동을 시행하거나 또는 혼합액을 불 활성화 시키기 위하여 65°C로 20분동안 가열하거나 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0)을 최종농도 10~50 mM 되도록 첨가한다. <br /><br />불활성화 온도는 효소마다 조금씩 다르므로(65~85°C) 제조회사의 안내서를 참고 한다. EDTA 용액을 이용하는 방법은 자른 DNA를 사용하여 곧바로 다른 반응을 해야 할 경우에는 반응을 억제할 수 있으므로 피하여야 한다. 다른 반응으로 들어가는 경우는 반응액 내에 있는 단백질(효소) 및 salt의 제거를 위해서 phenol/chloroform 추출을 한 후 ethanol로 침전시키는 방법도 있지만 DNA 양이 적을 때는 손실의 우려가 있다. 최근에는 여러 회사에서 판매되는 DNA purification kit 들이 있으므로 이를 사용하는 것도 좋다. DNA를 바로 전기영동할 때는 불활성화시킬 필요가 없다. <br /><br />DNA sample이 잘 잘리지 않은 경우 다음과 같은 사항을 검사해 본다. <br />1) 효소가 활성화 되지 않는다. (오래된 효소인 경우일수록 활성이 감소해 있을 수 있고 또는 상온에 오래 있었거나 보관 상태가 불량한 경우가 많다. 이 경우는 test DNA를 함께 잘라 봄으로써 검사한다.) <br />2) DNA가 순수하지 못할때 (Salt, polyethylene glycol, protein, EDTA, phenol, SDS, residual ethanol 등이 남은 경우 흔히 발생하는 부분으로 이 경우는 phenol/chloroform 추출-ethanol 침전-70% ethanol wash를 다시 시행하여 제한효소 처리함으로써 좋은 결과를 볼 수 있다. 반응액에 2 mM spermidine을 첨가해 주면 더 효과를 볼 수 있다.) <br />3) DNA가 완전히 용해되어 있지 않거나 너무 점성이 크거나 진하다. (이런 경우는 커다란 genomic DNA에서 잘 발생되는데 잘 녹이고 더 묽게 하여 자른다.) <br />4) DNA가 denaturation 되어있다. (적당한 salt나 MgCl2같은 것이 없는 상태에서 60~70° )<br /><br /> | |
+ | <p><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">1) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이용한</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">절단</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 1 unit</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">는</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 1 </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">㎍의</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최적</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">온도에서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">시간에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">절단할</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">양으로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">상품화된</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">대개</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 10 units/</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">㎕</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">내외의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">농도로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">공급된다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">절단하려고</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">하는</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응완충용액</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">구성되는데</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다음과</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">같은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">점들을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">고려해야</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(1) DNA</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">순수도가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효율에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">중요하다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. DNA </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">용액</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">내에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">단백질이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">남아있는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">많은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">양의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">필요하고</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> Phenol</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">과</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">같은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">유기용매가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">남은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">잘리지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">않는</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">남는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">많다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /> </span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(2) Linear DNA</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">끝</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">부분을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">따라서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">인식서열에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">몇</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">개의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">염기가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">더</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">붙</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">어</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있어야만</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">잘리는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">것들이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">그러므로</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> plasmid vector</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> multiple cloning site</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자르는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우와</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> PCR primer</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">인식부위를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">넣어</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> design</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">할</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반드시</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">고려해야</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(3) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자를</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">내에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">잘리는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">부위가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">몇</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">개가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">되는지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">파악한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(4) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소마다의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최적온도</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응완충용액</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> (reaction buffer)</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조성</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">및</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">불활성화</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">온도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">등</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">알맞은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조건에서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">시행한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(5) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조건이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최적이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">아닌</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우에는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">더</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">많은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">양의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사용해야</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소들의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최적</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조건이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다른</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이상의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자르는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">비</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">특이적으로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">아무</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">곳이나</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">잘리는</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> star activity</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">라</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">불리는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">현상이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">나타날</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있으므로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">주의해야</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(6) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">인식부위를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자르는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">데에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있어서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">같은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">인식부위라도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">주위</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">염기서열에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">따라</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">그</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">활</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">성도가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있으므로</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">양으로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">계산한</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">양보다</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조금</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">더</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">많이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">넣어주는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">것</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">좋다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"><br /> 2) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이용한</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> DNA</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">절단</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(1) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">잘리는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">부위가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">너무</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가깝지나</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">않은지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">상세히</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">실험</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> design</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">검토해</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">본다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(2) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응조건을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">검토해본다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">절단은</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> One-phor-all