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<font size="2"p><table id="table120" style="MARGIN: 0px -8px; border-spacing: 8px" width="100%"strong> Immunology<tbody/strong> <tr> <td class="MainPageBG" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(102is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. It deals with,153among other things,255) 1px solidthe physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and disease; BORDER-TOP: rgbmalfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (102,153[[autoimmune diseases]],255) 1px solid; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(102[[hypersensitivities]],153[[immune deficiency]],255[[allograft rejection]]) 1px solid; COLOR: rgb(0the physical,0chemical and physiological characteristics of the components of the immune system in vitro,0); BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(102in situ,153and in vivo. Immunology has various applications in several disciplines of science,255) 1px solidand as such is further divided.</p><p> BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(153,204,255)" colspan="2"</p><h2><font sizespan class="2mw-headline">Histological examination of the immune system<strong/span><font face="Verdana" size="5"/h2> <font color="#3366ff"p>Immunology:Even before the concept of immunity (from </fontem>immunis</font></strong></fontem>, Latin for "exempt") was developed, numerous early physicians characterised organs that would later prove to be part of the immune system. The key organs of the immune system are thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lymph vessels, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues such as tonsils, adenoids, and skin. When health conditions warrant, immune system organs including the thymus, spleen, portions of bone marrow, lymph nodes and secondary lymphatic tissues can be surgically excised for examination while patients are still alive.</tdp> </trp> Many components of the immune system are actually cellular in nature and not associated with any specific organ but rather are embedded or circulating in various tissues located throughout the body.</p><p> <tr/p> <td h2><span class="MainPageBGmw-headline" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(102>Classical immunology</span></h2><p>Classical immunology ties in with the fields of epidemiology and medicine. It studies the relationship between the body systems,153pathogens,255) 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: rgb(102and immunity. The earliest written mention of immunity can be traced back to the plague of Athens in 430 BCE. Thucydides noted that people who had recovered from a previous bout of the disease could nurse the sick without contracting the illness a second time. Many other ancient societies have references to this phenomenon,153but it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries before the concept developed into scientific theory.</p><p>The study of the molecular and cellular components that comprise the immune system,255) 1px solid; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(102including their function and interaction,153is the central science of immunology. The immune system has been divided into a more primitive innate immune system,255) 1px solid; COLOR: rgb(0and acquired or adaptive immune system of vertebrates,0,0); BORDER-BOTTOM: rgbthe latter of which is further divided into humoral and cellular components.</p><p>The humoral (102,153,255antibody) 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgbresponse is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells (206B lymphocytes). Antigens are defined as anything that elicits generation of antibodies,223,242)" width="82%"hence they are <strong>Anti</strong>body <font size="2"strong> - 병원체Gen</strong>erators. Immunology itself rests on an understanding of the properties of these two biological entities. However, equally important is the cellular response, 숙주which can not only kill infected cells in its own right, 감염 과정but is also crucial in controlling the antibody response. Put simply, 면역의 기구나 수단을 연구하는 학문both systems are highly interdependent.<br /p> <br /p> - 의학의 한 분야In the 21st century, immunology has broadened its horizons with much research being performed in the more specialized niches of immunology. This includes the immunological function of cells, organs and systems not normally associated with the immune system, as well as the function of the immune system outside classical models of immunity.<br /p> <br /p> - 제너의 종두법 연구를 선두로 하여 19세기 말부터 급속히 발달</font> <br /> <br </p> <ph2><font sizespan class="2mw-headline"> - 이 페이지에서는 면역학에 대한 자세한 내용을 소개하며 Clinical immunology</span><strong/h2><font color="#ff0000"p>면역Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, 암 관련 논문and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, 기사where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features.</fontp></strongp>에 대해서도 소개한다. The diseases caused by disorders of the immune system fall into two broad categories: immunodeficiency, in which parts of the immune system fail to provide an adequate response (examples include chronic granulomatous disease), and autoimmunity, in which the immune system attacks its own host's body (examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's disease and myasthenia gravis). Other immune system disorders include different hypersensitivities, in which the system responds inappropriately to harmless compounds (asthma and allergies) or responds too intensely.</fontp><p>The most well-known disease that affects the immune system itself is AIDS, caused by HIV. AIDS is an immunodeficiency characterized by the lack of CD4+ ("helper") T cells and macrophages, which are destroyed by HIV.</p> <p>Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent transplant rejection, in which the immune system attempts to destroy allografts or xenografts.</tdp> <td classp> </p><h2><span class="MainPageBGmw-headline" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(102,153,255>Immunotherapy</span></h2><p>The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy. Immunotherapy is most commonly used in the context of the treatment of cancers together with chemotherapy (drugs) 1px solid; BORDER-TOP: rgband radiotherapy (102radiation). However,153,255immunotherapy is also often used in the immunosuppressed (such as HIV patients) 1px solid; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(102,153,255) 1px solidand people suffering from other immune deficiencies or autoimmune diseases.