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<p>Since <a title="1500" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1500">1500</a>, over 140 species of <strong><a title="Bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird">birds</a></strong> have become <strong><a title="Extinct" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extinct">extinct</a></strong>, and this rate of extinction seems to be increasing. The situation is exemplified by <a title="Hawai‘i" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i">Hawai‘i</a>, where 30% of all known recently extinct species originally lived. Other areas, such as <a title="Guam" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam">Guam</a>, have also been hard hit; Guam has lost over 60% of its native species in the last 30 years, many of them due to the introduced <a title="Brown Tree Snake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Tree_Snake">Brown Tree Snake</a>.</p>
<p>There are today about 10,000 species of birds, with roughly 1200 considered to be under threat of extinction. Except for a dozen or so species the threat is man-made.</p>
<p>Island species in general, and flightless island species in particular are most at risk. The disproportionate number of <a title="Rail (bird)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_%28bird%29">rails</a> in the list reflects the tendency of that family to lose the ability to fly when geographically isolated. Even more rails became extinct before they could be described by scientists; these taxa are listed in <a title="Later Quaternary Prehistoric Birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Quaternary_Prehistoric_Birds">Later Quaternary Prehistoric Birds</a>.</p>
<p>The <strong>extinction dates</strong> given below are usually approximations of the actual date of extinction. In some cases, more exact dates are given as it is sometimes possible to pinpoint the date of extinction to a specific year or even day (the <a title="San Benedicto Rock Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Benedicto_Rock_Wren">San Benedicto Rock Wren</a> is possibly the most extreme example - its extinction could be timed with an accuracy of maybe half an hour). Extinction dates in the literature are usually the dates of the last verified record (credible observation or specimen taken); in many Pacific birds which became extinct shortly after European contact, however, this leaves an uncertainty period of over a century because the islands on which they used to occur were only rarely visited by scientists.</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 227px"><a class="image" title="Dodo, based on Roelant Savery's 1626 painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg"><img class="thumbimage" height="244" alt="Dodo, based on Roelant Savery's 1626 painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg" width="225" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a>, based on <a title="Roelant Savery" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roelant_Savery">Roelant Savery</a>'s <a title="1626" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1626">1626</a> painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet.</div>
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<p><a id="Extinct_bird_species" name="Extinct_bird_species"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Extinct bird species</span></h2>
<p><a id="Struthioniformes" name="Struthioniformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Struthioniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struthioniformes">Struthioniformes</a></span></h3>
<p>The <a title="Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich">Ostrich</a> and related <a title="Ratites" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratites">ratites</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Elephant bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_bird">Elephant bird</a>, <em>Aepyornis maximus</em> and/or <em>A. medius</em> (Madagascar, 16th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The taxonomy of the elephant birds is not fully resolved; it is certain that at least one taxon survived until some 1000 years ago at least. Judging from geographical data, <em>A. maximus</em> and the smaller <em>A. medius</em> are possibilities. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lesser Megalapteryx" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Megalapteryx">Lesser Megalapteryx</a>, <em>Megalapteryx didinus</em> (South Island, New Zealand, late 15th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Generally believed to have been extinct by 1500, this is the only <a title="Moa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa">moa</a> species that according to current knowledge might have survived until later times, possibly as late as the 1830s. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="King Island Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Island_Emu">King Island Emu</a>, <em>Dromaius ater</em> (King Island, Australia, 1822) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Extinct in the wild c.1805, the last captive specimen died in 1822 in the <a title="Jardin des Plantes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_des_Plantes">Jardin des Plantes</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kangaroo Island Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_Island_Emu">Kangaroo Island Emu</a>, <em>Dromaius baudinianus</em> (Kangaroo Island, Australia, 1827) </li>
<li>West Coast Spotted Kiwi, <em>Apteryx occidentalis</em> (South Island, New Zealand, c.1900) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtful form known from a single bird; may be a <a title="Little Spotted Kiwi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Spotted_Kiwi">Little Spotted Kiwi</a> subspecies or a hybrid between that species and the <a title="Rowi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowi">rowi</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><br />
</p>
<p><a id="Anseriformes" name="Anseriformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Anseriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck">Ducks</a>, <a title="Goose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose">geese</a> and <a title="Swan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan">swans</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Korean Crested Shelduck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Crested_Shelduck">Korean Crested Shelduck</a>, <em>Tadorna cristata</em> (Northeast Asia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Relict" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relict">relict species</a> from Northeast Asia. Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a> due to recent unconfirmed reports. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Shelduck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Shelduck">Réunion Shelduck</a>, <em>Alopochen kervazoi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1690s) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritian Shelduck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Shelduck">Mauritian Shelduck</a>, <em>Alopochen mauritianus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, late 1690s) </li>
<li><a title="Amsterdam Island Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Island_Duck">Amsterdam Island Duck</a>, <em>Anas marecula</em> (Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, c.1800) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritian Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Duck">Mauritian Duck</a>, <em>Anas theodori</em> (Mauritius and Réunion, Mascarenes, late 1690s) </li>
<li><a title="Mariana Mallard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Mallard">Mariana Mallard</a>, <em>Anas oustaleti</em> (Marianas, West Pacific, 1981) </li>
<li><a title="Finsch's Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsch%27s_Duck">Finsch's Duck</a>, <em>Chenonetta finschi</em> from New Zealand possibly survived to 1870 </li>
<li><a title="Pink-headed Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink-headed_Duck">Pink-headed Duck</a>, <em>Netta caryophyllacea</em> (East India, Bangladesh, North Myanmar, 1945?) -formerly <em>Rhodonessa</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>; recent surveys have failed to rediscover it. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Réunion Pochard, <em>Aythya</em> cf. <em>innotata</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1690s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A bone of a pochard found on Réunion seems to resolve the reports of <em>canards</em> other than the <a title="Mauritian Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Duck">Mauritian Duck</a> having occurred on the island. The taxonomic status of this form cannot be resolved until more material is found, however. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Labrador Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrador_Duck">Labrador Duck</a>, <em>Camptorhynchus labradorius</em> (Northeast North America, c.1880) </li>
<li><a title="Auckland Islands Merganser" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Islands_Merganser">Auckland Islands Merganser</a>, <em>Mergus australis</em> (Auckland Islands, Southwest Pacific, c.1902) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Galliformes" name="Galliformes"></a></p>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Galliformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformes">Galliformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quail">Quails</a> and relatives.</p>
<ul>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Giant Scrubfowl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giant_Scrubfowl&action=edit">Giant Scrubfowl</a>, <em>Megapodius molistructor</em>, may have survived on New Caledonia to the late 18th century as evidenced by decriptions of the bird named <em>"Tetrao australis"</em> and later <em>"Megapodius andersoni"</em>. </li>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Viti Levu Scrubfowl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viti_Levu_Scrubfowl&action=edit">Viti Levu Scrubfowl</a>, <em>Megapodius amissus</em> of Viti Levu and possibly Kadavu, Fiji, may have survived to the early 19th or even the 20th century as suggested by circumstantial evidence. </li>
<li>Raoul Island Scrubfowl, <em>Megapodius</em> sp. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 1876) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A megapode is said to have inhabited Raoul Island until the population was wiped out in a volcanic eruption. It is not clear whether the birds represent a distinct taxon or derive from a prehistoric introduction by Polynesian seafarers. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="New Zealand Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Quail">New Zealand Quail</a>, <em>Coturnix novaezelandiae</em> (New Zealand, <a title="1875" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875">1875</a>) </li>
<li><a title="Himalayan Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_Quail">Himalayan Quail</a>, <em>Ophrysia superciliosa</em> (North India, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. Not recorded with certainty since 1876, but thorough surveys are still required, and there is a recent set of possible (though unlikely) sightings around <a title="Naini Tal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naini_Tal">Naini Tal</a> in 2003. A little-known native name from Western <a title="Nepal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal">Nepal</a> probably refers to this bird, but for various reasons, no survey for <em>Ophrysia</em> has ever been conducted in that country, nor is it generally assumed to occur there (due to the native name being overlooked). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="Double-banded Argus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-banded_Argus">Double-banded Argus</a>, <em>Argusianus bipunctatus</em>, was described based on a single aberrant feather piece from an unknown locality found in 1871. This is apparently a rather simple developmental aberration. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Charadriiformes" name="Charadriiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 246px"><a class="image" title="Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greatauk-london.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="393" alt="Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Greatauk-london.jpg" width="244" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greatauk-london.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a title="Great Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Auk"><font color="#810081">Great Auk</font></a> (<em>Pinguinus impennis</em>), <a title="Natural History Museum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_Museum">Natural History Museum</a>, London, England</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><a title="Shorebird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorebird">Shorebirds</a>, <a title="Gull" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull">gulls</a> and <a title="Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk">auks</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Javanese Lapwing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_Lapwing"><font color="#810081">Javanese Lapwing</font></a>, <em>Vanellus macropterus</em> (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, but as this conspicuous bird has not been recorded since 1940, it is almost certainly extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tahitian Sandpiper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahitian_Sandpiper">Tahitian Sandpiper</a>, <em>Prosobonia leucoptera</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="White-winged Sandpiper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-winged_Sandpiper">White-winged Sandpiper</a>, <em>Prosobonia ellisi</em> (Moorea, Society Islands, 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Doubtfully distinct from <em>P. leucoptera</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Eskimo Curlew" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo_Curlew">Eskimo Curlew</a>, <em>Numenius borealis</em> (Northern North America, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May still exist; officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Slender-billed Curlew" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender-billed_Curlew">Slender-billed Curlew</a>, <em>Numenius tenuirostris</em> (Western Siberia, early 2000s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May still exist; officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. A few birds were recorded in 2004, following several decades of increasing rarity. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Great Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Auk"><font color="#810081">Great Auk</font></a>, <em>Pinguinus impennis</em> (North Atlantic, early <a title="1850s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s">1850s</a>) </li>
<li><a title="Canarian Black Oystercatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarian_Black_Oystercatcher">Canarian Black Oystercatcher</a>, <em>Haematopus meadewaldoi</em> (Eastern Canary Islands, E Atlantic, c.1940?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Later sightings of black oystercatchers off <a title="Senegal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal">Senegal</a> are unlikely to refer to this sedentary species, but two records from <a title="Tenerife" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife">Tenerife</a> - the last in <a title="1981" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981">1981</a> - may do so. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Gruiformes" name="Gruiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Gruiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruiformes">Gruiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Rallidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallidae">Rails</a> and allies.<br />
"<a title="François Leguat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Leguat">Leguat</a>'s Giant" or <em>géant</em>, a hypothetical giant rail from the Mascarenes described as <em>Leguatia gigantea</em>, is based on his descriptions of flamingos, as Leguat was not familiar with their French name <em>flamand</em> or thought that it referred to other birds (it was in his time sometimes used for <a title="Spoonbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoonbill">spoonbills</a>, for example).</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Antillean Cave-rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antillean_Cave-rail&action=edit">Antillean Cave-rail</a>, <em>Nesotrochis debooyi</em> from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands possibly survived into the Modern Era. </li>
<li><a title="Hawkins' Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkins%27_Rail">Hawkins' Rail</a>, <em>Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi</em> (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Red Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rail">Red Rail</a>, <em>Aphanapteryx bonasia</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Rail">Rodrigues Rail</a>, <em>Aphanapteryx leguati</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
<li><a title="Bar-winged Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-winged_Rail">Bar-winged Rail</a>, <em>Nesoclopeus poecilopterus</em> (Fiji, Polynesia, c.1980) </li>
<li><a title="New Caledonian Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonian_Rail">New Caledonian Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus lafresnayanus</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, the last records were in 1984 and it seems that all available habitat is overrun by feral pigs and dogs which prey on this bird. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Wake Island Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_Island_Rail">Wake Island Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus wakensis</em> (Wake Island, Micronesia, 1945) </li>
<li><a title="Tahiti Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti_Rail">Tahiti Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus pacificus</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, late <a title="18th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century">18th</a> - 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Dieffenbach's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieffenbach%27s_Rail">Dieffenbach's Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus dieffenbachii</em> (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Sharpe's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe%27s_Rail">Sharpe's Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus sharpei</em> (Indonesia?, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A bird known from a single skin of unknown origin. A research project has been proposed to shed light on its relationships and possible place of origin. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Vava'u Rail, <em>Gallirallus</em> cf. <em>vekamatolu</em> (Vava'u, Tonga, early 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This bird is known only from a drawing by the 1793 <a title="Alessandro Malaspina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina">Malaspina</a> expedition, apparently depicting a species of <em>Gallirallus</em>. The 'Eua Rail, <em>Gallirallus vekamatolu</em>, is known from prehistoric bones found on <a title="'Eua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Eua">'Eua</a>, but this species is almost certainly not <em>G. vekamatolu</em>, as that bird was flightless and hence is unlikely to have settled 3 distant islands. However, it probably was a close relative. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The Norfolk Island Rail, <em>Gallirallus</em> sp. may be the bird shown on a bad watercolor illustration made around 1800 </li>
<li><a title="Chatham Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Rail">Chatham Rail</a>, <em>Cabalus modestus</em> (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, c.1900) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Réunion Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union_Rail&action=edit">Réunion Rail</a>, <em>Dryolimnas augusti</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, late 17th century) </li>
<li><a title="Red-throated Wood-rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-throated_Wood-rail">Red-throated Wood-rail</a>, <em>Aramides gutturalis</em> (Peru, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Usually considered a badly prepared specimen of the <a title="Grey-necked Wood Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey-necked_Wood_Rail">Grey-necked Wood Rail</a>, the single known individual of this bird may prove a distinct species though. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ascension Flightless Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Flightless_Crake">Ascension Flightless Crake</a>, <em>Mundia elpenor</em> (Ascension, Island, Atlantic, late 17th century) - formerly <em>Atlantisia</em> </li>
<li><a title="St Helena Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Crake">St Helena Crake</a>, <em>Porzana astrictocarpus</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
<li><a title="Laysan Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail">Laysan Rail</a>, <em>Porzana palmeri</em> (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1944) </li>
<li><a title="Hawaiian Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Rail">Hawaiian Rail</a>, <em>Porzana sandwichensis</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, c.1890) </li>
</ul>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="The Laysan Rail was a diminutive omnivore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LaysanRail.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="169" alt="The Laysan Rail was a diminutive omnivore" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/LaysanRail.jpg/250px-LaysanRail.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LaysanRail.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The <a title="Laysan Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail">Laysan Rail</a> was a diminutive <a title="Omnivore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnivore">omnivore</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kosrae Island Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosrae_Island_Crake">Kosrae Island Crake</a>, <em>Porzana monasa</em> (Kosrae, Carolines, c. mid-late 19th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Miller's Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller%27s_Crake&action=edit">Miller's Crake</a>, <em>Porzana nigra</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, c.1800) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from paintings and descriptions; taxonomic status uncertain as the material is often believed to refer to the extant <a title="Spotless Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotless_Crake">Spotless Crake</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="St Helena Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Swamphen">St Helena Swamphen</a>, <em>Aphanocrex podarces</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, 16th century) - formerly <em>Atlantisia</em> </li>
<li><a title="Lord Howe Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Swamphen">Lord Howe Swamphen</a>, <em>Porphyrio albus</em> (Lord Howe Island, SW Pacific, early 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Réunion Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Swamphen">Réunion Swamphen</a> or <em>Oiseau bleu</em>, <em>Porphyrio coerulescens</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from descriptions. Former existence of a <em>Porphyrio</em> on Réunion is fairly certain, but not proven to date. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Marquesas Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marquesas_Swamphen&action=edit">Marquesas Swamphen</a>, <em>Porphyrio paepae</em> (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May have survived to c.1900. In the lower right corner of <a title="Paul Gauguin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>'s 1902 painting <em>Le Sorcier d'Hiva Oa ou le Marquisien à la cape rouge</em> there is a bird which reminds of native descriptions of <em>P. paepae</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="North Island Takahē" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island_Takah%C4%93">North Island Takahē</a>, <em>Porphyrio mantelli</em> known from subfossil bones found on North Island, New Zealand, may have survived to 1894 or later. </li>
<li><a class="new" title="New Caledonia Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonia_Swamphen&action=edit">New Caledonia Swamphen</a>, <em>Porphyrio kukwiedei</em> from New Caledonia, Melanesia, may have survived into historic times. The native name <em>n'dino</em> is thought to refer to this bird. </li>
<li><a title="Samoan Wood Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoan_Wood_Rail">Samoan Wood Rail</a>, <em>Gallinula pacifica</em> (Savai'i, Samoa, 1907?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Probably better placed in the genus <em>Pareudiastes</em>, unconfirmed reports from the late 20th century suggest it still survives in small numbers, and therefore it is officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Makira Wood Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makira_Wood_Rail">Makira Wood Rail</a>, <em>Gallinula silvestris</em> (Makira, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from a single specimen, this rail is probably better placed in its own genus, <em>Edithornis</em>. There are some unconfirmed recent records that suggest it still survives, thus, it is officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tristan Moorhen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Moorhen">Tristan Moorhen</a>, <em>Gallinula nesiotis</em> (Tristan da Cunha, Atlantic, late 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Mascarene Coot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascarene_Coot">Mascarene Coot</a>, <em>Fulica newtoni</em> (Mauritius and Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
<li>Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Unknown rail from <a title="Amsterdam Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Island">Amsterdam Island</a>, one specimen found but not recovered. Extinct by 1800 or may have been straggler of extant species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Fernando de Noronha Rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Fernando de Noronha, W Atlantic, 16th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A distinct species of rail inhabited Fernando de Noronha island, but it has not been formally described yet. Probably was extant at Western contact. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Tahitian "Goose", ?Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Tahiti, late 18th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Early travellers to Tahiti reported a "goose" that was found in the mountains. Altogether, a species of the rail genus <em>Porphyrio</em> seems the most likely choice. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Podicipediformes" name="Podicipediformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Podicipediformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipediformes">Podicipediformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe">Grebes</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Colombian Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_Grebe">Colombian Grebe</a>, <em>Podiceps andinus</em> (Bogotá area, Colombia, 1977) </li>
<li><a title="Alaotra Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaotra_Grebe">Alaotra Grebe</a>, <em>Tachybaptus rufolavatus</em> (Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, late 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>, declined through habitat destruction and hybridization with the <a title="Little Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Grebe">Little Grebe</a>. Disappeared from only known location in the <a title="1980s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980s">1980s</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Atitlán Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atitl%C3%A1n_Grebe">Atitlán Grebe</a>, <em>Podilymbus gigas</em> (Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, 1989) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Ciconiiformes" name="Ciconiiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Ciconiiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciconiiformes">Ciconiiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron">Herons</a> and related birds.<br />
The "Painted Vulture" (<em>Sarcorhamphus sacra</em>), a <a title="Florida" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida">Floridan</a> bird supposedly similar to the King Vulture, seems based on a misidentification of the <a title="Crested Caracara" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_Caracara">Crested Caracara</a>. See <a title="King Vulture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Vulture">King Vulture</a> article for discussion.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bermuda Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_Night_Heron">Bermuda Night Heron</a>, <em>Nyctanassa carcinocatactes</em> (Bermuda, West Atlantic, 17th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Sometimes assigned to the genus <em>Nycticorax</em> </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Night_Heron">Réunion Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax duboisi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, late 17th century) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritius Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_Night_Heron">Mauritius Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax mauritianus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Night_Heron">Rodrigues Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax megacephalus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Ascension Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascension_Night_Heron&action=edit">Ascension Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax olsoni</em> (Ascension Island, Atlantic, late 16th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from subfossil bones, but the description of a flightless Ascension bird by <a title="F. André Thevet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Andr%C3%A9_Thevet">F. André Thevet</a> cannot be identified with anything other than this species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="New Zealand Little Bittern" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Little_Bittern">New Zealand Little Bittern</a>, <em>Ixobrychus novaezelandiae</em> (New Zealand, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Long considered to be vagrant individuals of the Australian <a title="Little Bittern" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Bittern">Little Bittern</a>, bones recovered from Holocene deposits indicate that this was indeed a distinct taxon, but it might not be a separate species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Sacred Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Sacred_Ibis">Réunion Sacred Ibis</a>, <em>Threskiornis solitarius</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, early 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This species was the base for the supposed "Réunion Solitaire", a supposed relative of the <a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a> and the <a title="Rodrigues Solitaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Solitaire">Rodrigues Solitaire</a>. Given the fact that ibis, but no dodo-like bones were found on <a title="Réunion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union">Réunion</a> and that old descriptions match a flightless <a title="Sacred Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Ibis">Sacred Ibis</a> quite well, the "Réunion Solitaire" hypothesis has been refuted. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Pelecaniformes" name="Pelecaniformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Pelecaniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cormorant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormorant">Cormorants</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Spectacled Cormorant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacled_Cormorant">Spectacled Cormorant</a>, <em>Phalacrocorax perspicillatus</em> (Komandorski Islands, North Pacific, c.<a title="1850" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850">1850</a>) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Procellariiformes" name="Procellariiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Procellariiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrel">Petrels</a>, <a title="Shearwater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearwater">shearwaters</a>, <a title="Albatross" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albatross">albatrosses</a> and <a title="Storm-petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm-petrel">storm-petrels</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Small St Helena Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_St_Helena_Petrel">Small St Helena Petrel</a>, <em>Bulweria bifax</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Bermuda Shearwater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda_Shearwater&action=edit">Bermuda Shearwater</a>, <em>Puffinus parvus</em> (Bermuda, West Atlantic, 16th century) </li>
<li><a title="Large St Helena Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_St_Helena_Petrel">Large St Helena Petrel</a>, <em>Pseudobulweria rupinarum</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
<li><a title="Jamaica Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_Petrel">Jamaica Petrel</a>, <em>Pterodroma caribbaea</em> (Jamaica, West Indies) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Possibly a subspecies of the <a title="Black-capped Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_Petrel">Black-capped Petrel</a>; unconfirmed reports suggest it might survive. Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><em>Pterodroma</em> cf. <em>leucoptera</em> (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A wing of a carcass similar to <a title="Gould's Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould%27s_Petrel">Gould's Petrel</a> was recovered on Mangareva in 1922, where it possibly bred. No such birds are known to exist there today. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadalupe Storm-petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Storm-petrel">Guadalupe Storm-petrel</a>, <em>Oceanodroma macrodacyla</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1910s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>, but a thorough survey in 2000 concluded the species was certainly extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Sphenisciformes" name="Sphenisciformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Sphenisciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenisciformes">Sphenisciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Penguins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguins">Penguins</a></p>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="Chatham Islands Penguin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Islands_Penguin">Chatham Islands Penguin</a>, <em>Eudyptes</em> sp. (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific), is only known from subfossil bones, but a bird kept captive at some time between 1867 and 1872 might refer to this taxon. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Columbiformes" name="Columbiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Columbiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes">Columbiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon">Pigeons</a>, doves and <a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">dodos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="St Helena Dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Dove">St Helena Dove</a>, <em>Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos</em>, possibly survived into the Modern Era. </li>