buffer</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사용하는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">것이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가장</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">쉽고</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">빠른</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">방</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">법이다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. One-phor-all buffer (Pharmacia)</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">란</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">대부분의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">적당하도록</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">그</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조성을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">결정하여</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">만든</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> buffer</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이며</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">따라서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최종으로</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 10</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">배</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">또는</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 5</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">배</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> (</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">드물게</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 20</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">배도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있음</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">희석하여</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사용할</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">그러므로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수많은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">중에서</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 10</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">배</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">희석하여</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">쓰는</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> group</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소들끼리</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, 5</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">배</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">희석</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소들끼리는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">쉽게</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최적</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조건이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">맞추어질</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(3) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">제한효소의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">고유</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조건이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">같으면</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">고유</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> buffer</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">쓴다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(4) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소의</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> buffer</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다르면</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> One-phor-all buffer</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조건을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">맞추어</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">본다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(5) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">위의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사항에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">모두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">맞지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">않는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">어쩔</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">수</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">없이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">하나씩</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리해야</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이런</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다음과</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">같은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">방법이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">먼저</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">낮은</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> salt </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">농도에서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">활성이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">있는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">먼저</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자른</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">후</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다음에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리할</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응액의</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> salt </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">농도에</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">맞게</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 1 M NaCl</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">소량</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">첨가하여</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조정한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">혹은</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">, </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">자른</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">후에</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> phenol-chloroform </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">추출을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">시행한</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">후</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">침전하고</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다음</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응시킨다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(6) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">시약</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">회사에서</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">추천하는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">완충용액의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">종류가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다른</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우에는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">활성이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">약한</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">완충용액을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">용하는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">양을</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">증가시켜</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사용해도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">무방하다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">.<br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(7) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">사용하는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우에도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소량이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">총액의</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> 10%</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">넘지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">않도록</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">한다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. <br /></span></font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">(8) </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">최적온도가</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">다른</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">가지</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">효소를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리하는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">반응액의</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">조성은</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">그대로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">두고</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">온도를</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">번갈아</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리해도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">되지만</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">경우에도</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">따로따로</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">처리하는</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">것이</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'"> </span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><font face="굴림">바람직하다</font></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">. </span></font></p> | ||
+ | <p> </p> | ||
+ | <br /> |
Latest revision as of 09:41, 9 March 2006
제한효소를 이용한 DNA의 절단
제한효소 1 unit는 1 mg의 DNA를 최적 온도에서 한 시간에 절단할 수 있는 양을 말한다. 상품화된 효소는 효소마다 각각 다르지만 대개 10 units/ml 내외의 농도로 공급된다.
제한효소 처리 반응은 절단하려고 하는 DNA, 반응완충용액, 제한효소로 구성이 되는데 성분에 대하여 다음과 같은 점들을 고려하여야 할 것이다.
1) 자를 DNA 내에 제한효소로 잘리는 부위가 몇 개인지 파악한다. 같은 양의 DNA에 제한효소 절단부위가 무수히 많을 수도 있고 또는 없을 수도 있는데 이들 경우에 같은 양의 특정부위를 자르는 효소작용을 기대할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 효소가 절단하는 위치를 정확히 알아야 한다.
2) Linear DNA의 끝부분을 자를 때 효소에 따라서 인식서열에 몇 개의 염기가 더 붙어 있어야만 잘리는 것들이 있음을 주의한다. 이는 plasmid vector의 multiple cloning site를 두가지 효소로 자르는 경우에도 고려해야 할 사항이다.
3) DNA의 순수도는 제한효소 처리 효율에 상당히 중요하다. DNA 용액 내에 단백질이 남아있는 경우는 보다 많은 양의 효소가 필요로 하게 된다. Phenol과 같은 유기용매가 남은 경우는 제한효소에 잘리지 않는 DNA가 남는 경우가 많다.
4) 각각의 제한효소는 반응완충용액(reaction buffer)의 조성 및 활성화 되는 온도 등 각각에 알맞은 반응 조건이 있으며, 제조회사의 안내서에 이 내용이 잘 기록되어 있으므로 잘 읽어보고 사용해야 한다. 어느 회사의 제품이건 효소를 구입할 때 그 효소에 적합한 반응완충용액이 같이 지급되므로 별 어려움 없이 그대로 사용할 수 있으며 대개 10배 농축된 형태(10x)로 만들어져 있으므로 반응액을 조합할 때 10배 희석하는 형태로 반응액을 조성한다.