</p><p> COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(102,153,255) 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(206,223,242)" width</p><h2><span class="17%mw-headline"> [[image:Tool_main.jpg]]Diagnostic immunology</tdspan> </trh2> </tbodyp>The specificity of the bond between antibody and antigen has made it an excellent tool in the detection of substances in a variety of diagnostic techniques. Antibodies specific for a desired antigen can be conjugated with a radiolabel, fluorescent label, or color-forming enzyme and are used as a "probe" to detect it.</tablep><table id="table122" style="MARGIN: 0px -8pxp> border-spacing: 8px" height="10" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"</p> <tbodyh2> <tr> <td span class="MainPageBG" style="VERTICALmw-ALIGN: middle; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)headline">Evolutionary immunology</span></h2> <p align="right">Study of the immune system in extant and extinct species is capable of giving us a key understanding of the evolution of species and the immune system.</p><font color="#6699ff" size="2"p>Categories A-Z index development of complexity of the immune system can be seen from simple phagocytotic protection of single celled organisms, to circulating antimicrobial peptides in insects to lymphoid organs in vertebrates. Of course, like much of evolutionary observation, these physical properties are often seen from the anthropocentric aspect. It should be recognised, that every organism living today has an immune system absolutely capable of protecting it from most forms of harm; [[Wiki-Help]] </fontthose organisms that did not adapt their immune systems to external threats are no longer around to be observed.</p><p>Insects and other arthropods, while not possessing true adaptive immunity, show highly evolved systems of innate immunity, and are additionally protected from external injury (and exposure to pathogens) by their chitinous shells.</p> </tdh2> </trspan class="mw-headline"> See also</tbodyspan></tableh2></fontul> <table id="table124" style="MARGIN: 0px -8px; border-spacing: 8px" width="100%"li>immune system</li> <tbodyli>autoimmunity</li> <li>list of immunologists</li> <li>history of immunology<tr/li> <td class="MainPageBG" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(206,242,224) 1px solidli>serology</li> <li>Immunodeficiency</li></ul><p> BORDER-TOP: rgb(206,242,224) 1px solid; VERTICAL</p><h2><span class="mw-ALIGN: top; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(206,242,224) 1px solid; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(206,242,224) 1px solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(245,255,250)"headline">References</span></h2> <table id="table127" cellspacingul> <li><a class="5external text" cellpaddingtitle="2http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Immunology" widthrel="100%nofollow" borderhref="0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Immunology"> Wikibooks Immunology Textbook<tbody/a> <tr/li> <td colspan="2"li> Goldsby RA, Kindt TK, Osborne BA and Kuby J (2003) </tdstrong> Immunology</trstrong> <tr> , 5th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York, New York, <td widtha class="46%internal" bgcolorhref="#cef2e0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0716749475">ISBN 0-7167-4947-5<strong/a><font face="Verdana" size="2"/li>Immunology Lecture</fontul></strongp> </tdp> <td widthh2><span class="46%" bgcolor="#cef2e0mw-headline">External links<strong><font face="Verdana" size="2">Immunology, Cancer 관련 지식 창고</font></strong/span></tdh2> </trul> <trli> <td widtha class="46%external text" bgcolortitle="#ccffcc"><strong><font face="Verdanahttp://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcimmunol/" colorrel="#0000ffnofollow" sizehref="2http://www.biomedcentral.com/bmcimmunol/">ContentsBMC: Immunology</fonta>- </strong></td> <td width="46%a title="BioMed Central" bgcolorhref="#ccffcchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioMed_Central">BioMed Central<strong/a>:Immunology is an <font facea title="VerdanaOpen access journal" colorhref="#0000ff" size="2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access_journal">Journalopen access journal</font></stronga>publishing original peer-reviewed research articles.</tdli> </tr> <trli> <td widtha title="46%Nature Reviews Immunology"><font facehref="Verdanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature_Reviews_Immunology" color>Nature Reviews Immunology</a> (<a class="#0000ffexternal text" sizetitle="2">[[Part 1http://www.nature. Introduction]]<com/font><nri/td> <td widthindex.html" rel="46%nofollow"><font facehref="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2http://www.nature.com/nri/index.html">journal home</fonta>)</tdli> </trli> <tr> <td widtha class="46%external text"><font facetitle="Verdanahttp://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/esimmuno/progmenu.htm" colorrel="#0000ffnofollow" sizehref="2http://www.lib.mcg.edu/edu/esimmuno/progmenu.htm">[[Part 2. Generation of B-Cell, T-Cell Responses]]</font><Overview</tda> at <td widtha title="46%Medical College of Georgia"><font facehref="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_College_of_Georgia">Medical College of Georgia</a><br /font> </tdli> </trul> <trhr /> <td width="46%"p><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2">br />[[Part 3. Immune Effector Mechanisms면역학]]</font></tdp> <td width="46%"p><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2">[[Part 4. The Immune System in Health and Diseases]]</font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%" bgcolor="#ccffcc"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><strong>Glossary</strong></font></td> <td width="46%" bgcolor="#ccffcc"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><strong>Article</strong></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2">[[A]] l [[B]] l [[C]] l [[D]] l [[E]] l [[F]] l [[G]] l [[H]] l [[I]] l [[J]] l [[K]] l [[L]] l [[M]] </font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff">[[N]] l [[O]] l [[P]] l [[Q]] l [[R]] l [[S]] l [[T]] l [[U]] l [[V]] l [[W]] l [[X]] l [[Y]] l [[Z]] </font></span></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></span></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: KO; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: 바탕; mso-hansi-font-family: 바탕; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: KO; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 굴림; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff"></font></span></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> <td width="46%"><font face="Verdana" color="#0000ff" size="2"></font></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table><p><font face="Verdana" size="2">[http://www.kobic.re.kr KOBIC]</font><br /> </p>