<li><a title="Passenger Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_Pigeon">Passenger Pigeon</a>, <em>Ectopistes migratorius</em> (Eastern North America, 1914) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The passenger pigeon was once probably the most common bird in the world, a single flock numbering up to several billion birds. It was hunted close to extinction for food and sport in the late 19th century. The last individual died in the <a title="Cincinnati Zoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo">Cincinnati Zoo</a> in 1914. </dd></dl>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 202px"><a class="image" title="Male Passenger Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="320" alt="Male Passenger Pigeon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg/200px-Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg" width="200" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Male Passenger Pigeon</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="Silvery Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvery_Pigeon"><font color="#810081">Silvery Pigeon</font></a>, <em>Columba argentina</em>, has not been reliably observed since 1931 and may be extinct. It is difficult to distinguish from the common <a title="Pied Imperial Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied_Imperial_Pigeon">Pied Imperial Pigeon</a>, however. </li>
<li><a title="Bonin Woodpigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Woodpigeon">Bonin Woodpigeon</a>, <em>Columba versicolor</em> (Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, c.1890) </li>
<li><a title="Ryukyu Woodpigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Woodpigeon">Ryukyu Woodpigeon</a>, <em>Columba jouyi</em> (Okinawa and Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, late 1930s) </li>
<li><a title="Réunion Pink Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Pink_Pigeon">Réunion Pink Pigeon</a>, <em>Streptopelia duboisi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Its generic allocation is not fully resolved. There seems to have been at least another species of pigeon on Réunion (probably an <em>Alectroenas</em>), but bones have not yet been found. It disappeared at the same time. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Rodrigues Turtle Dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodrigues_Turtle_Dove&action=edit">Rodrigues Turtle Dove</a>, <em>Streptopelia rodericana</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, before 1690?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Its generic allocation is not fully resolved. A possible subspecies of the <a title="Madagascar Turtle Dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Turtle_Dove">Madagascar Turtle Dove</a>, this seems not to be the bird observed by <a title="François Leguat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Leguat">Leguat</a>. Introduced rats might have killed it off in the late 17th century. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Liverpool Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Pigeon&action=edit">Liverpool Pigeon</a>, <em>"Caloenas" maculata</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Also known as the Spotted Green Pigeon, the only specimen has been in <a title="Liverpool" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool">Liverpool</a> Museum since 1851, and was probably collected on a <a title="Pacific" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific">Pacific</a> island for <a title="Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Stanley%2C_13th_Earl_of_Derby">Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby</a>. It has been suggested that this bird came from <a title="Tahiti" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti">Tahiti</a> based on native lore about a somewhat similar extinct bird called <em>titi</em>, but this has not been verified. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Sulu Bleeding-heart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Bleeding-heart">Sulu Bleeding-heart</a>, <em>Gallicolumba menagei</em> (Tawitawi, Philippines, late 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially listed as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. Only known from 2 specimens taken in 1891, there have been a number of unconfirmed reports from all over the <a title="Sulu Archipelago" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a> in 1995. However, these reports stated that the bird had suddenly undergone a massive decline, and by now, habitat destruction is almost complete. If not extinct, this species is very rare, but the ongoing <a title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front">civil war</a> prevents comprehensive surveys. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Norfolk Island Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_Ground-dove">Norfolk Island Ground-dove</a>, <em>Gallicolumba norfolciensis</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1800) </li>
<li><a title="Tanna Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanna_Ground-dove">Tanna Ground-dove</a>, <em>Gallicolumba ferruginea</em> (Tanna, Vanuatu, late 18th-19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from descriptions of 2 now-lost specimens. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Thick-billed Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick-billed_Ground-dove">Thick-billed Ground-dove</a>, <em>Gallicolumba salamonis</em> (Makira and Ramos, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Last recorded in 1927, only 2 specimens exist. Declared extinct in 2005. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Choiseul Crested Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choiseul_Crested_Pigeon">Choiseul Crested Pigeon</a>, <em>Microgoura meeki</em> (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, early 20th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Marquesas Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marquesas_Fruit-dove&action=edit">Marquesas Fruit-dove</a>, <em>Ptilinopus mercierii</em> (Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa, Marquesas, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, the little-known <em>P. m. mercierii</em> of Nuku Hiva (extinct mid-late 19th century) and <em>P. m. tristrami</em> of Hiva Oa. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Negros Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Fruit-dove">Negros Fruit-dove</a>, <em>Ptilinopus arcanus</em> (Negros, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from one specimen taken at the only documented sighting in 1953, the validity of this species has been questioned, but no good alternative to distinct species status has been proposed. Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, it might occur on Panay, but no survey has located it. One possible record in 2002 seems not to have been followed up. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Mauritius Blue Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_Blue_Pigeon">Mauritius Blue Pigeon</a>, <em>Alectroenas nitidissima</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1830s) </li>
<li>Farquhar Blue Pigeon, <em>Alectroenas</em> sp. (Farquhar Group, Seychelles, 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from early reports; possibly a subspecies of the <a title="Comoro Blue Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoro_Blue_Pigeon">Comoro</a> or <a title="Seychelles Blue Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Blue_Pigeon">Seychelles Blue Pigeon</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Grey Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Grey_Pigeon">Rodrigues Grey Pigeon</a>, <em>"Alectroenas" rodericana</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird of unknown affinities, known from a few bones and, as it seems, two historical reports. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a>, <em>Raphus cucullatus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, late 17th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Called <em>Didus ineptus</em> by <a title="Carolus Linnaeus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>. A meter-high flightless bird found on <a title="Mauritius" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. Its forest habitat was lost when Dutch settlers moved to the island and the dodo's nests were destroyed by the monkeys, pigs, and cats the Dutch brought with them. The last specimen was killed in 1681, only 80 years after the arrival of the new predators. See also <a title="Dodo tree" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo_tree">dodo tree</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Solitaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Solitaire">Rodrigues Solitaire</a>, <em>Pezophaps solitaria</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c.1730) </li>
<li>For the "Réunion Solitaire", see <a title="Réunion Sacred Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Sacred_Ibis">Réunion Sacred Ibis</a>. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Psittaciformes" name="Psittaciformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Psittaciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes">Psittaciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot">Parrots</a>.</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karolinasittich_01.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="188" alt="Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Karolinasittich_01.jpg/250px-Karolinasittich_01.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karolinasittich_01.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Mounted specimen of <em><a title="Conuropsis carolinensis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conuropsis_carolinensis">Conuropsis carolinensis</a></em>, <a title="Museum Wiesbaden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Wiesbaden">Museum Wiesbaden</a>, Germany</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a title="New Caledonian Lorikeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonian_Lorikeet">New Caledonian Lorikeet</a>, <em>Charmosyna diadema</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, there have been no reliable reports of this bird since the early 20th century. It is, however, small and inconspicuous. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Norfolk Island Kākā" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_K%C4%81k%C4%81">Norfolk Island Kākā</a>, <em>Nestor productus</em> (Norfolk and Philip Islands, SW Pacific, 1851?) </li>
<li><a title="Society Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_Parakeet">Society Parakeet</a>, <em>Cyanoramphus ulietanus</em> (Raiatea, Society Islands, late 18th century) </li>
<li><a title="Black-fronted Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-fronted_Parakeet">Black-fronted Parakeet</a>, <em>Cyanoramphus zealandicus</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, c.1850) </li>
<li><a title="Paradise Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Parrot">Paradise Parrot</a>, <em>Psephotus pulcherrimus</em> (Rockhampton area, Australia, late 1920s) </li>
<li>The <a title="Night Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Parrot">Night Parrot</a>, <em>Pezoporus occidentalis</em>, officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, is a mysterious species which is possibly close to extinction. It was only reliably recoded twice in the late 20th century, the last time in <a title="1991" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991">1991</a>. More probably, it still persists in small numbers as an immature bird was found dead in Diamantina National Park in late 2006 </li>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Pacific Eclectus Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Eclectus_Parrot&action=edit">Pacific Eclectus Parrot</a>, <em>Eclectus infectus</em>, known from subfossil bones found on Tonga, Vanuatu, and possibly Fiji, may have survived until the 18th century: a bird which seems to be a male <em>Eclectus</em> parrot was drawn in a report on the Tongan island of <a title="Vava'u" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vava%27u">Vavaʻu</a> by the <a title="Alessandro Malaspina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina">Malaspina</a> expedition. Also a 19th-century Tongan name <em>ʻāʻā</em> ("parrot") for "a beautiful bird found only at <a title="'Eua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Eua">ʻEua</a>" is attested (see <a class="external text" title="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMaor-c1-5.html" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMaor-c1-5.html" rel="nofollow">here</a> under "Kaka"). This seems to refer either <em>E. infectus</em> which in Tonga is only known from Vavaʻu and ʻEua, or the extirpated population of the <a title="Collared Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared_Lory">Collared Lory</a> which also occurred there. It is possible but unlikely that the species survived on ʻEua until the 19th century. </li>
<li><a title="Seychelles Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Parakeet">Seychelles Parakeet</a>, <em>Psittacula wardi</em> (Seychelles, W Indian Ocean, 1883) </li>
<li><a title="Newton's Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_Parakeet">Newton's Parakeet</a>, <em>Psittacula exsul</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c.1875) </li>
<li><a title="Mascarene Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascarene_Parrot">Mascarene Parrot</a>, <em>Mascarinus mascarinus</em> (Réunion and possibly Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1834?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Last known individual was a captive bird which was alive before 1834. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Broad-billed Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-billed_Parrot">Broad-billed Parrot</a>, <em>Lophopsittacus mauritianus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1680?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May have survived to the late 18th century. A smaller related form described as Mauritius Grey Parrot (<em>Lophopsittacus bensoni</em>) may be the female of <em>L. mauritianus</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Parrot">Rodrigues Parrot</a>, <em>Necropsittacus rodericanus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, late 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The species <em>N. francicus</em> is fictional, <em><a title="Réunion Red-and-green Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Red-and-green_Parakeet">N. borbonicus</a></em> most likely so. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Glaucous Macaw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucous_Macaw">Glaucous Macaw</a>, <em>Anodorhynchus glaucus</em> (N Argentina, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a> due to persistent rumours of wild birds, but probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cuban Red Macaw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Red_Macaw">Cuban Red Macaw</a>, <em>Ara tricolor</em> (Cuba, West Indies, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A number of related species have been described from the West Indies, but are not based on good evidence. Several prehistoric forms are now known to have existed in the region, however. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Carolina Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Parakeet">Carolina Parakeet</a>, <em>Conuropsis carolinensis</em> (SE North America, c.1930?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Although the date of the last captive bird's death in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1918, is generally given as extinction date, there are convincing reports of some wild populations persisting until later. 2 subspecies, <em>C. c. carolinensis</em> (east and south of the Appalachian range - extinct 1918 or c.1930) and <em>C. c. ludovicianus</em> (Louisiana Parakeet, west of the Appalachian range - extinct early 1910s). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadeloupe Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe_Parakeet">Guadeloupe Parakeet</a>, <em>Aratinga labati</em> (Guadeloupe, West Indies, late 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from descriptions, the former existence of this bird is likely for biogeographic reasons and because details as described cannot be referred to known species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Sinú Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sin%C3%BA_Parakeet&action=edit">Sinú Parakeet</a>, <em>Pyrrhura subandina</em> (Colombia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Recently recognized as a distinct species, this bird has a very restricted distribution and was last reliably recorded in 1940. It was not found during searches in 2004 and 2006 and seems to be extinct; relocation efforts continue but are hampered by the threat of armed conflict. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Martinique Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique_Amazon">Martinique Amazon</a>, <em>Amazona martinica</em> (Martinique, West Indies, mid-18th century) </li>
<li><a title="Guadeloupe Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe_Amazon">Guadeloupe Amazon</a>, <em>Amazona violacea</em> (Guadeloupe, West Indies, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The extinct amazon parrots were originally described after travelers' descriptions. Both are nowadays considered valid extinct species closely related to the <a title="Imperial Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Amazon">Imperial Amazon</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Cuculiformes" name="Cuculiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Cuculiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuculiformes">Cuculiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo">Cuckoos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Delalande's Coua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delalande%27s_Coua">Delalande's Coua</a>, <em>Coua delalandei</em> (Madagascar, late 19th century?) </li>
<li><a title="St Helena Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Cuckoo">St Helena Cuckoo</a>, <em>Nannococcyx psix</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, 16th century) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Falconiformes" name="Falconiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Falconiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformes">Falconiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Bird of prey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_of_prey">Birds of prey</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cuban Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Kite"><font color="#810081">Cuban Kite</font></a>, <em>Chondrohierax wilsonii</em> (Cuba, West Indies, early <a title="2000s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s">2000s</a>?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Often considered a subspecies of the <a title="Hook-billed Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook-billed_Kite">Hook-billed Kite</a>, it is at least critically endangered. While a small remnant probably survives in eastern Cuba, it has not been seen for some years; recent efforts to find the birds have hitherto drawn a blank but continue. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadalupe Caracara" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Caracara">Guadalupe Caracara</a>, <em>Polyborus lutosus</em> (Guadelupe, E Pacific, 1900 or 1903) </li>
<li><a title="Réunion Kestrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Kestrel">Réunion Kestrel</a>, <em>Falco duboisi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
</ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<p><a id="Strigiformes" name="Strigiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Strigiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Typical owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_owl">Typical owls</a> and <a title="Barn-owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn-owl">barn-owls</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Owl">Réunion Owl</a>, <em>Mascarenotus grucheti</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, late 17th century?) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritius Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_Owl">Mauritius Owl</a>, <em>Mascarenotus sauzieri</em> (Mauritus, Mascarenes, c.1850) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Owl">Rodrigues Owl</a>, <em>Mascarenotus murivorus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The preceding two species were variously placed in <em>Bubo</em>, <em>Athene</em>, <em>"Scops"</em> (=<em>Otus</em>), <em>Strix</em>, and <em>Tyto</em> before their true affinity was realized. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="New Caledonian Boobook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonian_Boobook&action=edit">New Caledonian Boobook</a>, <em>Ninox</em> cf. <em>novaeseelandiae</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from prehistoric bones, but might still survive. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Laughing Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing_Owl">Laughing Owl</a>, <em>Sceloglaux albifacies</em> (New Zealand, 1914?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>S. a. albifacies</em> (South Island and Stewart Island, extinct 1914?) and <em>S. a. rufifacies</em> (North Island, extinct c.1870s?) - circumstantial evidence suggests small remnants survived until the early/mid-20th century. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Puerto Rican Barn Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puerto_Rican_Barn_Owl&action=edit">Puerto Rican Barn Owl</a>, <em>Tyto cavatica</em>, known from prehistoric remains found in caves of Puerto Rico, West Indies, may still have existed in 1912 given reports of the presence of cave-roosting owls. </li>
<li><a title="Siau Scops Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siau_Scops_Owl">Siau Scops Owl</a> <em>Otus siaoensis</em> (20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>only known from the holotype collected in 1866. Endemic to the small volcanic island of <a title="Siau" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siau">Siau</a> north of <a title="Sulawesi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> in <a title="Indonesia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Might still survive as there are ongoing rumours of scops owls at Siau. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Caprimulgiformes" name="Caprimulgiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Caprimulgiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightjar">Nightjars</a> and allies.</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Jamaican Parauque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamaican_Parauque&action=edit">Jamaican Parauque</a>, <em>Siphonorhis americana</em> (Jamaica, West Indies, late 19th century </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Reports of unidentifiable nightjars in habitat appropriate for <em>S. americanus</em> suggest that this cryptic species may still exist. Research into this possibility is currently underway; pending further information, it is classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Cuban Parauque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Parauque&action=edit">Cuban Parauque</a>, <em>Siphonorhis daiquiri</em> (Cuba, West Indies) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Described from <a title="Subfossil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfossil">subfossil</a> bones in 1985. There are persistent rumors that this bird, which was never seen alive by scientists, may still survive. Compare <a title="Puerto Rican Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nightjar">Puerto Rican Nightjar</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Vaurie's Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaurie%27s_Nightjar">Vaurie's Nightjar</a>, <em>Caprimulgus centralasicus</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from a single 1929 specimen from Xinjiang, China. It has never been found again, and it is quite possibly invalid as it has not yet been compared to the similar subspecies of the <a title="European Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Nightjar">European Nightjar</a>, <em>C. europaeus plumipes</em>, which occurs at the locality where <em>C. centralasicus</em> was found. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Apodiformes" name="Apodiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Apodiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodiformes">Apodiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Swift" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift">Swifts</a> and <a title="Hummingbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Coppery Thorntail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppery_Thorntail">Coppery Thorntail</a>, <em>Discosura letitiae</em> (Bolivia?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from 3 trade specimens of unknown origin. Might still exist. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Brace's Emerald" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brace%27s_Emerald">Brace's Emerald</a>, <em>Chlorostilbon bracei</em> (New Providence, Bahamas, late 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Gould's Emerald" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould%27s_Emerald">Gould's Emerald</a>, <em>Chlorostilbon elegans</em> (Jamaica or northern Bahamas, West Indies, late 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Alfaro's Hummingbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfaro%27s_Hummingbird">Alfaro's Hummingbird</a>, <em>Saucerottia alfaroana</em> (Costa Rica, c.1900) </li>
<li><a title="Bogota Sunangel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogota_Sunangel"><font color="#810081">Bogota Sunangel</font></a>, <em>Heliangelus zusii</em> (Colombia?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird known only from a single specimen of unknown origin. Might be a hybrid (although the specimen is very distinct) or might still exist. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Turquoise-throated Puffleg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquoise-throated_Puffleg">Turquoise-throated Puffleg</a>, <em>Eriocnemis godini</em> (Ecuador, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. Known only from 6 pre-1900 specimens, the habitat at the only known site where it occurred has been destroyed. However, the bird's distribution remains unresolved. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Coraciiformes" name="Coraciiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Coraciiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher">Kingfishers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ryūkyū Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kingfisher">Ryūkyū Kingfisher</a>, <em>Todiramphus (cinnamominus) miyakoensis</em> (Miyako-jima, Ryukyu Islands, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This was probably a sub-species of the <a title="Micronesian Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronesian_Kingfisher">Micronesian Kingfisher</a> <em>Todiramphus cinnamominus</em>. Only seen once by scientists, in 1887; the specimen taken is somewhat damaged, making identification by other than molecular analysis difficult. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Giant Hoopoe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Hoopoe"><font color="#810081">Giant Hoopoe</font></a>, <em>Upupa antaois</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Piciformes" name="Piciformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Piciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piciformes">Piciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodpecker">Woodpeckers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Imperial Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Woodpecker">Imperial Woodpecker</a>, <em>Campephilus imperialis</em> (Mexico, late 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This 60-centimeter-long woodpecker is officially listed as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. Occasional unconfirmed reports come up, the most recent in late 2005. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>There is currently a major debate on whether the North American <a title="Ivory-billed Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory-billed_Woodpecker">Ivory-billed Woodpecker</a> (<em>Campephilus principalis principalis</em>) was indeed rediscovered in the <a title="White River National Wildlife Refuge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge">White River National Wildlife Refuge</a> of <a title="Arkansas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas">Arkansas</a> in 2004. The Cuban Ivory-billed Woodpecker (<em>Campephilus principalis bairdii</em>) was last seen in 1987 and is generally considered extinct, but there are a few patches of habitat not yet surveyed. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Passeriformes" name="Passeriformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Passeriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Perching bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perching_bird">Perching birds</a>.</p>
<p><strong><a title="Formicariidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formicariidae">Formicariidae</a></strong> - Antpittas and antthrushes</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Táchira Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1chira_Antpitta">Táchira Antpitta</a>, <em>Grallaria chthonia</em> (Venezuela, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, this species has not been recorded since 1956 and although some habitat still exists, it was not found in dedicated searches in the 1990s. </dd></dl>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenicus_lyalli.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="279" alt="The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Xenicus_lyalli.jpg/250px-Xenicus_lyalli.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenicus_lyalli.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The famous <a title="Stephens Island Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren">Stephens Island Wren</a>, victim of feral cats</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong><a title="Acanthisittidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae">Acanthisittidae</a></strong> - New Zealand "wrens"</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Stephens Island Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren">Stephens Island Wren</a>, <em>Xenicus lyalli</em> (New Zealand, 1895?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The species famously (but erroneously) claimed to have been made extinct by a single cat named "Tibbles". </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bush Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Wren">Bush Wren</a>, <em>Xenicus longipes</em> (New Zealand, 1972) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>3 subspecies: <em>X. l. stokesi</em> - North Island, extinct 1955; <em>X. l. longipes</em> - South Island, extinct 1968; <em>X. l. variabilis</em> - Stewart Island, extinct 1972. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Meliphagidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meliphagidae">Meliphagidae</a></strong> - Honeyeaters and Australian chats</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kioea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioea"><font color="#810081">Kioea</font></a>, <em>Chaetoptila angustipluma</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1860s) </li>
<li><a title="Hawai‘i ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">Hawai‘i ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho nobilis</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1930s) </li>
<li><a title="O‘ahu ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%E2%80%98ahu_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">O‘ahu ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho apicalis</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Moloka‘i ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moloka%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">Moloka‘i ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho bishopi</em> (Moloka‘i and probably Maui, Hawaiian Islands, c.1910 or 1980s) </li>
<li><a title="Kaua‘i ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaua%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">Kaua‘i ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho braccatus</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1987) </li>