5) 반응 조건이 최적이 아닌 경우에는 더 많은 양의 효소를 사용해야 하는데 두 가지 이상의 효소로 자르는 경우 (효소들의 최적 조건이 다를 때)에 중요하다. 때에 따라서는 이런 경우에 star activity라 불리는 현상(비 특이적으로 아무 곳이나 다 잘리는 현상)이 나타날 수도 있으므로 주의해야 한다.
6) 효소가 인식부위를 자르는 데에 있어서 같은 인식부위라도 주위 염기서열에 따라 그 활성도가 다를 수 있으므로 DNA 양으로 계산한 효소 양보다 조금 더 많이 넣어주는 것이 좋다. 필요할 때는 제한효소 처리 중에 조금씩 덜어 전기영동으로 monitor할 수도 있다.
실험방법
1. 절단하고자 하는 DNA 5 mg
10x 반응완충용액 2 ml
Bam HI 제한효소 (10 units/ml) 1 ml
증류수 up to 20 ml
위와 같은 혼합물을 시험관에 넣을 때에는 보통 효소를 가장 마지막에 넣는 것이 효과적이다.
효소 원액에는 glycerol이 들어있기 때문에 점도가 높아서 pipetting할 때 tip 끝만 살짝 담구어서 덜어내어야 tip 주위에 효소가 많이 뭍어나오는 것을 막을 수 있으며 효소량이 반응 총액의 10%를 넘으면 효소 활성이 glycerol에 의해 억제될 수 있기 때문에 주의해야 한다.
효소는 -20°C에서 50% glycerol이 들어있는 완충액내에서 안정하게 존재하므로 반드시 냉동실에 보관하고 실온에 노출되는 시간을 가능한 한 줄이는게 가장 효과가 좋다.
2. 기포가 생기지 않게 주의하면서 섞어야 한다. 섞는 방법은 pipette을 up-down하는 방법, 손가락 끝으로 가볍게 툭툭 치는 방법(tapping), 부드럽게 vortex하는 방법 등이 주로 쓰이게 된다.
3. 약 3~5초간 원침(brief centrifuge)하여 반응할 재료들이 바닥에 모이도록 해야한다.
4. 37°C(효소에 따라서 다를 수 있음)에서 적당 시간 반응시켜 DNA가 충분히 절단되도록 하는데 1~2 시간 반응시킨다.
5. 반응액에 전기영동 완충용액을 첨가하여 agarose gel 전기영동을 시행하거나 또는 혼합액을 불 활성화 시키기 위하여 65°C로 20분동안 가열하거나 0.5 M EDTA (pH 8.0)을 최종농도 10~50 mM 되도록 첨가한다.
불활성화 온도는 효소마다 조금씩 다르므로(65~85°C) 제조회사의 안내서를 참고 한다. EDTA 용액을 이용하는 방법은 자른 DNA를 사용하여 곧바로 다른 반응을 해야 할 경우에는 반응을 억제할 수 있으므로 피하여야 한다. 다른 반응으로 들어가는 경우는 반응액 내에 있는 단백질(효소) 및 salt의 제거를 위해서 phenol/chloroform 추출을 한 후 ethanol로 침전시키는 방법도 있지만 DNA 양이 적을 때는 손실의 우려가 있다. 최근에는 여러 회사에서 판매되는 DNA purification kit 들이 있으므로 이를 사용하는 것도 좋다. DNA를 바로 전기영동할 때는 불활성화시킬 필요가 없다.
DNA sample이 잘 잘리지 않은 경우 다음과 같은 사항을 검사해 본다.
1) 효소가 활성화 되지 않는다. (오래된 효소인 경우일수록 활성이 감소해 있을 수 있고 또는 상온에 오래 있었거나 보관 상태가 불량한 경우가 많다. 이 경우는 test DNA를 함께 잘라 봄으로써 검사한다.)
2) DNA가 순수하지 못할때 (Salt, polyethylene glycol, protein, EDTA, phenol, SDS, residual ethanol 등이 남은 경우 흔히 발생하는 부분으로 이 경우는 phenol/chloroform 추출-ethanol 침전-70% ethanol wash를 다시 시행하여 제한효소 처리함으로써 좋은 결과를 볼 수 있다. 반응액에 2 mM spermidine을 첨가해 주면 더 효과를 볼 수 있다.)