<li><a title="Chatham Island Bellbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Island_Bellbird">Chatham Island Bellbird</a>, <em>Anthornis melanocephala</em> (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific, c.1910) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Unconfirmed records exist from the early-mid 1950s </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pardalotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardalotidae">Pardalotidae</a></strong> - Pardalotes, scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lord Howe Gerygone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Gerygone">Lord Howe Gerygone</a>, <em>Gerygone insularis</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1930) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Pachycephalidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycephalidae">Pachycephalidae</a></strong> - Whistlers, shrike-thrushes, pitohuis and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Mangarevan Whistler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangarevan_Whistler&action=edit">Mangarevan Whistler</a>, ?<em>Pachycephala gambierana</em> (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird of which no specimen exists today. It was initially described as a shrike, then classified as an <em>Eopsalteria</em> "robin", and may actually be an <em>Acrocephalus</em> flycatcher. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Dicruridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicruridae">Dicruridae</a></strong> - Monarch flycatchers and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Maupiti Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maupiti_Monarch">Maupiti Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea pomarea</em> (Maupiti, Society Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Eiao Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiao_Monarch">Eiao Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea fluxa</em> (Eiao, Marquesas, late 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Previously considered a subspecies of the <a title="Iphis Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphis_Monarch">Iphis Monarch</a>, this is an early offspring of the Marquesan stock. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Nuku Hiva Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuku_Hiva_Monarch">Nuku Hiva Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea nukuhivae</em> (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas, mid-late 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Previously considered a subspecies of the <a title="Marquesas Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Monarch">Marquesas Monarch</a>, this is another early offspring of the Marquesan stock. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ua Pou Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua_Pou_Monarch">Ua Pou Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea mira</em> (Ua Pou, Marquesas, c.1986) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Previously considered another subspecies of the <a title="Marquesas Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Monarch">Marquesas Monarch</a>, this was a distinct species most closely related to that bird and the <a title="Fatuhiva Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatuhiva_Monarch">Fatuhiva Monarch</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guam Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_Flycatcher">Guam Flycatcher</a>, <em>Myiagra freycineti</em> (Guam, Marianas, 1983) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Corvidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvidae">Corvidae</a></strong> - Crows, ravens, magpies and jays</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Banggai Crow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banggai_Crow">Banggai Crow</a>, <em>Corvus unicolor</em> (Banggai or Peleng Island, Indonesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, it is known only from two specimens taken on an unspecified island at some date in the late 19th century, probably in 1884 or 1885. Possible sightings in 1981 and 1991, but no unequivocal recent records and amount of habitat destruction suggest this species is extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Malaconotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaconotidae">Malaconotidae</a></strong> - Bushshrikes</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bulo Burti Boubou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulo_Burti_Boubou">Bulo Burti Boubou</a>, <em>Laniarius liberatus</em> (Somalia, early 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only found once, in 1988, this bird is officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, as it may still exist. However, it was never found again despite being looked for, and there seems to be much habitat degradation. Owing to the political situation in Somalia, further research has not been possible. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Vangidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangidae">Vangidae</a></strong> - Vangas</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Short-toed Nuthatch Vanga" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-toed_Nuthatch_Vanga&action=edit">Short-toed Nuthatch Vanga</a>, <em>Hypositta perdita</em> (Madagascar, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic bird known only from 2 recently fledged juveniles collected in 1931, it was not found during a thorough search in 1996. </dd></dl>
<p><strong>†<a title="Turnagridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnagridae">Turnagridae</a></strong> - Piopio</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="North Island Piopio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island_Piopio">North Island Piopio</a>, <em>Turnagra tanagra</em> (North Island, New Zealand, c.1970?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Not reliably recoded anymore since about 1900. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="South Island Piopio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Island_Piopio">South Island Piopio</a>, <em>Turnagra capensis</em> (South Island, New Zealand, 1960s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>T. c. minor</em> from <a title="Stephens Island, New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island%2C_New_Zealand">Stephens Island</a> (extinct c.1897) and the nominate <em>T. c. capensis</em> from the South Island mainland (last specimen taken in 1902, last unconfirmed record in 1963) </dd></dl>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Male (front) and female (back) Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huia_Buller.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="289" alt="Male (front) and female (back) Huia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Huia_Buller.jpg/250px-Huia_Buller.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huia_Buller.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Male (front) and female (back) <a title="Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huia">Huia</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong><a title="Callaeidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaeidae">Callaeidae</a></strong> - New Zealand wattlebirds</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huia">Huia</a>, <em>Heteralocha acutirostris</em> (North Island, New Zealand, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Estrildidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrildidae">Estrildidae</a></strong> - Estrildid finches (waxbills, munias, etc)</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Black-lored Waxbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-lored_Waxbill">Black-lored Waxbill</a>, <em>Estrilda nigriloris</em> (D.R. Congo, Africa, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic waxbill not seen since 1950; since part of its habitat is in <a title="Upemba National Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upemba_National_Park">Upemba National Park</a> it may survive. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Parulidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parulidae">Parulidae</a></strong> - New World warblers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bachman's Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachman%27s_Warbler">Bachman's Warbler</a>, <em>Vermivora bachmanii</em> (Southern USA, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a> </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Semper's Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semper%27s_Warbler">Semper's Warbler</a>, <em>Leucopeza semperi</em> (Saint Lucia, Caribbean, 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Icteridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icteridae">Icteridae</a></strong> - Grackles</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Slender-billed Grackle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender-billed_Grackle">Slender-billed Grackle</a>, <em>Quiscalus palustris</em> (Mexico, 1910) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Fringillidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringillidae">Fringillidae</a></strong> - True finches</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tawny-headed Mountain Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawny-headed_Mountain_Finch">Tawny-headed Mountain Finch</a>, <em>Leucosticte sillemi</em> (Xinjiang, mid-/late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic bird known from just 2 specimens collected in 1929. As no threats are known, probably still extant, but the lack of recent records is puzzling. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bonin Grosbeak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Grosbeak">Bonin Grosbeak</a>, <em>Chaunoproctus ferreorostris</em> (Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, 1830s) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Drepanididae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drepanididae">Drepanididae</a></strong> - Hawaiian honeycreepers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="‘Ō‘ū" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%AB">‘Ō‘ū</a>, <em>Psittirostra psittacea</em> (Hawaiian Islands, c.2000?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>, this was once the most widespread species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. It has not been reliably recorded since 1987 or 1989. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Lana‘i Hookbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lana%E2%80%98i_Hookbill&action=edit">Lana‘i Hookbill</a>, <em>Dysmorodrepanis munroi</em> (Lana‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1918) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Pila's Palila" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pila%27s_Palila&action=edit">Pila's Palila</a>, <em>Loxioides kikuichi</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands), possibly survived to the early 18th century. </li>
<li><a title="Lesser Koa Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Koa_Finch">Lesser Koa Finch</a>, <em>Rhodacanthus flaviceps</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1891) </li>
<li><a title="Greater Koa Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Koa_Finch">Greater Koa Finch</a>, <em>Rhodacanthus palmeri</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1896) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Kona Grosbeak Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kona_Grosbeak_Finch&action=edit">Kona Grosbeak Finch</a>, <em>Psittirostra kona</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1894) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Greater ‘Amakihi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_%E2%80%98Amakihi&action=edit">Greater ‘Amakihi</a>, <em>Hemignathus sagittirostris</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1901) </li>
<li><a title="Hawai‘i ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98Akialoa">Hawai‘i ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa obscura</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1940) </li>
<li><a title="Maui Nui ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maui_Nui_%E2%80%98Akialoa">Maui Nui ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa lanaiensis</em> (Lana‘i and prehistorically probably Maui and Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands 1892) </li>
<li><a title="O‘ahu ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%E2%80%98ahu_%E2%80%98Akialoa">O‘ahu ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa ellisiana</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, 1940) </li>
<li><a title="Kaua‘i ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaua%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98Akialoa">Kaua‘i ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa stejnegeri</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1969) </li>
<li><a title="Nukupu‘u" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukupu%E2%80%98u">Nukupu‘u</a>, <em>Hemignathus lucidus</em> (Hawaiian Islands, c.2000?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The subspecies from O‘ahu (<em>H. l. lucidus</em>) is extinct since the late 19th century, that of Kaua‘i (<em>H. l. hanapepe</em>) most probably since the late 1990s and that of Maui (<em>H. l. affinis</em>) has not been reliably seen since 1995. It is currently classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kakawahie" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakawahie">Kakawahie</a>, <em>Paroreomyza flammea</em> (Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1963) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="O‘ahu ‘Alauahio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%E2%80%98ahu_%E2%80%98Alauahio&action=edit">O‘ahu ‘Alauahio</a>, <em>Paroreomyza maculata</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, early 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. Last reliable record was in 1985, with an unconfirmed sighting in 1990. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="‘Ula-‘ai-hawane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98Ula-%E2%80%98ai-hawane">‘Ula-‘ai-hawane</a>, <em>Ciridops anna</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1892 or 1937) </li>
<li><a title="Black Mamo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Mamo">Black Mamo</a>, <em>Drepanis funerea</em> (Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1907) </li>
<li><a title="Hawai‘i Mamo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i_Mamo">Hawai‘i Mamo</a>, <em>Drepanis pacifica</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1898) </li>
<li><a title="Po‘o-uli" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%E2%80%98o-uli">Po‘o-uli</a>, <em>Melamprosops phaeosoma</em> (Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 2004?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The most recent unequivocal extinction on this list. What was most likely the last known bird has died in captivity on <a title="November 28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_28">28 November</a> <a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004">2004</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Emberizidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberizidae">Emberizidae</a></strong> - Buntings and American sparrow</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Hooded Seedeater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_Seedeater">Hooded Seedeater</a>, <em>Sporophila melanops</em> (Brazil, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. It is known only from a single male collected in 1823, and has variously been considered an aberrant <a title="Yellow-bellied Seedeater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bellied_Seedeater">Yellow-bellied Seedeater</a> or a hybrid. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Mimidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimidae">Mimidae</a></strong> - Thrashers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cozumel Thrasher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozumel_Thrasher">Cozumel Thrasher</a>, <em>Toxostoma guttatum</em> (Cozumel, Caribbean, 2006?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The most recent possible extinction on this list. It is still unclear whether the tiny population rediscovered in 2004 survived the impacts of the Hurricanes <a title="Hurricane Emily" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily">Emily</a> and <a title="Hurricane Wilma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma">Wilma</a> in 2005. Not seen during a survey on Cozumel in late 2006, after an unconfirmed record in April, 2006. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Hirundinidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirundinidae">Hirundinidae</a></strong> - Swallows and martins</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="White-eyed River Martin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-eyed_River_Martin">White-eyed River Martin</a>, <em>Pseudochelidon sirintarae</em> (Thailand, late 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, this enigmatic species is only known from migrating birds and it was last seen in 1986 at its former roost site. Recent unconfirmed repors suggest it may occur in <a title="Cambodia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Red Sea Swallow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_Swallow">Red Sea Swallow</a>, <em>Petrochelidon perdita</em> (Red Sea area, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known from a single specimen, this enigmatic swallow probably still exists, but the lack of recent records is puzzling. It is alternatively placed in the genus <em>Hirundo</em>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Sylviidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylviidae">Sylviidae</a></strong> - Old World warblers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Aldabra Brush-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldabra_Brush-warbler">Aldabra Brush-warbler</a>, <em>Nesillas aldabranus</em> (Aldabra, Indian Ocean, c.1984) </li>
<li><a title="Chatham Islands Fernbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Islands_Fernbird">Chatham Islands Fernbird</a>, <em>Bowdleria rufescens</em> (Chatham Islands, New Zealand, c.1900) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Often placed in genus <em>Megalurus</em>, but this is based on an incomplete review of the evidence. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cisticolidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisticolidae">Cisticolidae</a></strong> - Cisticolas and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tana River Cisticola" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana_River_Cisticola">Tana River Cisticola</a>, <em>Cisticola restrictus</em> (Kenya, 1970s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird, found in the Tana River basin in small numbers at various dates, but not anymore since 1972. Probably invalid, based on aberrant or hybrid specimens. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-eye">Zosteropidae</a></strong> - White-eyes</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lord Howe White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_White-eye">Lord Howe White-eye</a>, <em>Zosterops strenuus</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1918) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Timaliidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timaliidae">Timaliidae</a></strong> - Old World babblers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Black-browed Babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-browed_Babbler">Black-browed Babbler</a>, <em>Malacocincla perspicillata</em> (Borneo?, Indonesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known from a single mid-19th century specimen, this bird may be extinct or could still exist. If the specimen label, usually considered erroneous in claiming "Java" as the bird's origin, is correct, it may have gone extinct earlier. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Muscicapidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscicapidae">Muscicapidae</a></strong> - Old World Flycatchers and chats</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rueck's Blue Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rueck%27s_Blue_Flycatcher">Rueck's Blue Flycatcher</a>, <em>Cyornis ruckii</em> (Malaysia or Indochina, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic bird known from 2 or 4 possibly migrant specimens, last recorded in 1918. Might exist in NE Indochina and might be a subspecies of the <a title="Hainan Blue Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Blue_Flycatcher">Hainan Blue Flycatcher</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Turdidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdidae">Turdidae</a></strong> - Thrushes and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Grand Cayman Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cayman_Thrush">Grand Cayman Thrush</a>, <em>Turdus ravidus</em> (Grand Cayman, West Indies, late 1940s) </li>
<li><a title="Bonin Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Thrush">Bonin Thrush</a>, <em>Zoothera terrestris</em> (Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, c.1830s) </li>
<li><a title="‘Āmaui" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%C4%80maui">‘Āmaui</a>, <em>Myadestes woahensis</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Kāma‘o" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81ma%E2%80%98o&action=edit">Kāma‘o</a>, <em>Myadestes myadestinus</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1990s) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Oloma‘o" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oloma%E2%80%98o&action=edit">Oloma‘o</a>, <em>Myadestes lanaiensis</em> (Hawaiian Islands, 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a> because a possible location on Moloka‘i remains unsurveyed. Two subspecies are known from Lana‘i (<em>M. l. lanaiensis</em>, extinct early 1930s), Moloka‘i (<em>M. l. rutha</em>, extinct 1980s?) and a possible third subspecies from Maui (extinct before late 19th century). </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Sturnidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturnidae">Sturnidae</a></strong> - Starlings</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kosrae Island Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosrae_Island_Starling">Kosrae Island Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis corvina</em> (Kosrae, Carolines, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Mysterious Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysterious_Starling">Mysterious Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis mavornata</em> (Mauke, Cook Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Tasman Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman_Starling">Tasman Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis fusca</em> (Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1923) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>A. f. fusca</em> - <a title="Norfolk Island Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_Starling">Norfolk Island Starling</a> (extinct c.1923); <em>A. fusca hulliana</em> - <a title="Lord Howe Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Starling">Lord Howe Starling</a> (extinct c.1919). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Pohnpei Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohnpei_Starling">Pohnpei Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis pelzelni</em> (Pohnpei, Micronesia, c.2000) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only once reliable record since 1956, in 1995, leaves the species' survival seriously in doubt. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Bay Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay_Starling&action=edit">Bay Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis ulietensis</em> (Raiatea, Society Islands, between 1774 and 1850) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Usually called "Bay Thrush (Turdus ulietensis)"; a completely mysterious bird from <a title="Raiatea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raiatea">Raiatea</a>, now only known from a painting and some descriptions of a (now lost) specimen. Its <a title="Alpha taxonomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_taxonomy">taxonomic</a> position is thus unresolvable at present, although for <a title="Biogeography" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography">biogeographic</a> reasons and because of the surviving description, it has been suggested to have been a <a title="Honeyeater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyeater">honeyeater</a>. However, with the discovery of fossils of the prehistorically extinct <a title="Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling">starling</a> <em><a class="new" title="Aplonis diluvialis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aplonis_diluvialis&action=edit">Aplonis diluvialis</a></em> on neighboring <a title="Huahine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huahine">Huahine</a>, it seems likely that this bird also belonged into this genus. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bourbon Crested Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_Crested_Starling">Bourbon Crested Starling</a>, <em>Fregilupus varius</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, 1850s) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Starling">Rodrigues Starling</a>, <em>Necropsar rodericanus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, late 18th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The bird variously described as <em>Testudophaga bicolor</em>, <em>Necropsar leguati</em> or <em>Orphanopsar leguati</em> which was considered to be identical with <em>N. rodericanus</em> (which is only known from fossils) was finally resolved to be based on a misidentified partially <a title="Albinism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinism">albinistic</a> specimen of the <a title="Martinique Trembler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique_Trembler">Martinique Trembler</a> (<em>Cinclocerthia gutturalis</em>) (Olson <em>et al.</em>, Bull. B.O.C. <strong>125</strong>:31). </dd></dl>
<p><a name=".28Probably.29_Extinct_subspecies_of_birds"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: (Probably) Extinct subspecies of birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=22">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">(Probably) Extinct subspecies of birds</span></h2>
<p>Extinction of <a title="Subspecies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies">subspecies</a> is a subject very dependent on guesswork. National and international conservation projects and research publications such as <a title="IUCN Red List" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List">redlists</a> usually focus on species as a whole. Reliable information on the status of threatened subspecies usually has to be assembled piecemeal from published observations such as regional checklists. Therefore, the following listing contains a high proportion of taxa that may just as well still exist, but are listed here due to any combination of absence of recent records, a known threat such as habitat destruction, or an observed decline.</p>
<p><a id="Struthioniformes_2" name="Struthioniformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Struthioniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=23">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Struthioniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struthioniformes">Struthioniformes</a></span></h3>
<p>The <a title="Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich">Ostrich</a> and related <a title="Ratites" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratites">ratites</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Arabian Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Ostrich">Arabian Ostrich</a>, <em>Struthio camelus syriacus</em> (Arabia, 1966) - <a title="Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich">Ostrich</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="Tasmanian Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_Emu">Tasmanian Emu</a>, <em>Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis</em> (Tasmania, mid-19th century) - <a title="Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu">Emu</a> subspecies </li>
<li>North Island Little Spotted Kiwi, <em>Apteryx owenii iredalei</em> (North Island, New Zealand, late 19th century) - <a title="Little Spotted Kiwi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Spotted_Kiwi">Little Spotted Kiwi</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Tinamiformes" name="Tinamiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Tinamiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=24">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Tinamiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinamiformes">Tinamiformes</a></span></h3>
<p>Tinamous</p>
<ul>
<li>Huila Black Tinamou, <em>Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi</em> (Colombia, 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Black Tinamou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Tinamou">Black Tinamou</a> subspecies or possibly a distinct species; not seen since 1976 but might persist in <a class="new" title="Cueva de los Guácharos National Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cueva_de_los_Gu%C3%A1charos_National_Park&action=edit">Cueva de los Guácharos National Park</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Magdalena Tinamou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Tinamou">Magdalena Tinamou</a>, <em>Crypturellus (erythropus) saltuarius</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Variously considered a <a title="Red-legged Tinamou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-legged_Tinamou">Red-legged Tinamou</a> subspecies or a distinct species, this bird is only known from the 1943 type specimen. Recent research suggest it is still extant. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Anseriformes_2" name="Anseriformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Anseriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=25">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Anseriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck">Ducks</a>, <a title="Goose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose">geese</a> and <a title="Swan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan">swans</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Bering Cackling Goose, <em>Branta hutchinsii asiatica</em> (Komandorskie and Kurile Islands, N Pacific, c.1914 or 1929) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cackling Goose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cackling_Goose">Cackling Goose</a> (formerly "Lesser Canada Geese") which is doubtfully distinct from the Aleutian one. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Washington Island Gadwall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Island_Gadwall">Washington Island Gadwall</a>, <em>Anas strepera couesi</em> (Teraina, Kiribati, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtfully distinct <a title="Gadwall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadwall">Gadwall</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Rennell Island Teal, <em>Anas gibberifrons remissa</em> (Rennell, Solomon Islands, c.1959) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Sunda Teal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Teal">Sunda Teal</a> which disappeared due to predation on young birds by the introduced <a title="Tilapia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia">tilapia</a> <em><a title="Oreochromis mossambicus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreochromis_mossambicus">Oreochromis mossambicus</a></em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Niceforo's Pintail, <em>Anas georgica niceforoi</em> (Colombia, 1950s) - <a title="Yellow-billed Pintail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-billed_Pintail">Yellow-billed Pintail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Borrero's Cinnamon Teal, <em>Anas cyanoptera borreroi</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cinnamon Teal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_Teal">Cinnamon Teal</a> known only from a restricted area in the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. It is either very rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Galliformes_2" name="Galliformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Galliformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=26">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Galliformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformes">Galliformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quail">Quails</a> and relatives.</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian Grey Partridge, <em>Perdix perdix italica</em> (Italy, c.1990) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Grey Partridge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Partridge">Grey Partridge</a> whose validity has been questioned; the last purebred individuals disappeared during the late 1980s due to hybridization with introduced birds. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Amik Gölü Black Francolin, <em>Francolinus francolinus billypayni</em> (S Turkey, possibly Lebanon, 1960s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtfully distinct subspecies of the <a title="Black Francolin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Francolin">Black Francolin</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Sicilian Black Francolin, <em>Francolinus francolinus</em> ssp. (Sicily, Mediterranean, c.1869) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another doubtfully distinct <a title="Black Francolin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Francolin">Black Francolin</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Heath Hen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath_Hen">Heath Hen</a>, <em>Tympanuchus cupido cupido</em>, (New England, North America, 1932) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Greater Prairie-Chicken" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Prairie-Chicken">Greater Prairie-Chicken</a> or possibly a distinct species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>New Mexico Sharp-tailed Grouse, <em>Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi</em> (New Mexico, North America, 1954) - <a title="Sharp-tailed Grouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp-tailed_Grouse">Sharp-tailed Grouse</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Moroccan Guineafowl, <em>Numida meleagris sabyi</em> (Morocco, mid-20th century or early 1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Helmeted Guineafowl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmeted_Guineafowl">Helmeted Guineafowl</a>. Reportedly still kept in captivity in Morocco in late 1990s. Possibly extinct by 1950, the 3 1970s records may refer to feral domestic hybrids. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Charadriiformes_2" name="Charadriiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=27">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Shorebird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorebird">Shorebirds</a>, <a title="Gull" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull">gulls</a> and <a title="Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk">auks</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>North Island Snipe, <em>Coenocorypha aucklandica barrierensis</em> (North Island, New Zealand, 1870s) - <a title="New Zealand Snipe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Snipe">New Zealand Snipe</a> subspecies </li>
<li>South Island Snipe, <em>Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei</em> (South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand, 1964) - <a title="New Zealand Snipe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Snipe">New Zealand Snipe</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Tawitawi Small Buttonquail, <em>Turnix sylvatica suluensis</em> (Tawitawi, Philippines, mid-20th century) - <a title="Small Buttonquail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Buttonquail">Small Buttonquail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>New Caledonia Painted Buttonquail, <em>Turnix varia novaecaledoniae</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Painted Buttonquail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_Buttonquail">Painted Buttonquail</a> of somewhat unclear status, it is variously considered anything between a hybrid between introduced species to a full species. Plentiful subfossil bones indicate that it was indeed a good endemic form. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Kiritimati Sandpiper, <em>Prosobonia cancellata cancellata</em> (Kiritimati, Kiribati, 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The doubtfully distinct nominate subspecies of the <a title="Tuamotu Sandpiper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuamotu_Sandpiper">Tuamotu Sandpiper</a>, sometimes considered a distinct species, but only known from a painting. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Gruiformes_2" name="Gruiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Gruiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=28">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Gruiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruiformes">Gruiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Rallidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallidae">Rails</a> and allies.</p>
<ul>
<li>Goldman's Yellow Rail, <em>Coturnicops noveboracensis goldmani</em> (Mexico, late 1960s) - <a title="Yellow Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Rail">Yellow Rail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Macquarie Island Buff-banded Rail, <em>Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis</em> (Macquarie Islands, SW Pacific, 1880s) - <a title="Buff-banded Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff-banded_Rail">Buff-banded Rail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Raoul Island Banded Rail, <em>Gallirallus philippensis</em> ssp. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, SW Pacific, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Reports of the former occurrence of the species on Raoul seem plausible enough, but they may relate to vagrant individuals of another <a title="Buff-banded Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff-banded_Rail">Buff-banded Rail</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Peruvian Rail, <em>Rallus semiplumbeus peruvianus</em> (Peru, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Bogota Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogota_Rail">Bogota Rail</a> which is known from a single specimen collected in the 1880s. It may still be extant. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Western Australian Lewin's Rail, <em>Lewinia pectoralis cleleandi</em> (SW Australia, late 1930s) - <a title="Lewin's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewin%27s_Rail">Lewin's Rail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Flores Lewin's Rail, <em>Lewinia pectoralis exsul</em> (Flores, Indonesia, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Lewin's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewin%27s_Rail">Lewin's Rail</a> subspecies known only form 4 specimens. Not seen since 1959 despite attempts to find it, it is apparently extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Assumption White-throated Rail, <em>Dryolimnas cuvieri abbotti</em> (Assumption, Astove and Cosmoledo, Aldabra Islands, early 20th century) - <a title="White-throated Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Rail">White-throated Rail</a> subspecies. </li>
<li>Jamaican Uniform Crake, <em>Amaurolimnas concolor concolor</em> (Jamaica, West Indies, 1890) - <a title="Uniform Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Crake">Uniform Crake</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Intact Rail, <em>Gymnocrex plumbeiventris intactus</em> (Melanesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Bare-eyed Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bare-eyed_Rail">Bare-eyed Rail</a> which is known from a single specimen, c. mid-19th century, from the Solomon Islands or New Ireland. The taxon may be extant. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Bornean Baillon's Crake, <em>Porzana pusilla mira</em> (Borneo, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of <a title="Baillon's Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baillon%27s_Crake">Baillon's Crake</a> known from a single 1912 specimen and not found since; may be extinct, but species is hard to find. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Iwo Jima White-browed Crake, <em>Porzana cinerea brevipes</em> (Iwo Jima and Minami Iōjima, Ogasawara Islands, early 20th century). </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="White-browed Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-browed_Crake">White-browed Crake</a> that is often considered synonymous with the nominate. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Moroccan Bustard, <em>Ardeotis arabs lynesi</em> (Morocco, 1990s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Arabian Bustard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Bustard">Arabian Bustard</a>. Last observed in 1993 at Lac Merzouga/Lac Tamezguidat. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Luzon Sarus Crane, <em>Grus antigone luzonica</em> (Luzon, Philippines, late 1960s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Sarus Crane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarus_Crane">Sarus Crane</a> which is not always accepted as valid, probably mainly because the specimens have never been thoroughly studied since the subspecies' description. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Ciconiiformes_2" name="Ciconiiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Ciconiiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=29">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Ciconiiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciconiiformes">Ciconiiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron">Herons</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bonin Nankeen Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Nankeen_Night_Heron">Bonin Nankeen Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris</em> (Nakoudo-jima and <a title="Chichi-jima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichi-jima">Chichi-jima</a>, Ogasawara Islands, c.1890) - <a title="Nankeen Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankeen_Night_Heron">Nankeen Night Heron</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Principe Olive Ibis, <em>Bostrychia olivacea rothschildi</em> (Principe, Gulf of Guinea, 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An <a title="Olive Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_Ibis">Olive Ibis</a> subspecies, or (as <em>B. bocagei rothschildi</em>) one of the São Tomé Ibis if this is considered a distinct species. A probable sighting in 1994 was the first (and only) of these birds since the early 20th century; a population may yet survive. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Pelecaniformes_2" name="Pelecaniformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Pelecaniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=30">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Pelecaniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cormorant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormorant">Cormorants</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tasman Booby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman_Booby">Tasman Booby</a>, <em>Sula dactylatra tasmani</em> fide van Tets <em>et al.</em>, 1988 (Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, SW Pacific, c.1790?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This is often regarded as a distinct species, but at best it is a subspecies of the <a title="Masked Booby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masked_Booby">Masked Booby</a>. Probably identical to the extant Lord Howe Island population described as <em>S. d. fullagari</em>, which would in this case be named <em>S. d. tasmani</em> fide Holdaway & Anderson, 2001. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Pteroclidiformes" name="Pteroclidiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Pteroclidiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=31">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Pteroclidiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteroclidiformes">Pteroclidiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Sandgrouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandgrouse">Sandgrouse</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Fayyum Sandgrouse, <em>Pterocles exustus floweri</em> (Egypt, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd><a title="Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut-bellied_Sandgrouse">Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse</a> subspecies, may have survived until early 1980s. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Columbiformes_2" name="Columbiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Columbiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=32">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Columbiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes">Columbiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon">Pigeons</a>, doves and <a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">dodos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Madeiran Wood Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeiran_Wood_Pigeon">Madeiran Wood Pigeon</a>, <em>Columba palumbus maderensis</em> (Madeira, East Atlantic, early 20th century) - <a title="Wood Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_Pigeon">Wood Pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Ogasawara Japanese Woodpigeon, <em>Columba janthina nitens</em> (Ogasawara Islands, Northwest Pacific, 1980s) - <a title="Japanese Wood-pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Wood-pigeon">Japanese Wood-pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Lord Howe Metallic Pigeon, <em>Columba vitiensis godmanae</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1853) - <a title="Metallic Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_Pigeon">Metallic Pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Tongan Metallic Pigeon, <em>Columba vitiensis</em> ssp. (Vava'u, Tonga, late 18th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of the <a title="Metallic Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_Pigeon">Metallic Pigeon</a> is only known from a footnote in <a title="John Latham (ornithologist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Latham_%28ornithologist%29">John Latham</a>'s "General History of Birds", and seems to have died out some time before 1800; possibly, the location is erroneous and the note really refers to the extant population of Fiji. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Catanduanes Bleeding-heart, <em>Gallicolumba luzonica rubiventris</em> (Catanduanes, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Luzon Bleeding-heart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Bleeding-heart">Luzon Bleeding-heart</a> known from a single specimen collected in 1971. It is either near extinction or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Basilan Bleeding-heart, <em>Gallicolumba crinigera bartletti</em> (Basilan, Philippines, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Mindanao Bleeding-heart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao_Bleeding-heart">Mindanao Bleeding-heart</a>, it was last reported in 1925 and given the massive habitat destruction is likely extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Vella Lavella Ground-dove, <em>Gallicolumba jobiensis chalconota</em> (Vella Lavella, Makira and Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a class="new" title="White-breasted Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White-breasted_Ground-dove&action=edit">White-breasted Ground-dove</a> or possibly a distinct species. Known from only 4 specimens, there are no recent records and the local population report it has disappeared. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>White-headed Polynesian Ground-dove, <em>Gallicolumba erythroptera albicollis</em> (Central Tuamotu Islands, 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The Central Tuamotu subspecies of the <a title="Polynesian Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_Ground-dove">Polynesian Ground-dove</a>, often referred to as <em>G. e. pectoralis</em>, disappeared at an undetermined date, but might still exist on some unsurveyed atolls. The identity of Northern Tuamotu populations, possibly still extant, is undetermined. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Ebon Purple-capped Fruit-dove, <em>Ptilinopus porphyraceus marshallianus</em> (Ebon, Marshall Islands?, late 19th century?) - <a title="Purple-capped Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple-capped_Fruit-dove">Purple-capped Fruit-dove</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known from a single specimen collected in 1859, it is not certain whether this bird actually occurred on Ebon. All that can be said is that this subspecies is no longer found anywhere. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Mauke Fruit-dove, <em>Ptilinopus rarotongensis "byronensis"</em> (Mauke, Cook Islands, mid-/late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Rarotonga Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga_Fruit-dove">Rarotonga Fruit-dove</a>, known only from the description of a now-lost specimen. the prehistorically extinct population on <a title="Mangaia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaia">Mangaia</a> is likely to belong to another distinct subspecies too. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Negros Grey-necked Imperial-pigeon, <em>Ducula carola nigrorum</em> (Negros and probably Siquijor, late 20th century) - <a title="Grey-necked Imperial Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey-necked_Imperial_Pigeon">Grey-necked Imperial Pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Norfolk Island Kererū, <em>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, mid-19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Kererū" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB">Kererū</a> or New Zealand Pigeon. Similar birds were reported from Lord Howe Island; these seem to represent another extinct subspecies but are undescribed to date. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Raoul Island Kererū, <em>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</em> ssp. nov. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another undescribed subspecies (or possibly species) of the <a title="Kererū" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB">Kererū</a>, known from bones and a brief report. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Psittaciformes_2" name="Psittaciformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Psittaciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=33">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Psittaciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes">Psittaciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot">Parrots</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Sangir Red and Blue Lory, <em>Eos histrio histrio</em> (Sangir Archipelago, Indonesia, c.1997) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Red and Blue Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_and_Blue_Lory">Red and Blue Lory</a> was hybridized out of existence by escaped trade individuals of the subspecies <em>talautensis</em>, the last purebred individuals disappearing in the 1990s or even much earlier. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Challenger's Lory, <em>Eos histrio challengeri</em> (Nenusa Islands, Talaud Archipelago, early 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A supposed subspecies of the <a title="Red and Blue Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_and_Blue_Lory">Red and Blue Lory</a>, but probably invalid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Macquarie Island Red-crowned Parakeet, <em>Cyanoramphus erythrotis erythrotis</em> (Macquarie Islands, SW Pacific, c.1891) - <a class="new" title="Subantarctic Red-crowned Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subantarctic_Red-crowned_Parakeet&action=edit">Subantarctic Red-crowned Parakeet</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Lord Howe Island Red-fronted Parakeet, <em>Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae subflavescens</em> (Lord Howe Island, SW Pacific, c.1870) - <a title="Red-crowned Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-crowned_Parakeet">Red-crowned Parakeet</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Westerman's Eclectus Parrot, <em>Eclectus roratus westermani</em> (Indonesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from 16 captive birds specimens and last recorded in 1899, this enigmatic subspecies of the <a title="Eclectus Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectus_Parrot">Eclectus Parrot</a> is often considered an aviary hybrid. However, it may has well have occurred on islands at the northern or eastern end of the Banda Sea, becoming extinct some time in the 20th century - or might even still exist in a little-surveyed location. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Réunion Parakeet, <em>Psittacula eques eques</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from a painting and descriptions; if it is accepted as valid, it would become the nominate subspecies of the <a title="Echo Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_Parakeet">Echo Parakeet</a>, extant on Mauritius, which would then have to be called <em>P. eques echo</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Siquijor Colasisi, <em>Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis</em> (Siquijor, Philippines, 1990s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Colasisi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colasisi">Colasisi</a> or Philippine Hanging Parrot, either very rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Puerto Rican Parakeet, <em>Aratinga chloroptera maugei</em> (Mona and possibly Puerto Rico, West Indies, 1890s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A weakly differentiated subspecies of the <a title="Hispaniolan Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaniolan_Parakeet">Hispaniolan Parakeet</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Sinú Brown-throated Parakeet, <em>Aratinga pertinax griseipecta</em> (Colombia, mid-/late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Brown-throated Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-throated_Parakeet">Brown-throated Parakeet</a> known from only 2 specimens collected in 1949 and of unclear taxonomical and conservation status. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Culebra Island Amazon, <em>Amazona vittata gracilipes</em> (Culebra, West Indies, 1900s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A weakly differentiated subspecies of the <a title="Puerto Rican Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Amazon">Puerto Rican Amazon</a> which is itself highly endangered. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Cuculiformes_2" name="Cuculiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Cuculiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=34">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Cuculiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuculiformes">Cuculiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo">Cuckoos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Greater Crested Coua, <em>Coua cristata maxima</em> (SE Madagascar, late 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd><a title="Crested Coua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_Coua">Crested Coua</a> subspecies, known only from a single specimen taken in 1950 </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Timor Pheasant Coucal, <em>Centropus phasianinus mui</em> (Timor, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A very distinctive <a title="Pheasant Coucal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant_Coucal">Pheasant Coucal</a> subspecies or possibly a distinct species which is mysteriously only known from one specimen. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Assumption Island Coucal, <em>Centropus toulou assumptionis</em> (Assumption Island, Seychelles, c.1920s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Madagascar Coucal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Coucal">Madagascar Coucal</a> subspecies often considered synonymous with the Aldabra form <em>insularis</em>, which has recolonized Assumption Island at a later date. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cabo San Lucas Groove-billed Ani, <em>Crotophaga sulcirostris pallidula</em> (Mexico, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A weakly differentiated and probably invalid subspecies of the <a title="Groove-billed Ani" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove-billed_Ani">Groove-billed Ani</a> </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Bahía Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo, <em>Neomorphus geoffroyi maximiliani</em> (E Brazil, mid-20th century) - <a title="Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous-vented_Ground_Cuckoo">Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Falconiformes_2" name="Falconiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Falconiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=35">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Falconiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformes">Falconiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Bird of prey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_of_prey">Birds of prey</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cape Verde Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_Kite">Cape Verde Kite</a>, <em>Milvus</em> (<em>milvus</em>) <em>fasciicauda</em> (Cape Verde Islands, E Atlantic, 2000) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Considered either a subspecies of the <a title="Red Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Kite">Red Kite</a>, a distinct species, or a hybrid between <a title="Red Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Kite">Red</a> and <a title="Black Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Kite">Black Kites</a>, the validity of this taxon has recently being questioned on the basis of molecular analysis. However, hybridization and a confusing molecular phylogeny of Red Kite populations coupled with the distinct phenotype of the Cape Verde birds suggest that the taxonomic status of this form is far from resolved. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Anjouan Island Sparrowhawk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjouan_Island_Sparrowhawk">Anjouan Island Sparrowhawk</a>, <em>Accipiter francesii pusillus</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of <a title="Frances's Sparrowhawk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%27s_Sparrowhawk">Frances's Sparrowhawk</a> from Ndzouani (Anjouan), Comoros, was last seen in 1958; given that few habitat remains, it is probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Car Nicobar Sparrowhawk, <em>Accipiter butleri butleri</em> (Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Nicobar Sparrowhawk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobar_Sparrowhawk">Nicobar Sparrowhawk</a> - which is currently listed as <a title="Endangered Species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_Species">Vulnerable</a> - is possibly extinct. It was last reliably recorded in 1901 and despite searches, has not been sighted after an unconfirmed record in 1977. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Korean Sea-eagle, <em>Haliaeetus pelagicus niger</em> (Korea, 1950s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Steller's Sea-eagle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steller%27s_Sea-eagle">Steller's Sea-eagle</a> subspecies of uncertain distinctness. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Volcano Islands Peregrine Falcon, <em>Falco peregrinus furuitii</em>. (Ogasawara Islands, 1940s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd><a title="Peregrine falcon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrine_falcon">Peregrine falcon</a> subspecies from the <a title="Bonin Islands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Islands">Bonin Islands</a>. No sightings since 1945. A survey in 1982 failed to find this bird. Only known from <a title="Iwo Jima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jima">Iwo Jima</a> and <a class="new" title="Torishima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torishima&action=edit">Torishima</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Strigiformes_2" name="Strigiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Strigiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=36">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Strigiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Typical owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_owl">Typical owls</a> and <a title="Barn-owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn-owl">barn-owls</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Sulu Reddish Scops Owl, <em>Otus rufescens burbidgei</em> (Sulu, Philippines, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Reddish Scops Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddish_Scops_Owl">Reddish Scops Owl</a>. Known from a single questionable specimen and may not be valid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Virgin Islands Screech Owl, <em>Otus nudipes newtoni</em> (Virgin Islands, Caribbean, 1860s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Puerto Rican Screech Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Screech_Owl">Puerto Rican Screech Owl</a> of somewhat doubtful validity which occurred on several of the Virgin Islands, West Indies. The last reliable records are in 1860; it was not found in thorough surveys in 1995. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Socorro Elf Owl, <em>Micrathene whitneyi graysoni</em> (Socorro, Revillagigedo Islands, c.1970) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Elf Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_Owl">Elf Owl</a>; the last specimen was taken in 1932, but there apparently still was a large population in 1958. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Antiguan Burrowing Owl, <em>Athene cunicularia amaura</em> (Antigua, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies, c.1905) - <a title="Burrowing Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrowing_Owl">Burrowing Owl</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl, <em>Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis</em> (Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante, West Indies, c.1890) - <a title="Burrowing Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrowing_Owl">Burrowing Owl</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Lord Howe Island Morepork, <em>Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1950s) - <a title="Southern Boobook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Boobook">Southern Boobook</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Norfolk Island Morepork, <em>Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, 1996) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Individuals of the <a title="Southern Boobook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Boobook">nominate subspecies</a> were introduced in a last-ditch effort to save the local owl population. There now exists a hybrid population of a few dozen birds; the last individual of <em>N. n. undulata</em>, a female named <em>Miamiti</em> died in 1996. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cave-nesting Masked Owl, <em>Tyto novaehollandiae troughtoni</em> (Nullarbor Plain, Australia, 1960s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Doubtfully distinct from <a title="Australian Masked Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Masked_Owl">nominate subspecies</a>, but differed behaviorally. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Buru Masked Owl, <em>Tyto sororcula cayelii</em> (Buru, Indonesia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Subspecies of <a title="Lesser Masked Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Masked_Owl">Lesser Masked Owl</a>. Last recorded in 1921; the identity of a similar bird found on Seram remains to be determined. Seems to survive as an owl matching this bird's description was encountered in August, 2006. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Peleng Masked Owl, <em>Tyto rosenbergii pelengensis</em> (Peleng, Banggai Islands, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Subspecies of <a title="Sulawesi Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Owl">Sulawesi Owl</a> or separate species. Possibly extant, but only specimen known taken in 1938 and no further records. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Samar Bay Owl, <em>Phodilus badius riverae</em> (Samar, Philippines, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Subspecies of <a title="Oriental Bay Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Bay_Owl">Oriental Bay Owl</a> or possibly distinct species. Taxonomy doubtful but only specimen lost in 1945 bombing raid so validity cannot be verified; no population exists on Samar today. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Caprimulgiformes_2" name="Caprimulgiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Caprimulgiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=37">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Caprimulgiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightjar">Nightjars</a> and allies.</p>
<ul>
<li>New Caledonian White-throated Eared-nightjar, <em>Eurostopodus mystacalis exsul</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This distinct subspecies of the <a title="White-throated Eared-nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Eared-nightjar">White-throated Eared-nightjar</a> is possibly a separate species. It was found only once; due to its cryptic habits, it possibly still exists, but this is now considered unlikely. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Apodiformes_2" name="Apodiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Apodiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=38">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Apodiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodiformes">Apodiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Swift" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift">Swifts</a> and <a title="Hummingbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Alejandro Selkirk Firecrown, <em>Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi</em> (Alejandro Selkirk Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, Southeast Pacific, 1908) - <a title="Juan Fernandez Firecrown" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Fernandez_Firecrown">Juan Fernandez Firecrown</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Luzon Whitehead's Swiftlet, <em>Collocalia whiteheadi whiteheadi</em> (Luzon, Philippines, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of <a title="Whitehead's Swiftlet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead%27s_Swiftlet">Whitehead's Swiftlet</a> is only known from four specimens collected at <a class="new" title="Mount Data" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Data&action=edit">Mount Data</a> in 1895 and from the lack of further records and the massive habitat destruction, it is usually considered extinct. Given the size of the island, it might still exist though. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Coraciiformes_2" name="Coraciiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Coraciiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=39">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Coraciiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher">Kingfishers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li>Sangihe Dwarf-kingfisher, <em>Ceyx fallax sangirensis</em> (Sangihe, Indonesia, 1998?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of the <a title="Sulawesi Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Kingfisher">Sulawesi Kingfisher</a> was last seen in 1997 but not during a thorough survey one year later; it is either close to extinction or already extinct. Sometimes it is said to occur on Talaud Islands also, but this is erroneous. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Rarotonga Kingfisher, <em>Todiramphus</em> cf. <em>tutus</em> (Rarotonga, Cook Islands, mid-1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>There exist reports of locals that kingfishers - probably a subspecies of the <a title="Chattering Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattering_Kingfisher">Chattering Kingfisher</a> which is found on neighboring islands, but possibly vagrants from there - were found until around 1979, and there is a last record from 1984. Presently, no kingfishers are known to exist on Rarotonga. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Mangareva Kingfisher, <em>Todiramphus gambieri gambieri</em> (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from a single 1844 specimen, the nominate subspecies of the <a title="Tuamotu Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuamotu_Kingfisher">Tuamotu Kingfisher</a> was not found anymore when it was next searched for in 1922. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher, <em>Alcedo euryzona euryzona</em> (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a class="new" title="Blue-banded Kingfischer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue-banded_Kingfischer&action=edit">Blue-banded Kingfischer</a>; the last specimen was taken in 1937 and the last unconfirmed records are from the 1950s. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Guadalcanal Little Kingfisher, <em>Alcedo pusilla aolae</em> (Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands) - <a title="Little Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Kingfisher">Little Kingfisher</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Malaita Variable Kingfisher, <em>Ceyx lepidus malaitae</em> (Malaita, Solomon Islands) - <a title="Variable Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Kingfisher">Variable Kingfisher</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Sakarha Pygmy Kingfisher, <em>Ispidina madagascariensis dilutus</em> (Southwest Madagascar, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of the <a title="Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Pygmy_Kingfisher">Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher</a> is only known from one specimen taken in 1974 in an area where most habitat had already been lost. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Ticao Tarictic Hornbill, <em>Penelopides panini ticaensis</em> (Ticao, Philippines, 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Tarictic Hornbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarictic_Hornbill">Tarictic Hornbill</a> of somewhat uncertain status - possibly a distinct species, possibly a color morph -; the last confirmed report was in 1971 and it became extinct shortly thereafter. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Piciformes_2" name="Piciformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Piciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=40">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Piciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piciformes">Piciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodpecker">Woodpeckers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li>Guadalupe Flicker, <em>Colaptes cafer rufipileus</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, c.1910) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the Red-shafted Flicker (or the <a title="Northern Flicker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Flicker">Northern Flicker</a>, as <em>C. auratus rufipileus</em>), it was last recorded in 1906 and not found anymore in 1911 and 1922. Recently, vagrant birds of a mainland subspecies have begun recolonizing the island as the habitat improves after the removal of feral goats. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Javan Buff-rumped Woodpecker, <em>Meiglyptes tristis tristis</em> (Java, Indonesia, c.1920) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Buff-rumped Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff-rumped_Woodpecker">Buff-rumped Woodpecker</a> became rare during the 19th century due to destruction of habitat. The last confirmed record was in 1880, and it obviously became extinct in the early 20th century. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Northern White-mantled Barbet, <em>Capito hypoleucus hypoleucus</em> (Colombia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="White-mantled Barbet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-mantled_Barbet">White-mantled Barbet</a> has not been seen since the late 1940s and its habitat has been almost completely destroyed. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Botero White-mantled Barbet, <em>Capito hypoleucus carrikeri</em> (Colombia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the <a title="White-mantled Barbet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-mantled_Barbet">White-mantled Barbet</a>, last seen in 1950. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Todd's Jacamar, <em>Brachygalba lugubris phaeonota</em> (Brazil, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Brown Jacamar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Jacamar">Brown Jacamar</a>, or possibly a hybrid, color morph or full species. Might survive as it is only known from a remote and seldom visited area. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Passeriformes_2" name="Passeriformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Passeriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=41">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Passeriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Perching bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perching_bird">Perching birds</a>.</p>