3) DNA가 완전히 용해되어 있지 않거나 너무 점성이 크거나 진하다. (이런 경우는 커다란 genomic DNA에서 잘 발생되는데 잘 녹이고 더 묽게 하여 자른다.)
4) DNA가 denaturation 되어있다. (적당한 salt나 MgCl2같은 것이 없는 상태에서 60~70° )
1) 제한효소를 이용한 DNA의 절단
제한효소 1 unit는 1 ㎍의 DNA를 최적 온도에서 한 시간에 절단할 수 있는 양으로 상품화된 효소는 대개 10 units/㎕ 내외의 농도로 공급된다.
제한효소 처리 반응은 절단하려고 하는 DNA, 반응완충용액, 제한효소로 구성되는데 다음과 같은 점들을 고려해야 한다.
(1) DNA의 순수도가 제한효소 처리 효율에 중요하다. DNA 용액 내에 단백질이 남아있는 경우는 많은 양의 효소가 필요하고 Phenol과 같은 유기용매가 남은 경우는 제한효소에 잘리지 않는 DNA가 남는 경우가 많다.
(2) Linear DNA의 끝 부분을 자를 경우, 효소에 따라서 인식서열에 몇 개의 염기가 더 붙 어 있어야만 잘리는 것들이 있다. 그러므로 plasmid vector의 multiple cloning site를 두 가지 효소로 자르는 경우와 PCR primer에 제한효소 인식부위를 넣어 design할 경우에 반드시 고려해야 한다.
(3) 자를 DNA 내에 제한효소로 잘리는 부위가 몇 개가 되는지 파악한다.
(4) 제한효소마다의 최적온도, 반응완충용액 (reaction buffer)의 조성 및 불활성화 온도 등 에 알맞은 반응 조건에서 시행한다.
(5) 반응 조건이 최적이 아닌 경우에는 더 많은 양의 효소를 사용해야 한다. 이는 효소들의 최적 조건이 다른 두 가지 이상의 효소로 자르는 경우, 비 특이적으로 아무 곳이나 다 잘리는 star activity라 불리는 현상이 나타날 수도 있으므로 주의해야 한다.
(6) 효소가 인식부위를 자르는 데에 있어서 같은 인식부위라도 주위 염기서열에 따라 그 활 성도가 다를 수 있으므로 DNA 양으로 계산한 효소 양보다 조금 더 많이 넣어주는 것 이 좋다.
2) 두 가지 제한효소를 이용한 DNA의 절단
(1) 제한효소로 잘리는 부위가 너무 가깝지나 않은지 상세히 실험 design을 검토해 본다.
(2) 두 제한효소의 반응조건을 검토해본다.
두 가지 제한 효소의 절단은 One-phor-all buffer를 사용하는 것이 가장 쉽고 빠른 방 법이다. One-phor-all buffer (Pharmacia)란 대부분의 제한효소에 적당하도록 그 조성을 결정하여 만든 buffer이며, 제한효소에 따라서 최종으로 10배 또는 5배 (드물게 20배도 있음) 희석하여 사용할 수 있다. 그러므로 수많은 효소 중에서 10배 희석하여 쓰는 group의 제한효소들끼리, 5배 희석 효소들끼리는 쉽게 최적 조건이 맞추어질 수 있다.
(3) 두 제한효소의 고유 조건이 같으면 고유 buffer를 쓴다.
(4) 두 효소의 buffer가 다르면 One-phor-all buffer의 조건을 맞추어 본다.
(5) 위의 사항에 모두 맞지 않는 경우는 어쩔 수 없이 하나씩 처리해야 한다. 이런 경우는 다음과 같은 방법이 있다. 먼저 낮은 salt 농도에서 활성이 있는 효소로 먼저 자른 후 다음에 처리할 효소 반응액의 salt 농도에 맞게 1 M NaCl을 소량 첨가하여 조정한다. 혹은, 한 가지 효소로 자른 후에 phenol-chloroform 추출을 시행한 후 침전하고 다음 효소를 반응시킨다.
(6) 시약 회사에서 추천하는 완충용액의 종류가 다른 경우에는 활성이 약한 완충용액을 사 용하는 경우 효소의 양을 증가시켜 사용해도 무방하다.
(7) 두 가지 효소를 사용하는 경우에도 효소량이 반응 총액의 10%를 넘지 않도록 한다.
(8) 최적온도가 다른 두 가지 효소를 처리하는 경우 반응액의 조성은 그대로 두고 온도를 번갈아 처리해도 되지만 이 경우에도 따로따로 처리하는 것이 바람직하다.