<p><strong><a title="Tyrannidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannidae">Tyrannidae</a></strong> - Tyrant flycatchers</p>
<ul>
<li>Bogotá Bearded Tachuri, <em>Polystictus pectoralis bogotensis</em> (C Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Bearded Tachuri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_Tachuri">Bearded Tachuri</a> subspecies or possibly a distinct species that has not been recorded for some time and is probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Grenadan Euler's Flycatcher - <em>Lathrotriccus euleri flaviventris</em> (Grenada, West Indies, early 1950s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of <a title="Euler's Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_Flycatcher">Euler's Flycatcher</a>, formerly known as <em>Empidonax euleri johnstonei</em>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pittidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae">Pittidae</a></strong> - Pittas</p>
<ul>
<li>Bougainville Black-faced Pitta, <em>Pitta anerythra pallida</em> (Bougainville, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Black-faced Pitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-faced_Pitta">Black-faced Pitta</a>. Once common on Bougainville, but not recorded since 1938. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Choiseul Black-faced Pitta, <em>Pitta anerythra nigrifrons</em> (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the <a title="Black-faced Pitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-faced_Pitta">Black-faced Pitta</a>. Not found anymore during recent searches; doubtful records from nearby islands. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Furnariidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnariidae">Furnariidae</a></strong> - Ovenbirds</p>
<ul>
<li>Peruvian Scale-throated Earthcreeper, <em>Upucerthia dumetaria peruana</em> (Peru, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Scale-throated Earthcreeper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-throated_Earthcreeper">Scale-throated Earthcreeper</a>, it is only known from 2 specimens taken in the early 1950s at Puno, Peru, and has never been found since. It might still exist, or have become extinct due to habitat destruction in the meantime. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Northern Stripe-crowned Spinetail, <em>Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis</em> (N Bolivia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Stripe-crowned Spinetail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe-crowned_Spinetail">Stripe-crowned Spinetail</a> subspecies known from a few specimens and not recorded since the 1950s; may be endangered or even extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Formicariidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formicariidae">Formicariidae</a></strong> - Antpittas and antthrushes</p>
<ul>
<li>Northern Giant Antpitta, <em>Grallaria gigantea lehmanni</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Giant Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Antpitta">Giant Antpitta</a> (or possibly <a title="Great Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Antpitta">Great Antpitta</a>) subspecies apparently not recorded since the 1940s. Might still survive in <a class="new" title="Puracé National Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purac%C3%A9_National_Park&action=edit">Puracé National Park</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Nariño Giant Antpitta, <em>Grallaria gigantea hylodroma</em> (Colombia, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another <a title="Giant Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Antpitta">Giant Antpitta</a> subspecies, or possibly a distinct species, probably last recorded in 1989, but not anymore some years later. might still persist in <a class="new" title="La Planada Nature Reserve" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Planada_Nature_Reserve&action=edit">La Planada Nature Reserve</a>, but searches were unsuccessful. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pardalotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardalotidae">Pardalotidae</a></strong> - Pardalotes, scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones</p>
<ul>
<li>Western Rufous Bristlebird, <em>Dasyornis broadbenti littoralis</em> (Australia, 20th century) - <a title="Rufous Bristlebird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous_Bristlebird">Rufous Bristlebird</a> subspecies </li>
<li>King Island Brown Thornbill, <em>Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi</em> (King Island, Australia, early 1970s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Brown Thornbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Thornbill">Brown Thornbill</a> subspecies which was last found in <a title="1971" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971">1971</a>, but there was an unconfirmed report in <a title="2002" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002">2002</a> suggesting a small number is still extant. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cinclosomatidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinclosomatidae">Cinclosomatidae</a></strong> - Whipbirds and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Mount Lofty Spotted Quail-thrush, <em>Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta</em> (Australia, mid-1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Spotted Quail-thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Quail-thrush">Spotted Quail-thrush</a>, last recorded in 1984. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Dicruridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicruridae">Dicruridae</a></strong> - Monarch flycatchers and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Negros Celestial Monarch, <em>Hypothymis coelestis rabori</em> (Negros and possibly Sibuyan, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Celestial Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_Monarch">Celestial Monarch</a>, not uncommon on Negros in 1959, but never recorded afterwards. A single Sibuyan specimen from a unspecified locality taken in the 19th century is the only record for this island. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Hiva Oa Monarch, <em>Pomarea mendozae mendozae</em> (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas, late 1970s) - <a title="Marquesas Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Monarch">Marquesas Monarch</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Manu'a Shrikebill, <em>Clytorhynchus vitiensis powelli</em> (Manu'a Islands, Samoa, 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Usually treated as a subspecies of the <a title="Fiji Shrikebill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_Shrikebill">Fiji Shrikebill</a> but probably a distinct species, the American Samoan population declined due to habitat destruction and may have become extinct following the cyclones <a class="new" title="Cyclone Ofa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Ofa&action=edit">Ofa</a> and <a title="Cyclone Val" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Val">Val</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Nendo Shrikebill, <em>Clytorhynchus nigrogularis sanctaecrucis</em> (Nendo, Santa Cruz Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Black-throated Shrikebill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-throated_Shrikebill">Black-throated Shrikebill</a> or more probably a distinct species that was only once found, in 1927. Due to lack of research it is not known whether this bird still exists; it was not found during the single thorough survey in recent times and it can be presumed to be affected by habitat destruction and typhoons. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Lord Howe Fantail, <em>Rhipidura fuliginosa cervina</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1925) - <a title="Grey Fantail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Fantail">Grey Fantail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Guam Rufous Fantail, <em>Rhipidura rufifrons uraniae</em> (Guam, Marianas, 1984) - <a title="Rufous Fantail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous_Fantail">Rufous Fantail</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Campephagidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campephagidae">Campephagidae</a></strong> - Cuckoo-shrikes and trillers</p>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike, <em>Coracina striata cebuensis</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) - <a title="Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-bellied_Cuckoo-shrike">Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Maros Cicadabird, <em>Coracina tenuirostris edithae</em> (Sulawesi, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cicadabird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicadabird">Cicadabird</a> known from a single specimen collected in 1931; quite possibly just a vagrant individual. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Blackish Cuckoo-shrike, <em>Coracina coerulescens altera</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Blackish Cuckoo-shrike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackish_Cuckoo-shrike">Blackish Cuckoo-shrike</a> subspecies; possibly extant as the birds are rather unmistakable and a 1999 record therefore likely to be valid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Marinduque Blackish Cuckoo-shrike, <em>Coracina coerulescens deschauenseei</em> (Marinduque, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another <a title="Blackish Cuckoo-shrike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackish_Cuckoo-shrike">Blackish Cuckoo-shrike</a> subspecies, described from specimens collected in 1971, but apparently not seen since. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Norfolk Island Long-tailed Triller, <em>Lalage leucopyga leucopyga</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, 1942) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Long-tailed Triller" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed_Triller">Long-tailed Triller</a>, possibly a distinct species. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Oriolidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriolidae">Oriolidae</a></strong> - Orioles and Figbird</p>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Dark-throated Oriole, <em>Oriolus xanthonotus assimilis</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) - <a title="Dark-throated Oriole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-throated_Oriole">Dark-throated Oriole</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Corvidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvidae">Corvidae</a></strong> - Crows, ravens, magpies and jays</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Pied Raven" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied_Raven">Pied Raven</a>, <em>Corvus corax varius</em> morpha <em>leucophaeus</em> (Faroe Islands, 1948) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A distinct local variety of the Icelandic subspecies of the <a title="Common Raven" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Raven">Common Raven</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Callaeidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaeidae">Callaeidae</a></strong> - New Zealand wattlebirds</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kōkako" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dkako">South Island Kōkako</a>, <em>Callaeas cinerea cinerea</em> (South Island, New Zealand, 1960s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Kōkako" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dkako">Kōkako</a> is usually considered extinct, as it has not been reliably recorded for decades. However, there are recent reports from Fiordland suggesting a population still exists. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cinclidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinclidae">Cinclidae</a></strong> - Dippers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cyprus Dipper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Dipper">Cyprus Dipper</a>, <em>Cinclus cinclus olympicus</em> (Cyprus, Northeast Mediterranean, 1950s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="White-throated Dipper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Dipper">White-throated Dipper</a> of questionable validity. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Ploceidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploceidae">Ploceidae</a></strong> - Weavers</p>
<ul>
<li>Ruwet's Masked-weaver, <em>Ploceus reichardi ruweti</em> (D.R. Congo, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Tanzania Masked-weaver" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_Masked-weaver">Tanzania Masked-weaver</a>, formerly considered a distinct species. No recent information on its status, and it may be a hybrid. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Estrildidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrildidae">Estrildidae</a></strong> - Estrildid finches (waxbills, munias, etc)</p>
<ul>
<li>Southern Star Finch, <em>Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda</em> (Australia, c.2000) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Star Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Finch">Star Finch</a>; officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a> but probably recently extinct. Not known to survive in captivity. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Thraupidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thraupidae">Thraupidae</a></strong> - Tanagers</p>
<ul>
<li>Gonâve Western Chat-tanager, <em>Calyptophilus tertius abbotti</em> (Gonâve, West Indies, c.<a title="1980" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980">1980</a>?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a class="new" title="Western Chat-tanager" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Chat-tanager&action=edit">Western Chat-tanager</a> subspecies last recorded in 1977 and probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Samaná Eastern Chat-tanager, <em>Calyptophilus frugivorus frugivorus</em> (E Hispaniola, West Indies, 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An <a title="Eastern Chat-tanager" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Chat-tanager">Eastern Chat-tanager</a>; the last (unconfirmed?) record was in 1982. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Icteridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icteridae">Icteridae</a></strong> - Grackles</p>
<ul>
<li>Grand Cayman Oriole, <em>Icterus leucopteryx bairdi</em> (Grand Cayman, West Indies, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Jamaican Oriole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaican_Oriole">Jamaican Oriole</a>, last reliably recorded in 1938. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Fringillidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringillidae">Fringillidae</a></strong> - True finches</p>
<ul>
<li>San Benito House Finch, <em>Carpodacus mexicanus mcgregori</em> (San Benito, East Pacific, c.1940s) - <a title="House Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Finch">House Finch</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Drepanididae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drepanididae">Drepanididae</a></strong> - Hawaiian honeycreepers</p>
<ul>
<li>Lana‘i ‘Alauahio, <em>Paroreomyza montana montana</em> (Lana‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1937) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a class="new" title="Maui ‘Alauahio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maui_%E2%80%98Alauahio&action=edit">Maui ‘Alauahio</a> (or properly Maui Nui ‘Alauahio). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Maui Akepa, <em>Loxops coccineus ochraceus</em> (Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 1988) - <a title="Akepa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akepa">Akepa</a> subspecies </li>
<li>O‘ahu Akepa, <em>Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, 1990s) - <a title="Akepa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akepa">Akepa</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Laysan ‘Apapane, <em>Himatione (sanguinea) freethi</em> (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1923) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The last individuals of this subspecies of the <a class="new" title="‘Apapane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%98Apapane&action=edit">‘Apapane</a>, possibly a distinct species, disappeared in a sandstorm, probably on the night of <a title="April 23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_23">April 23</a>/<a title="April 24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_24">April 24</a>, 1923. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Emberizidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberizidae">Emberizidae</a></strong> - Buntings and American sparrows</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="381" alt="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg/250px-Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow">Dusky Seaside Sparrow</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Saint Kitts Bullfinch, <em>Loxigilla portoricensis grandis</em> (Saint Kitts and prehistorically Barbuda, West Indies, 1930) - <a title="Puerto Rican Bullfinch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Bullfinch">Puerto Rican Bullfinch</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Todos Santos Rufous-crowned Sparrow, <em>Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum</em> (Islas Todos Santos, E Pacific, 1970s) - <a title="Rufous-crowned Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow">Rufous-crowned Sparrow</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow">Dusky Seaside Sparrow</a>, <em>Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens</em> (Florida, 1987) - <a title="Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaside_Sparrow">Seaside Sparrow</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Guadalupe Spotted Towhee, <em>Pipilo maculatus consobrinus</em> (Guadalupe Island, East Pacific, c.1900) - <a title="Spotted Towhee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Towhee">Spotted Towhee</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Darwin's Large Ground-finch, <em>Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris</em> (Floreana?, Galapagos Islands, 1957?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The subspecies of the <a title="Large Ground-finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Ground-finch">Large Ground-finch</a> collected by <a title="Charles Darwin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> in 1835; he gave no precise locality. A similar bird was found in 1957, but no others have ever been seen. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Mimidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimidae">Mimidae</a></strong> - Mockingbirds and thrashers</p>
<ul>
<li>Barbados Scaly-breasted Thrasher, <em>Allenia fusca atlantica</em> (Barbados, West Indies, c.1990) - <a title="Scaly-breasted Thrasher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaly-breasted_Thrasher">Scaly-breasted Thrasher</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wren">Troglodytidae</a></strong> - Wrens</p>
<ul>
<li>San Benedicto Rock Wren, <em>Salpinctes obsoletus exsul</em> (San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Islands, 1952) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Rock Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Wren">Rock Wren</a> which became extinct around 9 AM, <a title="August 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_1">August 1</a>, <a title="1952" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952">1952</a>, when its island habitat was devastated by a massive volcanic eruption. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadalupe Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Bewick%27s_Wren">Guadalupe Bewick's Wren</a>, <em>Thyromanes bewickii brevicauda</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1900s) - <a title="Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewick%27s_Wren">Bewick's Wren</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="San Clemente Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Clemente_Bewick%27s_Wren">San Clemente Bewick's Wren</a>, <em>Thryomanes bewickii leucophrys</em> (San Clemente, East Pacific, 1940s) - <a title="Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewick%27s_Wren">Bewick's Wren</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="Daito Winter Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daito_Winter_Wren">Daito Winter Wren</a>, <em>Troglodytes troglodytes orii</em> (Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A disputed <a title="Winter Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Wren">Winter Wren</a> subspecies; as it is known from a single specimen that may have been a vagrant individual, it is possibly invalid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Guadeloupe House Wren, <em>Troglodytes aedon guadeloupensis</em> (Guadeloupe, Caribbean, after 1914) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="House Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Wren">House Wren</a> (or, if that species is split, the Southern House Wren, as <em>T. musculus guadeloupensis</em>). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Martinique House Wren, <em>Troglodytes aedon martinicensis</em> (Martinique, Caribbean, c.1890) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the (Southern, as <em>T. musculus martinicensis</em>) <a title="House Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Wren">House Wren</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Paridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paridae">Paridae</a></strong> - Tits, chickadees and titmice</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Daito Varied Tit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daito_Varied_Tit">Daito Varied Tit</a>, <em>Poecile varia orii</em> (Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Varied Tit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varied_Tit">Varied Tit</a> subspecies, variously placed in <a title="Genus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus">genus</a> <em>Sittiparus</em> and <em>Parus</em> also. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Hirundinidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirundinidae">Hirundinidae</a></strong> - Swallows and martins</p>
<ul>
<li>Jamaican Golden Swallow, <em>Tachycineta euchrysea euchrysea</em> (Jamaica, West Indies, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Golden Swallow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Swallow">Golden Swallow</a>, endemic to Jamaica. The last major roost-site was destroyed in 1987, and the last confirmed sighting was in 1989. May still exist in the <a title="Cockpit Country" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpit_Country">Cockpit Country</a>, but probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Regulidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulidae">Regulidae</a></strong> - Kinglets</p>
<ul>
<li>Guadalupe Ruby-crowned Kinglet, <em>Regulus calendula obscurus</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Ruby-crowned Kinglet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby-crowned_Kinglet">Ruby-crowned Kinglet</a> that has not been found in recent times. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pycnonotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnonotidae">Pycnonotidae</a></strong> - Bulbuls</p>
<ul>
<li>Sumatra Blue-wattled Bulbul, <em>Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii inexspectatus</em> (Sumatra, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Blue-wattled Bulbul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-wattled_Bulbul">Blue-wattled Bulbul</a> known from a single 1937 specimen. The entire "species" may be a hybrid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Streak-breasted Bulbul, <em>Ixos siquijorensis monticola</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) - <a title="Streak-breasted Bulbul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streak-breasted_Bulbul">Streak-breasted Bulbul</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Sylviidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylviidae">Sylviidae</a></strong> - Old World warblers</p>
<ul>
<li>Babar Stubtail, <em>Urosphena subulata advena</em> (Babar, Indonesia, mid-20th century) - <a title="Timor Stubtail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Stubtail">Timor Stubtail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Aguiguan Nightingale Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus luscinia nijoi</em> (Aguiguan, Marianas, c.1997) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Nightingale Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightingale_Reed-warbler">Nightingale Reed-warbler</a> of uncertain validity. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Astrolabe Nightingale Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus luscinia astrolabii</em> (Marianas?, mid-19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A valid taxon, probably a subspecies of the <a title="Nightingale Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightingale_Reed-warbler">Nightingale Reed-warbler</a>, known from just 2 specimens found at an unknown location in the western Pacific. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Pagan Nightingale Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus luscinia yamashinae</em> (Pagan, Marianas, 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another doubtful subspecies of the <a title="Nightingale Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightingale_Reed-warbler">Nightingale Reed-warbler</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Laysan Millerbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Millerbird">Laysan Millerbird</a>, <em>Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris</em> (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, late 1910s) - <a title="Millerbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerbird">Millerbird</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Huahine Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus caffer garretti</em> (Huahine, Society Islands, 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A poorly known subspecies of the <a title="Tahiti Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti_Reed-warbler">Tahiti Reed-warbler</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Raiatea Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus caffer musae</em> (Raiatea, Society Islands, 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the <a title="Tahiti Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti_Reed-warbler">Tahiti Reed-warbler</a>, known only from a drawing. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Western Turner's Eremomela, <em>Eremomela turneri kalindei</em> (Congo Basin, early 1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The West African subspecies of <a title="Turner's Eremomela" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner%27s_Eremomela">Turner's Eremomela</a> has not been recorded since the end of the 1970s and habitat at the locations where it was once found is much reduced or destroyed. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Chapin's Crombec, <em>Sylvietta leucophrys chapini</em> (Congo Basin, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="White-browed Crombec" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-browed_Crombec">White-browed Crombec</a>, sometimes listed as a separate species. Restricted to the <a class="new" title="Lendu Plateau" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lendu_Plateau&action=edit">Lendu Plateau</a>, it is either rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Canary_Islands_Chiffchaff">Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff</a>, <em>Phylloscopus canariensis exsul</em> (Lanzarote and possibly Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, 1986?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Canary Islands Chiffchaff" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islands_Chiffchaff">Canary Islands Chiffchaff</a>, it became extinct in 1986 at latest, but probably much earlier, at some time in the first half of the <a title="20th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century">20th century</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Vanua Levu Long-legged Warbler, <em>Trichocichla rufa clunei</em> (Vanua Levu, Fiji, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Long-legged Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-legged_Warbler">Long-legged Warbler</a>; it was only found once, but there was an unconfirmed sighting in 1990. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Fayyum Warbler, <em>Sylvia melanocephala norissae</em> (Egypt, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtfully distinct <a title="Sardinian Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinian_Warbler">Sardinian Warbler</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cisticolidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisticolidae">Cisticolidae</a></strong> - Cisticolas and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Northern White-winged Apalis, <em>Apalis chariessa chariessa</em> (Kenya, 1960s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="White-winged Apalis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-winged_Apalis">White-winged Apalis</a> remains known only from the Tana River, a center of endemism. It was last recorded in 1961. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Zosteropidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zosteropidae">Zosteropidae</a></strong> - White-eyes</p>
<ul>
<li>Guam Bridled White-eye, <em>Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus</em> (Guam, Marianas, 1983) - <a title="Bridled White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridled_White-eye">Bridled White-eye</a> nominate subspecies or possibly monotypic species. </li>
<li><a title="Seychelles Chestnut-sided White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Chestnut-sided_White-eye">Seychelles Chestnut-sided White-eye</a>, <em>Zosterops mayottensis semiflava</em> (Marianne Island, Seychelles, late 19th century). Extinct subspecies of the <a title="Chestnut-sided White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut-sided_White-eye">Chestnut-sided White-eye</a>. </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Sometimes considered as full species </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Mukojima White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukojima_White-eye">Mukojima White-eye</a>, <em>Apalopteron familiare familiare</em> (Mukojima Group, Bonin Islands, 1930s) - <a title="Bonin White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_White-eye">Bonin White-eye</a> ("Bonin Honeyeater") subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Paradoxornithidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxornithidae">Paradoxornithidae</a></strong> - Parrotbills</p>
<ul>
<li>Amik Gölü Bearded Tit, <em>Panurus biarmicus kosswigi</em> (S Turkey, 1970s) - <a title="Bearded Tit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_Tit">Bearded Tit</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Timaliidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timaliidae">Timaliidae</a></strong> - Old World babblers</p>
<ul>
<li>Vanderbilt's Babbler, <em>Malacocincla sepiarium vanderbilti</em> (Sumatra, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic subspecies of the <a title="Horsfield's Babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsfield%27s_Babbler">Horsfield's Babbler</a>, known from a single specimen. Not seen since the 1940s at least. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Javan Large Wren-babbler, <em>Napothera macrodactyla lepidopleura</em> (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Large Wren-babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Wren-babbler">Large Wren-babbler</a> subspecies that is either very rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Burmese Jerdon's Babbler, <em>Chrysomma altirostre altirostre</em> (Myanmar, 1940s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of <a title="Jerdon's Babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerdon%27s_Babbler">Jerdon's Babbler</a> was last seen in 1941, but due to the lack of recent fieldwork, it might still exist. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Muscicapidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscicapidae">Muscicapidae</a></strong> - Old World Flycatchers and chats</p>
<ul>
<li>Tonkean Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher, <em>Rhinomyias colonus subsolanus</em> (Sulawesi, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henna-tailed_Jungle_Flycatcher">Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher</a> subspecies that is known from a single specimen; it may not be valid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Chinijo Chat, <em>Saxicola dacotiae murielae</em> (Chinijo Archipelago, Canary Islands, early 20th century) - <a title="Fuerteventura Chat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerteventura_Chat">Fuerteventura Chat</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Turdidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdidae">Turdidae</a></strong> - Thrushes and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Norfolk Island Thrush, <em>Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1975) - <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Maré Island Thrush, <em>Turdus poliocephalus mareensis</em> (Maré, Melanesia, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a>, last collected in 1911 or 1912 and not found anymore in 1939. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lord Howe Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island_Thrush">Lord Howe Island Thrush</a>, <em>Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1920s) - <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Lifou Island Thrush, <em>Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri</em> (Lifou, Melanesia, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Yet another subspecies of the <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a>. Similar birds still exist on Tanna, New Hebrides, but given the fact that the species readily differentiates into subspecies and that the distance between Tanna and Lifou is considerable, it is far from certain that the Tanna birds belong to this subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cauca Black-hooded Thrush, <em>Turdus olivater caucae</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Black-hooded Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-hooded_Thrush">Black-hooded Thrush</a> or possibly a distinct species. Not recorded for decades and at least highly threatened by deforestation. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Peleng Red-and-black Thrush, <em>Zoothera mendeni mendeni</em> (Peleng, Indonesia, mid-20th century) - <a title="Red-and-black Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-and-black_Thrush">Red-and-black Thrush</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Kibale Black-eared Ground Thrush, <em>Zoothera cameronensis kibalensis</em> (SW Uganda, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a class="new" title="Black-eared Ground Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-eared_Ground_Thrush&action=edit">Black-eared Ground Thrush</a> subspecies known only from 2 1966 specimens. Rare or possibly already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Choiseul Russet-tailed Thrush, <em>Zoothera heinei choiseuli</em> (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Russet-tailed Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russet-tailed_Thrush">Russet-tailed Thrush</a> known from a single specimen found in 1924 and probably killed off by introduced cats, most likely in the 1940s. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>St Lucia Forest Thrush, <em>Cichlherminia lherminieri sanctaeluciae</em> (St Lucia, West Indies, 1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Forest Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Thrush">Forest Thrush</a>, last seen in 1980. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Pines Solitaire, <em>Myadestes elisabeth retrusus</em> (Isla de la Juventud, West Indies, late 1930s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cuban Solitaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Solitaire">Cuban Solitaire</a>. Unconfirmed records suggest it did still exist in the early 1970s. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="See_also" name="See_also"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird">Bird</a> </li>
<li><a title="List of extinct animals" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extinct_animals"><font color="#810081">List of extinct animals</font></a> </li>
<li><a title="Late Quaternary prehistoric birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Quaternary_prehistoric_birds">Late Quaternary prehistoric birds</a> </li>
<li><a title="Fossil birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_birds">Fossil birds</a> </li>
<li><a title="Flightless birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flightless_birds">Flightless birds</a> </li>
<li><a title="Lazarus species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_species">Lazarus species</a>, for rediscovered birds </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="External_links_and_references" name="External_links_and_references"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links and references</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.redlist.org/" href="http://www.redlist.org/" rel="nofollow">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.stockpix.com/stock/animals/birds/extinctbirds/" href="http://www.stockpix.com/stock/animals/birds/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow">Extinct Birds Stock Photography</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.abirdshome.com/Audubon/extinct.html" href="http://www.abirdshome.com/Audubon/extinct.html" rel="nofollow">Extinct Birds from John James Audubon's Birds of America</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.nrm.se/jourhavande_biolog/sida15.html" href="http://www.nrm.se/jourhavande_biolog/sida15.html" rel="nofollow">Utrotade faaglar</a> (in Swedish) </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.kcc.org.nz/birds/extinct/list.asp" href="http://www.kcc.org.nz/birds/extinct/list.asp" rel="nofollow">New Zealand Extinct Birds List</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/extinctbirds/" href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow">Extinct bird forum</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://extinct.petermaas.nl" href="http://extinct.petermaas.nl/" rel="nofollow">The Extinction Website</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/index.php?lang=uk" href="http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/index.php?lang=uk" rel="nofollow">Naturalis - Extinct Birds</a>: 3D images of extinct bird species in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History (Leiden, Netherlands). </li>
</ul>
<p>List adapted, expanded and updated from that in <em>Extinct Birds</em>, Fuller, <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0198508379">ISBN 0-19-850837-9</a> (Extinct Birds is an absorbing study of the world's recently extinct bird species, the first complete survey since <a title="Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Rothschild%2C_2nd_Baron_Rothschild">Walter Rothschild</a>'s classic work of 1907)</p>
<p>There are today about 10,000 species of birds, with roughly 1200 considered to be under threat of extinction. Except for a dozen or so species the threat is man-made.</p>
<p>Island species in general, and flightless island species in particular are most at risk. The disproportionate number of <a title="Rail (bird)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_%28bird%29">rails</a> in the list reflects the tendency of that family to lose the ability to fly when geographically isolated. Even more rails became extinct before they could be described by scientists; these taxa are listed in <a title="Later Quaternary Prehistoric Birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Later_Quaternary_Prehistoric_Birds">Later Quaternary Prehistoric Birds</a>.</p>
<p>The <strong>extinction dates</strong> given below are usually approximations of the actual date of extinction. In some cases, more exact dates are given as it is sometimes possible to pinpoint the date of extinction to a specific year or even day (the <a title="San Benedicto Rock Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Benedicto_Rock_Wren">San Benedicto Rock Wren</a> is possibly the most extreme example - its extinction could be timed with an accuracy of maybe half an hour). Extinction dates in the literature are usually the dates of the last verified record (credible observation or specimen taken); in many Pacific birds which became extinct shortly after European contact, however, this leaves an uncertainty period of over a century because the islands on which they used to occur were only rarely visited by scientists.</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 227px"><a class="image" title="Dodo, based on Roelant Savery's 1626 painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg"><img class="thumbimage" height="244" alt="Dodo, based on Roelant Savery's 1626 painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/ExtinctDodoBird.jpeg" width="225" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a>, based on <a title="Roelant Savery" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roelant_Savery">Roelant Savery</a>'s <a title="1626" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1626">1626</a> painting of a stuffed specimen - note that it has two left feet.</div>
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<p><a id="Extinct_bird_species" name="Extinct_bird_species"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Extinct bird species</span></h2>
<p><a id="Struthioniformes" name="Struthioniformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Struthioniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struthioniformes">Struthioniformes</a></span></h3>
<p>The <a title="Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich">Ostrich</a> and related <a title="Ratites" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratites">ratites</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Elephant bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant_bird">Elephant bird</a>, <em>Aepyornis maximus</em> and/or <em>A. medius</em> (Madagascar, 16th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The taxonomy of the elephant birds is not fully resolved; it is certain that at least one taxon survived until some 1000 years ago at least. Judging from geographical data, <em>A. maximus</em> and the smaller <em>A. medius</em> are possibilities. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lesser Megalapteryx" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Megalapteryx">Lesser Megalapteryx</a>, <em>Megalapteryx didinus</em> (South Island, New Zealand, late 15th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Generally believed to have been extinct by 1500, this is the only <a title="Moa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moa">moa</a> species that according to current knowledge might have survived until later times, possibly as late as the 1830s. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="King Island Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Island_Emu">King Island Emu</a>, <em>Dromaius ater</em> (King Island, Australia, 1822) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Extinct in the wild c.1805, the last captive specimen died in 1822 in the <a title="Jardin des Plantes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_des_Plantes">Jardin des Plantes</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kangaroo Island Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_Island_Emu">Kangaroo Island Emu</a>, <em>Dromaius baudinianus</em> (Kangaroo Island, Australia, 1827) </li>
<li>West Coast Spotted Kiwi, <em>Apteryx occidentalis</em> (South Island, New Zealand, c.1900) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtful form known from a single bird; may be a <a title="Little Spotted Kiwi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Spotted_Kiwi">Little Spotted Kiwi</a> subspecies or a hybrid between that species and the <a title="Rowi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowi">rowi</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><br />
</p>
<p><a id="Anseriformes" name="Anseriformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Anseriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck">Ducks</a>, <a title="Goose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose">geese</a> and <a title="Swan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan">swans</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Korean Crested Shelduck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Crested_Shelduck">Korean Crested Shelduck</a>, <em>Tadorna cristata</em> (Northeast Asia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Relict" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relict">relict species</a> from Northeast Asia. Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a> due to recent unconfirmed reports. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Shelduck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Shelduck">Réunion Shelduck</a>, <em>Alopochen kervazoi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1690s) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritian Shelduck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Shelduck">Mauritian Shelduck</a>, <em>Alopochen mauritianus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, late 1690s) </li>
<li><a title="Amsterdam Island Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Island_Duck">Amsterdam Island Duck</a>, <em>Anas marecula</em> (Amsterdam Island, South Indian Ocean, c.1800) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritian Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Duck">Mauritian Duck</a>, <em>Anas theodori</em> (Mauritius and Réunion, Mascarenes, late 1690s) </li>
<li><a title="Mariana Mallard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariana_Mallard">Mariana Mallard</a>, <em>Anas oustaleti</em> (Marianas, West Pacific, 1981) </li>
<li><a title="Finsch's Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finsch%27s_Duck">Finsch's Duck</a>, <em>Chenonetta finschi</em> from New Zealand possibly survived to 1870 </li>
<li><a title="Pink-headed Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pink-headed_Duck">Pink-headed Duck</a>, <em>Netta caryophyllacea</em> (East India, Bangladesh, North Myanmar, 1945?) -formerly <em>Rhodonessa</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>; recent surveys have failed to rediscover it. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Réunion Pochard, <em>Aythya</em> cf. <em>innotata</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1690s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A bone of a pochard found on Réunion seems to resolve the reports of <em>canards</em> other than the <a title="Mauritian Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Duck">Mauritian Duck</a> having occurred on the island. The taxonomic status of this form cannot be resolved until more material is found, however. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Labrador Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrador_Duck">Labrador Duck</a>, <em>Camptorhynchus labradorius</em> (Northeast North America, c.1880) </li>
<li><a title="Auckland Islands Merganser" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auckland_Islands_Merganser">Auckland Islands Merganser</a>, <em>Mergus australis</em> (Auckland Islands, Southwest Pacific, c.1902) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Galliformes" name="Galliformes"></a></p>
<h3> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Galliformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformes">Galliformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quail">Quails</a> and relatives.</p>
<ul>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Giant Scrubfowl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Giant_Scrubfowl&action=edit">Giant Scrubfowl</a>, <em>Megapodius molistructor</em>, may have survived on New Caledonia to the late 18th century as evidenced by decriptions of the bird named <em>"Tetrao australis"</em> and later <em>"Megapodius andersoni"</em>. </li>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Viti Levu Scrubfowl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Viti_Levu_Scrubfowl&action=edit">Viti Levu Scrubfowl</a>, <em>Megapodius amissus</em> of Viti Levu and possibly Kadavu, Fiji, may have survived to the early 19th or even the 20th century as suggested by circumstantial evidence. </li>
<li>Raoul Island Scrubfowl, <em>Megapodius</em> sp. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 1876) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A megapode is said to have inhabited Raoul Island until the population was wiped out in a volcanic eruption. It is not clear whether the birds represent a distinct taxon or derive from a prehistoric introduction by Polynesian seafarers. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="New Zealand Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Quail">New Zealand Quail</a>, <em>Coturnix novaezelandiae</em> (New Zealand, <a title="1875" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1875">1875</a>) </li>
<li><a title="Himalayan Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_Quail">Himalayan Quail</a>, <em>Ophrysia superciliosa</em> (North India, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. Not recorded with certainty since 1876, but thorough surveys are still required, and there is a recent set of possible (though unlikely) sightings around <a title="Naini Tal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naini_Tal">Naini Tal</a> in 2003. A little-known native name from Western <a title="Nepal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal">Nepal</a> probably refers to this bird, but for various reasons, no survey for <em>Ophrysia</em> has ever been conducted in that country, nor is it generally assumed to occur there (due to the native name being overlooked). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="Double-banded Argus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-banded_Argus">Double-banded Argus</a>, <em>Argusianus bipunctatus</em>, was described based on a single aberrant feather piece from an unknown locality found in 1871. This is apparently a rather simple developmental aberration. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Charadriiformes" name="Charadriiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 246px"><a class="image" title="Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greatauk-london.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="393" alt="Great Auk (Pinguinus impennis), Natural History Museum, London, England" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Greatauk-london.jpg" width="244" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greatauk-london.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a title="Great Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Auk"><font color="#810081">Great Auk</font></a> (<em>Pinguinus impennis</em>), <a title="Natural History Museum" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_History_Museum">Natural History Museum</a>, London, England</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><a title="Shorebird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorebird">Shorebirds</a>, <a title="Gull" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull">gulls</a> and <a title="Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk">auks</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Javanese Lapwing" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese_Lapwing"><font color="#810081">Javanese Lapwing</font></a>, <em>Vanellus macropterus</em> (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, but as this conspicuous bird has not been recorded since 1940, it is almost certainly extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tahitian Sandpiper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahitian_Sandpiper">Tahitian Sandpiper</a>, <em>Prosobonia leucoptera</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="White-winged Sandpiper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-winged_Sandpiper">White-winged Sandpiper</a>, <em>Prosobonia ellisi</em> (Moorea, Society Islands, 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Doubtfully distinct from <em>P. leucoptera</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Eskimo Curlew" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskimo_Curlew">Eskimo Curlew</a>, <em>Numenius borealis</em> (Northern North America, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May still exist; officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Slender-billed Curlew" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender-billed_Curlew">Slender-billed Curlew</a>, <em>Numenius tenuirostris</em> (Western Siberia, early 2000s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May still exist; officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. A few birds were recorded in 2004, following several decades of increasing rarity. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Great Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Auk"><font color="#810081">Great Auk</font></a>, <em>Pinguinus impennis</em> (North Atlantic, early <a title="1850s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s">1850s</a>) </li>
<li><a title="Canarian Black Oystercatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canarian_Black_Oystercatcher">Canarian Black Oystercatcher</a>, <em>Haematopus meadewaldoi</em> (Eastern Canary Islands, E Atlantic, c.1940?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Later sightings of black oystercatchers off <a title="Senegal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal">Senegal</a> are unlikely to refer to this sedentary species, but two records from <a title="Tenerife" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife">Tenerife</a> - the last in <a title="1981" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981">1981</a> - may do so. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Gruiformes" name="Gruiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Gruiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruiformes">Gruiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Rallidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallidae">Rails</a> and allies.<br />
"<a title="François Leguat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Leguat">Leguat</a>'s Giant" or <em>géant</em>, a hypothetical giant rail from the Mascarenes described as <em>Leguatia gigantea</em>, is based on his descriptions of flamingos, as Leguat was not familiar with their French name <em>flamand</em> or thought that it referred to other birds (it was in his time sometimes used for <a title="Spoonbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoonbill">spoonbills</a>, for example).</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Antillean Cave-rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antillean_Cave-rail&action=edit">Antillean Cave-rail</a>, <em>Nesotrochis debooyi</em> from Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands possibly survived into the Modern Era. </li>
<li><a title="Hawkins' Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawkins%27_Rail">Hawkins' Rail</a>, <em>Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi</em> (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Red Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Rail">Red Rail</a>, <em>Aphanapteryx bonasia</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Rail">Rodrigues Rail</a>, <em>Aphanapteryx leguati</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
<li><a title="Bar-winged Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-winged_Rail">Bar-winged Rail</a>, <em>Nesoclopeus poecilopterus</em> (Fiji, Polynesia, c.1980) </li>
<li><a title="New Caledonian Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonian_Rail">New Caledonian Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus lafresnayanus</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, the last records were in 1984 and it seems that all available habitat is overrun by feral pigs and dogs which prey on this bird. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Wake Island Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake_Island_Rail">Wake Island Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus wakensis</em> (Wake Island, Micronesia, 1945) </li>
<li><a title="Tahiti Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti_Rail">Tahiti Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus pacificus</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, late <a title="18th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_century">18th</a> - 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Dieffenbach's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieffenbach%27s_Rail">Dieffenbach's Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus dieffenbachii</em> (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Sharpe's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpe%27s_Rail">Sharpe's Rail</a>, <em>Gallirallus sharpei</em> (Indonesia?, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A bird known from a single skin of unknown origin. A research project has been proposed to shed light on its relationships and possible place of origin. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Vava'u Rail, <em>Gallirallus</em> cf. <em>vekamatolu</em> (Vava'u, Tonga, early 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This bird is known only from a drawing by the 1793 <a title="Alessandro Malaspina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina">Malaspina</a> expedition, apparently depicting a species of <em>Gallirallus</em>. The 'Eua Rail, <em>Gallirallus vekamatolu</em>, is known from prehistoric bones found on <a title="'Eua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Eua">'Eua</a>, but this species is almost certainly not <em>G. vekamatolu</em>, as that bird was flightless and hence is unlikely to have settled 3 distant islands. However, it probably was a close relative. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The Norfolk Island Rail, <em>Gallirallus</em> sp. may be the bird shown on a bad watercolor illustration made around 1800 </li>
<li><a title="Chatham Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Rail">Chatham Rail</a>, <em>Cabalus modestus</em> (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific, c.1900) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Réunion Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C3%A9union_Rail&action=edit">Réunion Rail</a>, <em>Dryolimnas augusti</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, late 17th century) </li>
<li><a title="Red-throated Wood-rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-throated_Wood-rail">Red-throated Wood-rail</a>, <em>Aramides gutturalis</em> (Peru, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Usually considered a badly prepared specimen of the <a title="Grey-necked Wood Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey-necked_Wood_Rail">Grey-necked Wood Rail</a>, the single known individual of this bird may prove a distinct species though. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ascension Flightless Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascension_Flightless_Crake">Ascension Flightless Crake</a>, <em>Mundia elpenor</em> (Ascension, Island, Atlantic, late 17th century) - formerly <em>Atlantisia</em> </li>
<li><a title="St Helena Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Crake">St Helena Crake</a>, <em>Porzana astrictocarpus</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
<li><a title="Laysan Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail">Laysan Rail</a>, <em>Porzana palmeri</em> (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1944) </li>
<li><a title="Hawaiian Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaiian_Rail">Hawaiian Rail</a>, <em>Porzana sandwichensis</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, c.1890) </li>
</ul>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="The Laysan Rail was a diminutive omnivore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LaysanRail.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="169" alt="The Laysan Rail was a diminutive omnivore" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/74/LaysanRail.jpg/250px-LaysanRail.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:LaysanRail.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The <a title="Laysan Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Rail">Laysan Rail</a> was a diminutive <a title="Omnivore" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnivore">omnivore</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kosrae Island Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosrae_Island_Crake">Kosrae Island Crake</a>, <em>Porzana monasa</em> (Kosrae, Carolines, c. mid-late 19th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Miller's Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miller%27s_Crake&action=edit">Miller's Crake</a>, <em>Porzana nigra</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, c.1800) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from paintings and descriptions; taxonomic status uncertain as the material is often believed to refer to the extant <a title="Spotless Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotless_Crake">Spotless Crake</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="St Helena Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Swamphen">St Helena Swamphen</a>, <em>Aphanocrex podarces</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, 16th century) - formerly <em>Atlantisia</em> </li>
<li><a title="Lord Howe Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Swamphen">Lord Howe Swamphen</a>, <em>Porphyrio albus</em> (Lord Howe Island, SW Pacific, early 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Réunion Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Swamphen">Réunion Swamphen</a> or <em>Oiseau bleu</em>, <em>Porphyrio coerulescens</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from descriptions. Former existence of a <em>Porphyrio</em> on Réunion is fairly certain, but not proven to date. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Marquesas Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marquesas_Swamphen&action=edit">Marquesas Swamphen</a>, <em>Porphyrio paepae</em> (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May have survived to c.1900. In the lower right corner of <a title="Paul Gauguin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gauguin">Paul Gauguin</a>'s 1902 painting <em>Le Sorcier d'Hiva Oa ou le Marquisien à la cape rouge</em> there is a bird which reminds of native descriptions of <em>P. paepae</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="North Island Takahē" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island_Takah%C4%93">North Island Takahē</a>, <em>Porphyrio mantelli</em> known from subfossil bones found on North Island, New Zealand, may have survived to 1894 or later. </li>
<li><a class="new" title="New Caledonia Swamphen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonia_Swamphen&action=edit">New Caledonia Swamphen</a>, <em>Porphyrio kukwiedei</em> from New Caledonia, Melanesia, may have survived into historic times. The native name <em>n'dino</em> is thought to refer to this bird. </li>
<li><a title="Samoan Wood Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samoan_Wood_Rail">Samoan Wood Rail</a>, <em>Gallinula pacifica</em> (Savai'i, Samoa, 1907?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Probably better placed in the genus <em>Pareudiastes</em>, unconfirmed reports from the late 20th century suggest it still survives in small numbers, and therefore it is officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Makira Wood Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makira_Wood_Rail">Makira Wood Rail</a>, <em>Gallinula silvestris</em> (Makira, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from a single specimen, this rail is probably better placed in its own genus, <em>Edithornis</em>. There are some unconfirmed recent records that suggest it still survives, thus, it is officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tristan Moorhen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan_Moorhen">Tristan Moorhen</a>, <em>Gallinula nesiotis</em> (Tristan da Cunha, Atlantic, late 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Mascarene Coot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascarene_Coot">Mascarene Coot</a>, <em>Fulica newtoni</em> (Mauritius and Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
<li>Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Unknown rail from <a title="Amsterdam Island" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Island">Amsterdam Island</a>, one specimen found but not recovered. Extinct by 1800 or may have been straggler of extant species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Fernando de Noronha Rail, Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Fernando de Noronha, W Atlantic, 16th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A distinct species of rail inhabited Fernando de Noronha island, but it has not been formally described yet. Probably was extant at Western contact. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Tahitian "Goose", ?Rallidae gen. et sp. indet. (Tahiti, late 18th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Early travellers to Tahiti reported a "goose" that was found in the mountains. Altogether, a species of the rail genus <em>Porphyrio</em> seems the most likely choice. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Podicipediformes" name="Podicipediformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Podicipediformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podicipediformes">Podicipediformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe">Grebes</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Colombian Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombian_Grebe">Colombian Grebe</a>, <em>Podiceps andinus</em> (Bogotá area, Colombia, 1977) </li>
<li><a title="Alaotra Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaotra_Grebe">Alaotra Grebe</a>, <em>Tachybaptus rufolavatus</em> (Lake Alaotra, Madagascar, late 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>, declined through habitat destruction and hybridization with the <a title="Little Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Grebe">Little Grebe</a>. Disappeared from only known location in the <a title="1980s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980s">1980s</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Atitlán Grebe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atitl%C3%A1n_Grebe">Atitlán Grebe</a>, <em>Podilymbus gigas</em> (Lake Atitlán, Guatemala, 1989) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Ciconiiformes" name="Ciconiiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Ciconiiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciconiiformes">Ciconiiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron">Herons</a> and related birds.<br />
The "Painted Vulture" (<em>Sarcorhamphus sacra</em>), a <a title="Florida" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida">Floridan</a> bird supposedly similar to the King Vulture, seems based on a misidentification of the <a title="Crested Caracara" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_Caracara">Crested Caracara</a>. See <a title="King Vulture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Vulture">King Vulture</a> article for discussion.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bermuda Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda_Night_Heron">Bermuda Night Heron</a>, <em>Nyctanassa carcinocatactes</em> (Bermuda, West Atlantic, 17th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Sometimes assigned to the genus <em>Nycticorax</em> </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Night_Heron">Réunion Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax duboisi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, late 17th century) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritius Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_Night_Heron">Mauritius Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax mauritianus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Night_Heron">Rodrigues Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax megacephalus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Ascension Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ascension_Night_Heron&action=edit">Ascension Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax olsoni</em> (Ascension Island, Atlantic, late 16th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from subfossil bones, but the description of a flightless Ascension bird by <a title="F. André Thevet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Andr%C3%A9_Thevet">F. André Thevet</a> cannot be identified with anything other than this species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="New Zealand Little Bittern" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Little_Bittern">New Zealand Little Bittern</a>, <em>Ixobrychus novaezelandiae</em> (New Zealand, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Long considered to be vagrant individuals of the Australian <a title="Little Bittern" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Bittern">Little Bittern</a>, bones recovered from Holocene deposits indicate that this was indeed a distinct taxon, but it might not be a separate species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Sacred Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Sacred_Ibis">Réunion Sacred Ibis</a>, <em>Threskiornis solitarius</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, early 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This species was the base for the supposed "Réunion Solitaire", a supposed relative of the <a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a> and the <a title="Rodrigues Solitaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Solitaire">Rodrigues Solitaire</a>. Given the fact that ibis, but no dodo-like bones were found on <a title="Réunion" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union">Réunion</a> and that old descriptions match a flightless <a title="Sacred Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Ibis">Sacred Ibis</a> quite well, the "Réunion Solitaire" hypothesis has been refuted. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Pelecaniformes" name="Pelecaniformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Pelecaniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cormorant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormorant">Cormorants</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Spectacled Cormorant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectacled_Cormorant">Spectacled Cormorant</a>, <em>Phalacrocorax perspicillatus</em> (Komandorski Islands, North Pacific, c.<a title="1850" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850">1850</a>) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Procellariiformes" name="Procellariiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Procellariiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrel">Petrels</a>, <a title="Shearwater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearwater">shearwaters</a>, <a title="Albatross" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albatross">albatrosses</a> and <a title="Storm-petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storm-petrel">storm-petrels</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Small St Helena Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_St_Helena_Petrel">Small St Helena Petrel</a>, <em>Bulweria bifax</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Bermuda Shearwater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bermuda_Shearwater&action=edit">Bermuda Shearwater</a>, <em>Puffinus parvus</em> (Bermuda, West Atlantic, 16th century) </li>
<li><a title="Large St Helena Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_St_Helena_Petrel">Large St Helena Petrel</a>, <em>Pseudobulweria rupinarum</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
<li><a title="Jamaica Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_Petrel">Jamaica Petrel</a>, <em>Pterodroma caribbaea</em> (Jamaica, West Indies) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Possibly a subspecies of the <a title="Black-capped Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-capped_Petrel">Black-capped Petrel</a>; unconfirmed reports suggest it might survive. Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><em>Pterodroma</em> cf. <em>leucoptera</em> (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A wing of a carcass similar to <a title="Gould's Petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould%27s_Petrel">Gould's Petrel</a> was recovered on Mangareva in 1922, where it possibly bred. No such birds are known to exist there today. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadalupe Storm-petrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Storm-petrel">Guadalupe Storm-petrel</a>, <em>Oceanodroma macrodacyla</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1910s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>, but a thorough survey in 2000 concluded the species was certainly extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Sphenisciformes" name="Sphenisciformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Sphenisciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphenisciformes">Sphenisciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Penguins" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguins">Penguins</a></p>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="Chatham Islands Penguin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Islands_Penguin">Chatham Islands Penguin</a>, <em>Eudyptes</em> sp. (Chatham Islands, SW Pacific), is only known from subfossil bones, but a bird kept captive at some time between 1867 and 1872 might refer to this taxon. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Columbiformes" name="Columbiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Columbiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes">Columbiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon">Pigeons</a>, doves and <a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">dodos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="St Helena Dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Dove">St Helena Dove</a>, <em>Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos</em>, possibly survived into the Modern Era. </li>
<li><a title="Passenger Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passenger_Pigeon">Passenger Pigeon</a>, <em>Ectopistes migratorius</em> (Eastern North America, 1914) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The passenger pigeon was once probably the most common bird in the world, a single flock numbering up to several billion birds. It was hunted close to extinction for food and sport in the late 19th century. The last individual died in the <a title="Cincinnati Zoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cincinnati_Zoo">Cincinnati Zoo</a> in 1914. </dd></dl>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 202px"><a class="image" title="Male Passenger Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="320" alt="Male Passenger Pigeon" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg/200px-Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg" width="200" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Ectopistes_migratoriusMCN2P28CA.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Male Passenger Pigeon</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>The <a title="Silvery Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvery_Pigeon"><font color="#810081">Silvery Pigeon</font></a>, <em>Columba argentina</em>, has not been reliably observed since 1931 and may be extinct. It is difficult to distinguish from the common <a title="Pied Imperial Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied_Imperial_Pigeon">Pied Imperial Pigeon</a>, however. </li>
<li><a title="Bonin Woodpigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Woodpigeon">Bonin Woodpigeon</a>, <em>Columba versicolor</em> (Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima, Ogasawara Islands, c.1890) </li>
<li><a title="Ryukyu Woodpigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryukyu_Woodpigeon">Ryukyu Woodpigeon</a>, <em>Columba jouyi</em> (Okinawa and Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, late 1930s) </li>
<li><a title="Réunion Pink Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Pink_Pigeon">Réunion Pink Pigeon</a>, <em>Streptopelia duboisi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Its generic allocation is not fully resolved. There seems to have been at least another species of pigeon on Réunion (probably an <em>Alectroenas</em>), but bones have not yet been found. It disappeared at the same time. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Rodrigues Turtle Dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rodrigues_Turtle_Dove&action=edit">Rodrigues Turtle Dove</a>, <em>Streptopelia rodericana</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, before 1690?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Its generic allocation is not fully resolved. A possible subspecies of the <a title="Madagascar Turtle Dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Turtle_Dove">Madagascar Turtle Dove</a>, this seems not to be the bird observed by <a title="François Leguat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Leguat">Leguat</a>. Introduced rats might have killed it off in the late 17th century. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Liverpool Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liverpool_Pigeon&action=edit">Liverpool Pigeon</a>, <em>"Caloenas" maculata</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Also known as the Spotted Green Pigeon, the only specimen has been in <a title="Liverpool" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool">Liverpool</a> Museum since 1851, and was probably collected on a <a title="Pacific" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific">Pacific</a> island for <a title="Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Stanley%2C_13th_Earl_of_Derby">Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby</a>. It has been suggested that this bird came from <a title="Tahiti" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti">Tahiti</a> based on native lore about a somewhat similar extinct bird called <em>titi</em>, but this has not been verified. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Sulu Bleeding-heart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Bleeding-heart">Sulu Bleeding-heart</a>, <em>Gallicolumba menagei</em> (Tawitawi, Philippines, late 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially listed as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>. Only known from 2 specimens taken in 1891, there have been a number of unconfirmed reports from all over the <a title="Sulu Archipelago" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulu_Archipelago">Sulu Archipelago</a> in 1995. However, these reports stated that the bird had suddenly undergone a massive decline, and by now, habitat destruction is almost complete. If not extinct, this species is very rare, but the ongoing <a title="Moro Islamic Liberation Front" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_Islamic_Liberation_Front">civil war</a> prevents comprehensive surveys. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Norfolk Island Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_Ground-dove">Norfolk Island Ground-dove</a>, <em>Gallicolumba norfolciensis</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1800) </li>
<li><a title="Tanna Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanna_Ground-dove">Tanna Ground-dove</a>, <em>Gallicolumba ferruginea</em> (Tanna, Vanuatu, late 18th-19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from descriptions of 2 now-lost specimens. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Thick-billed Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thick-billed_Ground-dove">Thick-billed Ground-dove</a>, <em>Gallicolumba salamonis</em> (Makira and Ramos, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Last recorded in 1927, only 2 specimens exist. Declared extinct in 2005. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Choiseul Crested Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choiseul_Crested_Pigeon">Choiseul Crested Pigeon</a>, <em>Microgoura meeki</em> (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, early 20th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Marquesas Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marquesas_Fruit-dove&action=edit">Marquesas Fruit-dove</a>, <em>Ptilinopus mercierii</em> (Nuku Hiva and Hiva Oa, Marquesas, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, the little-known <em>P. m. mercierii</em> of Nuku Hiva (extinct mid-late 19th century) and <em>P. m. tristrami</em> of Hiva Oa. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Negros Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negros_Fruit-dove">Negros Fruit-dove</a>, <em>Ptilinopus arcanus</em> (Negros, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from one specimen taken at the only documented sighting in 1953, the validity of this species has been questioned, but no good alternative to distinct species status has been proposed. Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, it might occur on Panay, but no survey has located it. One possible record in 2002 seems not to have been followed up. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Mauritius Blue Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_Blue_Pigeon">Mauritius Blue Pigeon</a>, <em>Alectroenas nitidissima</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, c.1830s) </li>
<li>Farquhar Blue Pigeon, <em>Alectroenas</em> sp. (Farquhar Group, Seychelles, 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from early reports; possibly a subspecies of the <a title="Comoro Blue Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoro_Blue_Pigeon">Comoro</a> or <a title="Seychelles Blue Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Blue_Pigeon">Seychelles Blue Pigeon</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Grey Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Grey_Pigeon">Rodrigues Grey Pigeon</a>, <em>"Alectroenas" rodericana</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird of unknown affinities, known from a few bones and, as it seems, two historical reports. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">Dodo</a>, <em>Raphus cucullatus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, late 17th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Called <em>Didus ineptus</em> by <a title="Carolus Linnaeus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>. A meter-high flightless bird found on <a title="Mauritius" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius">Mauritius</a>. Its forest habitat was lost when Dutch settlers moved to the island and the dodo's nests were destroyed by the monkeys, pigs, and cats the Dutch brought with them. The last specimen was killed in 1681, only 80 years after the arrival of the new predators. See also <a title="Dodo tree" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo_tree">dodo tree</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Solitaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Solitaire">Rodrigues Solitaire</a>, <em>Pezophaps solitaria</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c.1730) </li>
<li>For the "Réunion Solitaire", see <a title="Réunion Sacred Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Sacred_Ibis">Réunion Sacred Ibis</a>. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Psittaciformes" name="Psittaciformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Psittaciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes">Psittaciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot">Parrots</a>.</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karolinasittich_01.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="188" alt="Mounted specimen of Conuropsis carolinensis, Museum Wiesbaden, Germany" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Karolinasittich_01.jpg/250px-Karolinasittich_01.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Karolinasittich_01.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Mounted specimen of <em><a title="Conuropsis carolinensis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conuropsis_carolinensis">Conuropsis carolinensis</a></em>, <a title="Museum Wiesbaden" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Wiesbaden">Museum Wiesbaden</a>, Germany</div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li><a title="New Caledonian Lorikeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Caledonian_Lorikeet">New Caledonian Lorikeet</a>, <em>Charmosyna diadema</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, there have been no reliable reports of this bird since the early 20th century. It is, however, small and inconspicuous. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Norfolk Island Kākā" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_K%C4%81k%C4%81">Norfolk Island Kākā</a>, <em>Nestor productus</em> (Norfolk and Philip Islands, SW Pacific, 1851?) </li>
<li><a title="Society Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_Parakeet">Society Parakeet</a>, <em>Cyanoramphus ulietanus</em> (Raiatea, Society Islands, late 18th century) </li>
<li><a title="Black-fronted Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-fronted_Parakeet">Black-fronted Parakeet</a>, <em>Cyanoramphus zealandicus</em> (Tahiti, Society Islands, c.1850) </li>
<li><a title="Paradise Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise_Parrot">Paradise Parrot</a>, <em>Psephotus pulcherrimus</em> (Rockhampton area, Australia, late 1920s) </li>
<li>The <a title="Night Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_Parrot">Night Parrot</a>, <em>Pezoporus occidentalis</em>, officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, is a mysterious species which is possibly close to extinction. It was only reliably recoded twice in the late 20th century, the last time in <a title="1991" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991">1991</a>. More probably, it still persists in small numbers as an immature bird was found dead in Diamantina National Park in late 2006 </li>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Pacific Eclectus Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pacific_Eclectus_Parrot&action=edit">Pacific Eclectus Parrot</a>, <em>Eclectus infectus</em>, known from subfossil bones found on Tonga, Vanuatu, and possibly Fiji, may have survived until the 18th century: a bird which seems to be a male <em>Eclectus</em> parrot was drawn in a report on the Tongan island of <a title="Vava'u" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vava%27u">Vavaʻu</a> by the <a title="Alessandro Malaspina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alessandro_Malaspina">Malaspina</a> expedition. Also a 19th-century Tongan name <em>ʻāʻā</em> ("parrot") for "a beautiful bird found only at <a title="'Eua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27Eua">ʻEua</a>" is attested (see <a class="external text" title="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMaor-c1-5.html" href="http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-TreMaor-c1-5.html" rel="nofollow">here</a> under "Kaka"). This seems to refer either <em>E. infectus</em> which in Tonga is only known from Vavaʻu and ʻEua, or the extirpated population of the <a title="Collared Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collared_Lory">Collared Lory</a> which also occurred there. It is possible but unlikely that the species survived on ʻEua until the 19th century. </li>
<li><a title="Seychelles Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Parakeet">Seychelles Parakeet</a>, <em>Psittacula wardi</em> (Seychelles, W Indian Ocean, 1883) </li>
<li><a title="Newton's Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_Parakeet">Newton's Parakeet</a>, <em>Psittacula exsul</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, c.1875) </li>
<li><a title="Mascarene Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mascarene_Parrot">Mascarene Parrot</a>, <em>Mascarinus mascarinus</em> (Réunion and possibly Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1834?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Last known individual was a captive bird which was alive before 1834. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Broad-billed Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad-billed_Parrot">Broad-billed Parrot</a>, <em>Lophopsittacus mauritianus</em> (Mauritius, Mascarenes, 1680?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>May have survived to the late 18th century. A smaller related form described as Mauritius Grey Parrot (<em>Lophopsittacus bensoni</em>) may be the female of <em>L. mauritianus</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Parrot">Rodrigues Parrot</a>, <em>Necropsittacus rodericanus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, late 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The species <em>N. francicus</em> is fictional, <em><a title="Réunion Red-and-green Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Red-and-green_Parakeet">N. borbonicus</a></em> most likely so. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Glaucous Macaw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucous_Macaw">Glaucous Macaw</a>, <em>Anodorhynchus glaucus</em> (N Argentina, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a> due to persistent rumours of wild birds, but probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cuban Red Macaw" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Red_Macaw">Cuban Red Macaw</a>, <em>Ara tricolor</em> (Cuba, West Indies, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A number of related species have been described from the West Indies, but are not based on good evidence. Several prehistoric forms are now known to have existed in the region, however. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Carolina Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolina_Parakeet">Carolina Parakeet</a>, <em>Conuropsis carolinensis</em> (SE North America, c.1930?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Although the date of the last captive bird's death in the Cincinnati Zoo, 1918, is generally given as extinction date, there are convincing reports of some wild populations persisting until later. 2 subspecies, <em>C. c. carolinensis</em> (east and south of the Appalachian range - extinct 1918 or c.1930) and <em>C. c. ludovicianus</em> (Louisiana Parakeet, west of the Appalachian range - extinct early 1910s). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadeloupe Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe_Parakeet">Guadeloupe Parakeet</a>, <em>Aratinga labati</em> (Guadeloupe, West Indies, late 18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from descriptions, the former existence of this bird is likely for biogeographic reasons and because details as described cannot be referred to known species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Sinú Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sin%C3%BA_Parakeet&action=edit">Sinú Parakeet</a>, <em>Pyrrhura subandina</em> (Colombia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Recently recognized as a distinct species, this bird has a very restricted distribution and was last reliably recorded in 1940. It was not found during searches in 2004 and 2006 and seems to be extinct; relocation efforts continue but are hampered by the threat of armed conflict. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Martinique Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique_Amazon">Martinique Amazon</a>, <em>Amazona martinica</em> (Martinique, West Indies, mid-18th century) </li>
<li><a title="Guadeloupe Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadeloupe_Amazon">Guadeloupe Amazon</a>, <em>Amazona violacea</em> (Guadeloupe, West Indies, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The extinct amazon parrots were originally described after travelers' descriptions. Both are nowadays considered valid extinct species closely related to the <a title="Imperial Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Amazon">Imperial Amazon</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Cuculiformes" name="Cuculiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Cuculiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuculiformes">Cuculiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo">Cuckoos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Delalande's Coua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delalande%27s_Coua">Delalande's Coua</a>, <em>Coua delalandei</em> (Madagascar, late 19th century?) </li>
<li><a title="St Helena Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Helena_Cuckoo">St Helena Cuckoo</a>, <em>Nannococcyx psix</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, 16th century) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Falconiformes" name="Falconiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Falconiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformes">Falconiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Bird of prey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_of_prey">Birds of prey</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cuban Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Kite"><font color="#810081">Cuban Kite</font></a>, <em>Chondrohierax wilsonii</em> (Cuba, West Indies, early <a title="2000s" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s">2000s</a>?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Often considered a subspecies of the <a title="Hook-billed Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook-billed_Kite">Hook-billed Kite</a>, it is at least critically endangered. While a small remnant probably survives in eastern Cuba, it has not been seen for some years; recent efforts to find the birds have hitherto drawn a blank but continue. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadalupe Caracara" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Caracara">Guadalupe Caracara</a>, <em>Polyborus lutosus</em> (Guadelupe, E Pacific, 1900 or 1903) </li>
<li><a title="Réunion Kestrel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Kestrel">Réunion Kestrel</a>, <em>Falco duboisi</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, c.1700) </li>
</ul>
<p><br />
</p>
<p><a id="Strigiformes" name="Strigiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Strigiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Typical owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_owl">Typical owls</a> and <a title="Barn-owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn-owl">barn-owls</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Réunion Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union_Owl">Réunion Owl</a>, <em>Mascarenotus grucheti</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, late 17th century?) </li>
<li><a title="Mauritius Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius_Owl">Mauritius Owl</a>, <em>Mascarenotus sauzieri</em> (Mauritus, Mascarenes, c.1850) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Owl">Rodrigues Owl</a>, <em>Mascarenotus murivorus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The preceding two species were variously placed in <em>Bubo</em>, <em>Athene</em>, <em>"Scops"</em> (=<em>Otus</em>), <em>Strix</em>, and <em>Tyto</em> before their true affinity was realized. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="New Caledonian Boobook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonian_Boobook&action=edit">New Caledonian Boobook</a>, <em>Ninox</em> cf. <em>novaeseelandiae</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from prehistoric bones, but might still survive. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Laughing Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughing_Owl">Laughing Owl</a>, <em>Sceloglaux albifacies</em> (New Zealand, 1914?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>S. a. albifacies</em> (South Island and Stewart Island, extinct 1914?) and <em>S. a. rufifacies</em> (North Island, extinct c.1870s?) - circumstantial evidence suggests small remnants survived until the early/mid-20th century. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>The <a class="new" title="Puerto Rican Barn Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Puerto_Rican_Barn_Owl&action=edit">Puerto Rican Barn Owl</a>, <em>Tyto cavatica</em>, known from prehistoric remains found in caves of Puerto Rico, West Indies, may still have existed in 1912 given reports of the presence of cave-roosting owls. </li>
<li><a title="Siau Scops Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siau_Scops_Owl">Siau Scops Owl</a> <em>Otus siaoensis</em> (20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>only known from the holotype collected in 1866. Endemic to the small volcanic island of <a title="Siau" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siau">Siau</a> north of <a title="Sulawesi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi">Sulawesi</a> in <a title="Indonesia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Might still survive as there are ongoing rumours of scops owls at Siau. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Caprimulgiformes" name="Caprimulgiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Caprimulgiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightjar">Nightjars</a> and allies.</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Jamaican Parauque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jamaican_Parauque&action=edit">Jamaican Parauque</a>, <em>Siphonorhis americana</em> (Jamaica, West Indies, late 19th century </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Reports of unidentifiable nightjars in habitat appropriate for <em>S. americanus</em> suggest that this cryptic species may still exist. Research into this possibility is currently underway; pending further information, it is classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Cuban Parauque" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuban_Parauque&action=edit">Cuban Parauque</a>, <em>Siphonorhis daiquiri</em> (Cuba, West Indies) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Described from <a title="Subfossil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subfossil">subfossil</a> bones in 1985. There are persistent rumors that this bird, which was never seen alive by scientists, may still survive. Compare <a title="Puerto Rican Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nightjar">Puerto Rican Nightjar</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Vaurie's Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaurie%27s_Nightjar">Vaurie's Nightjar</a>, <em>Caprimulgus centralasicus</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from a single 1929 specimen from Xinjiang, China. It has never been found again, and it is quite possibly invalid as it has not yet been compared to the similar subspecies of the <a title="European Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Nightjar">European Nightjar</a>, <em>C. europaeus plumipes</em>, which occurs at the locality where <em>C. centralasicus</em> was found. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Apodiformes" name="Apodiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Apodiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodiformes">Apodiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Swift" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift">Swifts</a> and <a title="Hummingbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Coppery Thorntail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppery_Thorntail">Coppery Thorntail</a>, <em>Discosura letitiae</em> (Bolivia?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from 3 trade specimens of unknown origin. Might still exist. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Brace's Emerald" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brace%27s_Emerald">Brace's Emerald</a>, <em>Chlorostilbon bracei</em> (New Providence, Bahamas, late 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Gould's Emerald" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gould%27s_Emerald">Gould's Emerald</a>, <em>Chlorostilbon elegans</em> (Jamaica or northern Bahamas, West Indies, late 19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Alfaro's Hummingbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfaro%27s_Hummingbird">Alfaro's Hummingbird</a>, <em>Saucerottia alfaroana</em> (Costa Rica, c.1900) </li>
<li><a title="Bogota Sunangel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogota_Sunangel"><font color="#810081">Bogota Sunangel</font></a>, <em>Heliangelus zusii</em> (Colombia?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird known only from a single specimen of unknown origin. Might be a hybrid (although the specimen is very distinct) or might still exist. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Turquoise-throated Puffleg" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turquoise-throated_Puffleg">Turquoise-throated Puffleg</a>, <em>Eriocnemis godini</em> (Ecuador, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. Known only from 6 pre-1900 specimens, the habitat at the only known site where it occurred has been destroyed. However, the bird's distribution remains unresolved. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Coraciiformes" name="Coraciiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Coraciiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher">Kingfishers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ryūkyū Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kingfisher">Ryūkyū Kingfisher</a>, <em>Todiramphus (cinnamominus) miyakoensis</em> (Miyako-jima, Ryukyu Islands, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This was probably a sub-species of the <a title="Micronesian Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micronesian_Kingfisher">Micronesian Kingfisher</a> <em>Todiramphus cinnamominus</em>. Only seen once by scientists, in 1887; the specimen taken is somewhat damaged, making identification by other than molecular analysis difficult. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Giant Hoopoe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Hoopoe"><font color="#810081">Giant Hoopoe</font></a>, <em>Upupa antaois</em> (St Helena, Atlantic, early 16th century) </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Piciformes" name="Piciformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Piciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piciformes">Piciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodpecker">Woodpeckers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Imperial Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Woodpecker">Imperial Woodpecker</a>, <em>Campephilus imperialis</em> (Mexico, late 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This 60-centimeter-long woodpecker is officially listed as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. Occasional unconfirmed reports come up, the most recent in late 2005. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>There is currently a major debate on whether the North American <a title="Ivory-billed Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory-billed_Woodpecker">Ivory-billed Woodpecker</a> (<em>Campephilus principalis principalis</em>) was indeed rediscovered in the <a title="White River National Wildlife Refuge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_River_National_Wildlife_Refuge">White River National Wildlife Refuge</a> of <a title="Arkansas" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas">Arkansas</a> in 2004. The Cuban Ivory-billed Woodpecker (<em>Campephilus principalis bairdii</em>) was last seen in 1987 and is generally considered extinct, but there are a few patches of habitat not yet surveyed. </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Passeriformes" name="Passeriformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline"><a title="Passeriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Perching bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perching_bird">Perching birds</a>.</p>
<p><strong><a title="Formicariidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formicariidae">Formicariidae</a></strong> - Antpittas and antthrushes</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Táchira Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1chira_Antpitta">Táchira Antpitta</a>, <em>Grallaria chthonia</em> (Venezuela, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, this species has not been recorded since 1956 and although some habitat still exists, it was not found in dedicated searches in the 1990s. </dd></dl>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenicus_lyalli.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="279" alt="The famous Stephens Island Wren, victim of feral cats" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Xenicus_lyalli.jpg/250px-Xenicus_lyalli.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Xenicus_lyalli.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
The famous <a title="Stephens Island Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren">Stephens Island Wren</a>, victim of feral cats</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong><a title="Acanthisittidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acanthisittidae">Acanthisittidae</a></strong> - New Zealand "wrens"</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Stephens Island Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island_Wren">Stephens Island Wren</a>, <em>Xenicus lyalli</em> (New Zealand, 1895?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The species famously (but erroneously) claimed to have been made extinct by a single cat named "Tibbles". </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bush Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush_Wren">Bush Wren</a>, <em>Xenicus longipes</em> (New Zealand, 1972) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>3 subspecies: <em>X. l. stokesi</em> - North Island, extinct 1955; <em>X. l. longipes</em> - South Island, extinct 1968; <em>X. l. variabilis</em> - Stewart Island, extinct 1972. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Meliphagidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meliphagidae">Meliphagidae</a></strong> - Honeyeaters and Australian chats</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kioea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioea"><font color="#810081">Kioea</font></a>, <em>Chaetoptila angustipluma</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1860s) </li>
<li><a title="Hawai‘i ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">Hawai‘i ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho nobilis</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1930s) </li>
<li><a title="O‘ahu ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%E2%80%98ahu_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">O‘ahu ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho apicalis</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Moloka‘i ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moloka%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">Moloka‘i ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho bishopi</em> (Moloka‘i and probably Maui, Hawaiian Islands, c.1910 or 1980s) </li>
<li><a title="Kaua‘i ‘Ō‘ō" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaua%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%8D">Kaua‘i ‘Ō‘ō</a>, <em>Moho braccatus</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1987) </li>
<li><a title="Chatham Island Bellbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Island_Bellbird">Chatham Island Bellbird</a>, <em>Anthornis melanocephala</em> (Chatham Islands, Southwest Pacific, c.1910) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Unconfirmed records exist from the early-mid 1950s </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pardalotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardalotidae">Pardalotidae</a></strong> - Pardalotes, scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lord Howe Gerygone" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Gerygone">Lord Howe Gerygone</a>, <em>Gerygone insularis</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1930) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Pachycephalidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachycephalidae">Pachycephalidae</a></strong> - Whistlers, shrike-thrushes, pitohuis and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Mangarevan Whistler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mangarevan_Whistler&action=edit">Mangarevan Whistler</a>, ?<em>Pachycephala gambierana</em> (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird of which no specimen exists today. It was initially described as a shrike, then classified as an <em>Eopsalteria</em> "robin", and may actually be an <em>Acrocephalus</em> flycatcher. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Dicruridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicruridae">Dicruridae</a></strong> - Monarch flycatchers and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Maupiti Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maupiti_Monarch">Maupiti Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea pomarea</em> (Maupiti, Society Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Eiao Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiao_Monarch">Eiao Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea fluxa</em> (Eiao, Marquesas, late 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Previously considered a subspecies of the <a title="Iphis Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iphis_Monarch">Iphis Monarch</a>, this is an early offspring of the Marquesan stock. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Nuku Hiva Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuku_Hiva_Monarch">Nuku Hiva Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea nukuhivae</em> (Nuku Hiva, Marquesas, mid-late 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Previously considered a subspecies of the <a title="Marquesas Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Monarch">Marquesas Monarch</a>, this is another early offspring of the Marquesan stock. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Ua Pou Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ua_Pou_Monarch">Ua Pou Monarch</a>, <em>Pomarea mira</em> (Ua Pou, Marquesas, c.1986) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Previously considered another subspecies of the <a title="Marquesas Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Monarch">Marquesas Monarch</a>, this was a distinct species most closely related to that bird and the <a title="Fatuhiva Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatuhiva_Monarch">Fatuhiva Monarch</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guam Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam_Flycatcher">Guam Flycatcher</a>, <em>Myiagra freycineti</em> (Guam, Marianas, 1983) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Corvidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvidae">Corvidae</a></strong> - Crows, ravens, magpies and jays</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Banggai Crow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banggai_Crow">Banggai Crow</a>, <em>Corvus unicolor</em> (Banggai or Peleng Island, Indonesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, it is known only from two specimens taken on an unspecified island at some date in the late 19th century, probably in 1884 or 1885. Possible sightings in 1981 and 1991, but no unequivocal recent records and amount of habitat destruction suggest this species is extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Malaconotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaconotidae">Malaconotidae</a></strong> - Bushshrikes</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bulo Burti Boubou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulo_Burti_Boubou">Bulo Burti Boubou</a>, <em>Laniarius liberatus</em> (Somalia, early 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only found once, in 1988, this bird is officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, as it may still exist. However, it was never found again despite being looked for, and there seems to be much habitat degradation. Owing to the political situation in Somalia, further research has not been possible. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Vangidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vangidae">Vangidae</a></strong> - Vangas</p>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Short-toed Nuthatch Vanga" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-toed_Nuthatch_Vanga&action=edit">Short-toed Nuthatch Vanga</a>, <em>Hypositta perdita</em> (Madagascar, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic bird known only from 2 recently fledged juveniles collected in 1931, it was not found during a thorough search in 1996. </dd></dl>
<p><strong>†<a title="Turnagridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnagridae">Turnagridae</a></strong> - Piopio</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="North Island Piopio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Island_Piopio">North Island Piopio</a>, <em>Turnagra tanagra</em> (North Island, New Zealand, c.1970?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Not reliably recoded anymore since about 1900. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="South Island Piopio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Island_Piopio">South Island Piopio</a>, <em>Turnagra capensis</em> (South Island, New Zealand, 1960s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>T. c. minor</em> from <a title="Stephens Island, New Zealand" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephens_Island%2C_New_Zealand">Stephens Island</a> (extinct c.1897) and the nominate <em>T. c. capensis</em> from the South Island mainland (last specimen taken in 1902, last unconfirmed record in 1963) </dd></dl>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Male (front) and female (back) Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huia_Buller.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="289" alt="Male (front) and female (back) Huia" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Huia_Buller.jpg/250px-Huia_Buller.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Huia_Buller.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
Male (front) and female (back) <a title="Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huia">Huia</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong><a title="Callaeidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaeidae">Callaeidae</a></strong> - New Zealand wattlebirds</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Huia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huia">Huia</a>, <em>Heteralocha acutirostris</em> (North Island, New Zealand, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Estrildidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrildidae">Estrildidae</a></strong> - Estrildid finches (waxbills, munias, etc)</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Black-lored Waxbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-lored_Waxbill">Black-lored Waxbill</a>, <em>Estrilda nigriloris</em> (D.R. Congo, Africa, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic waxbill not seen since 1950; since part of its habitat is in <a title="Upemba National Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upemba_National_Park">Upemba National Park</a> it may survive. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Parulidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parulidae">Parulidae</a></strong> - New World warblers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bachman's Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachman%27s_Warbler">Bachman's Warbler</a>, <em>Vermivora bachmanii</em> (Southern USA, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a> </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Semper's Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semper%27s_Warbler">Semper's Warbler</a>, <em>Leucopeza semperi</em> (Saint Lucia, Caribbean, 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Icteridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icteridae">Icteridae</a></strong> - Grackles</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Slender-billed Grackle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slender-billed_Grackle">Slender-billed Grackle</a>, <em>Quiscalus palustris</em> (Mexico, 1910) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Fringillidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringillidae">Fringillidae</a></strong> - True finches</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tawny-headed Mountain Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawny-headed_Mountain_Finch">Tawny-headed Mountain Finch</a>, <em>Leucosticte sillemi</em> (Xinjiang, mid-/late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic bird known from just 2 specimens collected in 1929. As no threats are known, probably still extant, but the lack of recent records is puzzling. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bonin Grosbeak" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Grosbeak">Bonin Grosbeak</a>, <em>Chaunoproctus ferreorostris</em> (Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, 1830s) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Drepanididae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drepanididae">Drepanididae</a></strong> - Hawaiian honeycreepers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="‘Ō‘ū" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%C5%8C%E2%80%98%C5%AB">‘Ō‘ū</a>, <em>Psittirostra psittacea</em> (Hawaiian Islands, c.2000?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>, this was once the most widespread species of Hawaiian honeycreeper. It has not been reliably recorded since 1987 or 1989. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Lana‘i Hookbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lana%E2%80%98i_Hookbill&action=edit">Lana‘i Hookbill</a>, <em>Dysmorodrepanis munroi</em> (Lana‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1918) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Pila's Palila" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pila%27s_Palila&action=edit">Pila's Palila</a>, <em>Loxioides kikuichi</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands), possibly survived to the early 18th century. </li>
<li><a title="Lesser Koa Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Koa_Finch">Lesser Koa Finch</a>, <em>Rhodacanthus flaviceps</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1891) </li>
<li><a title="Greater Koa Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Koa_Finch">Greater Koa Finch</a>, <em>Rhodacanthus palmeri</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1896) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Kona Grosbeak Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kona_Grosbeak_Finch&action=edit">Kona Grosbeak Finch</a>, <em>Psittirostra kona</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1894) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Greater ‘Amakihi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Greater_%E2%80%98Amakihi&action=edit">Greater ‘Amakihi</a>, <em>Hemignathus sagittirostris</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1901) </li>
<li><a title="Hawai‘i ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98Akialoa">Hawai‘i ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa obscura</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1940) </li>
<li><a title="Maui Nui ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maui_Nui_%E2%80%98Akialoa">Maui Nui ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa lanaiensis</em> (Lana‘i and prehistorically probably Maui and Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands 1892) </li>
<li><a title="O‘ahu ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%E2%80%98ahu_%E2%80%98Akialoa">O‘ahu ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa ellisiana</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, 1940) </li>
<li><a title="Kaua‘i ‘Akialoa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaua%E2%80%98i_%E2%80%98Akialoa">Kaua‘i ‘Akialoa</a>, <em>Akialoa stejnegeri</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1969) </li>
<li><a title="Nukupu‘u" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukupu%E2%80%98u">Nukupu‘u</a>, <em>Hemignathus lucidus</em> (Hawaiian Islands, c.2000?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The subspecies from O‘ahu (<em>H. l. lucidus</em>) is extinct since the late 19th century, that of Kaua‘i (<em>H. l. hanapepe</em>) most probably since the late 1990s and that of Maui (<em>H. l. affinis</em>) has not been reliably seen since 1995. It is currently classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kakawahie" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakawahie">Kakawahie</a>, <em>Paroreomyza flammea</em> (Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1963) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="O‘ahu ‘Alauahio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=O%E2%80%98ahu_%E2%80%98Alauahio&action=edit">O‘ahu ‘Alauahio</a>, <em>Paroreomyza maculata</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, early 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. Last reliable record was in 1985, with an unconfirmed sighting in 1990. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="‘Ula-‘ai-hawane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98Ula-%E2%80%98ai-hawane">‘Ula-‘ai-hawane</a>, <em>Ciridops anna</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1892 or 1937) </li>
<li><a title="Black Mamo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Mamo">Black Mamo</a>, <em>Drepanis funerea</em> (Moloka‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1907) </li>
<li><a title="Hawai‘i Mamo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawai%E2%80%98i_Mamo">Hawai‘i Mamo</a>, <em>Drepanis pacifica</em> (Big Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1898) </li>
<li><a title="Po‘o-uli" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%E2%80%98o-uli">Po‘o-uli</a>, <em>Melamprosops phaeosoma</em> (Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 2004?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The most recent unequivocal extinction on this list. What was most likely the last known bird has died in captivity on <a title="November 28" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_28">28 November</a> <a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004">2004</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Emberizidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberizidae">Emberizidae</a></strong> - Buntings and American sparrow</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Hooded Seedeater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooded_Seedeater">Hooded Seedeater</a>, <em>Sporophila melanops</em> (Brazil, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially classified as <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a>. It is known only from a single male collected in 1823, and has variously been considered an aberrant <a title="Yellow-bellied Seedeater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-bellied_Seedeater">Yellow-bellied Seedeater</a> or a hybrid. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Mimidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimidae">Mimidae</a></strong> - Thrashers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cozumel Thrasher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozumel_Thrasher">Cozumel Thrasher</a>, <em>Toxostoma guttatum</em> (Cozumel, Caribbean, 2006?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The most recent possible extinction on this list. It is still unclear whether the tiny population rediscovered in 2004 survived the impacts of the Hurricanes <a title="Hurricane Emily" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Emily">Emily</a> and <a title="Hurricane Wilma" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Wilma">Wilma</a> in 2005. Not seen during a survey on Cozumel in late 2006, after an unconfirmed record in April, 2006. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Hirundinidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirundinidae">Hirundinidae</a></strong> - Swallows and martins</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="White-eyed River Martin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-eyed_River_Martin">White-eyed River Martin</a>, <em>Pseudochelidon sirintarae</em> (Thailand, late 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a>, this enigmatic species is only known from migrating birds and it was last seen in 1986 at its former roost site. Recent unconfirmed repors suggest it may occur in <a title="Cambodia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Red Sea Swallow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_Swallow">Red Sea Swallow</a>, <em>Petrochelidon perdita</em> (Red Sea area, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known from a single specimen, this enigmatic swallow probably still exists, but the lack of recent records is puzzling. It is alternatively placed in the genus <em>Hirundo</em>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Sylviidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylviidae">Sylviidae</a></strong> - Old World warblers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Aldabra Brush-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldabra_Brush-warbler">Aldabra Brush-warbler</a>, <em>Nesillas aldabranus</em> (Aldabra, Indian Ocean, c.1984) </li>
<li><a title="Chatham Islands Fernbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chatham_Islands_Fernbird">Chatham Islands Fernbird</a>, <em>Bowdleria rufescens</em> (Chatham Islands, New Zealand, c.1900) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Often placed in genus <em>Megalurus</em>, but this is based on an incomplete review of the evidence. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cisticolidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisticolidae">Cisticolidae</a></strong> - Cisticolas and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tana River Cisticola" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana_River_Cisticola">Tana River Cisticola</a>, <em>Cisticola restrictus</em> (Kenya, 1970s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A mysterious bird, found in the Tana River basin in small numbers at various dates, but not anymore since 1972. Probably invalid, based on aberrant or hybrid specimens. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-eye">Zosteropidae</a></strong> - White-eyes</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lord Howe White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_White-eye">Lord Howe White-eye</a>, <em>Zosterops strenuus</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1918) </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Timaliidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timaliidae">Timaliidae</a></strong> - Old World babblers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Black-browed Babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-browed_Babbler">Black-browed Babbler</a>, <em>Malacocincla perspicillata</em> (Borneo?, Indonesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known from a single mid-19th century specimen, this bird may be extinct or could still exist. If the specimen label, usually considered erroneous in claiming "Java" as the bird's origin, is correct, it may have gone extinct earlier. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Muscicapidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscicapidae">Muscicapidae</a></strong> - Old World Flycatchers and chats</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Rueck's Blue Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rueck%27s_Blue_Flycatcher">Rueck's Blue Flycatcher</a>, <em>Cyornis ruckii</em> (Malaysia or Indochina, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic bird known from 2 or 4 possibly migrant specimens, last recorded in 1918. Might exist in NE Indochina and might be a subspecies of the <a title="Hainan Blue Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainan_Blue_Flycatcher">Hainan Blue Flycatcher</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Turdidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdidae">Turdidae</a></strong> - Thrushes and allies</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Grand Cayman Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Cayman_Thrush">Grand Cayman Thrush</a>, <em>Turdus ravidus</em> (Grand Cayman, West Indies, late 1940s) </li>
<li><a title="Bonin Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Thrush">Bonin Thrush</a>, <em>Zoothera terrestris</em> (Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, c.1830s) </li>
<li><a title="‘Āmaui" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%98%C4%80maui">‘Āmaui</a>, <em>Myadestes woahensis</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Kāma‘o" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C4%81ma%E2%80%98o&action=edit">Kāma‘o</a>, <em>Myadestes myadestinus</em> (Kaua‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1990s) </li>
<li><a class="new" title="Oloma‘o" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oloma%E2%80%98o&action=edit">Oloma‘o</a>, <em>Myadestes lanaiensis</em> (Hawaiian Islands, 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered, possibly extinct</font></a> because a possible location on Moloka‘i remains unsurveyed. Two subspecies are known from Lana‘i (<em>M. l. lanaiensis</em>, extinct early 1930s), Moloka‘i (<em>M. l. rutha</em>, extinct 1980s?) and a possible third subspecies from Maui (extinct before late 19th century). </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Sturnidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturnidae">Sturnidae</a></strong> - Starlings</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kosrae Island Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosrae_Island_Starling">Kosrae Island Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis corvina</em> (Kosrae, Carolines, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Mysterious Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysterious_Starling">Mysterious Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis mavornata</em> (Mauke, Cook Islands, mid-19th century) </li>
<li><a title="Tasman Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman_Starling">Tasman Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis fusca</em> (Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1923) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Two subspecies, <em>A. f. fusca</em> - <a title="Norfolk Island Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island_Starling">Norfolk Island Starling</a> (extinct c.1923); <em>A. fusca hulliana</em> - <a title="Lord Howe Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Starling">Lord Howe Starling</a> (extinct c.1919). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Pohnpei Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohnpei_Starling">Pohnpei Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis pelzelni</em> (Pohnpei, Micronesia, c.2000) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only once reliable record since 1956, in 1995, leaves the species' survival seriously in doubt. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a class="new" title="Bay Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bay_Starling&action=edit">Bay Starling</a>, <em>Aplonis ulietensis</em> (Raiatea, Society Islands, between 1774 and 1850) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Usually called "Bay Thrush (Turdus ulietensis)"; a completely mysterious bird from <a title="Raiatea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raiatea">Raiatea</a>, now only known from a painting and some descriptions of a (now lost) specimen. Its <a title="Alpha taxonomy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_taxonomy">taxonomic</a> position is thus unresolvable at present, although for <a title="Biogeography" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography">biogeographic</a> reasons and because of the surviving description, it has been suggested to have been a <a title="Honeyeater" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeyeater">honeyeater</a>. However, with the discovery of fossils of the prehistorically extinct <a title="Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling">starling</a> <em><a class="new" title="Aplonis diluvialis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aplonis_diluvialis&action=edit">Aplonis diluvialis</a></em> on neighboring <a title="Huahine" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huahine">Huahine</a>, it seems likely that this bird also belonged into this genus. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bourbon Crested Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_Crested_Starling">Bourbon Crested Starling</a>, <em>Fregilupus varius</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, 1850s) </li>
<li><a title="Rodrigues Starling" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigues_Starling">Rodrigues Starling</a>, <em>Necropsar rodericanus</em> (Rodrigues, Mascarenes, late 18th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The bird variously described as <em>Testudophaga bicolor</em>, <em>Necropsar leguati</em> or <em>Orphanopsar leguati</em> which was considered to be identical with <em>N. rodericanus</em> (which is only known from fossils) was finally resolved to be based on a misidentified partially <a title="Albinism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinism">albinistic</a> specimen of the <a title="Martinique Trembler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique_Trembler">Martinique Trembler</a> (<em>Cinclocerthia gutturalis</em>) (Olson <em>et al.</em>, Bull. B.O.C. <strong>125</strong>:31). </dd></dl>
<p><a name=".28Probably.29_Extinct_subspecies_of_birds"></a></p>
<h2><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: (Probably) Extinct subspecies of birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=22">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline">(Probably) Extinct subspecies of birds</span></h2>
<p>Extinction of <a title="Subspecies" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subspecies">subspecies</a> is a subject very dependent on guesswork. National and international conservation projects and research publications such as <a title="IUCN Red List" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IUCN_Red_List">redlists</a> usually focus on species as a whole. Reliable information on the status of threatened subspecies usually has to be assembled piecemeal from published observations such as regional checklists. Therefore, the following listing contains a high proportion of taxa that may just as well still exist, but are listed here due to any combination of absence of recent records, a known threat such as habitat destruction, or an observed decline.</p>
<p><a id="Struthioniformes_2" name="Struthioniformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Struthioniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=23">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Struthioniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struthioniformes">Struthioniformes</a></span></h3>
<p>The <a title="Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich">Ostrich</a> and related <a title="Ratites" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratites">ratites</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Arabian Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Ostrich">Arabian Ostrich</a>, <em>Struthio camelus syriacus</em> (Arabia, 1966) - <a title="Ostrich" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrich">Ostrich</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="Tasmanian Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmanian_Emu">Tasmanian Emu</a>, <em>Dromaius novaehollandiae diemenensis</em> (Tasmania, mid-19th century) - <a title="Emu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emu">Emu</a> subspecies </li>
<li>North Island Little Spotted Kiwi, <em>Apteryx owenii iredalei</em> (North Island, New Zealand, late 19th century) - <a title="Little Spotted Kiwi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Spotted_Kiwi">Little Spotted Kiwi</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Tinamiformes" name="Tinamiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Tinamiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=24">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Tinamiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinamiformes">Tinamiformes</a></span></h3>
<p>Tinamous</p>
<ul>
<li>Huila Black Tinamou, <em>Tinamus osgoodi hershkovitzi</em> (Colombia, 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Black Tinamou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Tinamou">Black Tinamou</a> subspecies or possibly a distinct species; not seen since 1976 but might persist in <a class="new" title="Cueva de los Guácharos National Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cueva_de_los_Gu%C3%A1charos_National_Park&action=edit">Cueva de los Guácharos National Park</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Magdalena Tinamou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdalena_Tinamou">Magdalena Tinamou</a>, <em>Crypturellus (erythropus) saltuarius</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Variously considered a <a title="Red-legged Tinamou" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-legged_Tinamou">Red-legged Tinamou</a> subspecies or a distinct species, this bird is only known from the 1943 type specimen. Recent research suggest it is still extant. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Anseriformes_2" name="Anseriformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Anseriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=25">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Anseriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anseriformes">Anseriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Duck" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duck">Ducks</a>, <a title="Goose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goose">geese</a> and <a title="Swan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swan">swans</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Bering Cackling Goose, <em>Branta hutchinsii asiatica</em> (Komandorskie and Kurile Islands, N Pacific, c.1914 or 1929) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cackling Goose" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cackling_Goose">Cackling Goose</a> (formerly "Lesser Canada Geese") which is doubtfully distinct from the Aleutian one. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Washington Island Gadwall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Island_Gadwall">Washington Island Gadwall</a>, <em>Anas strepera couesi</em> (Teraina, Kiribati, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtfully distinct <a title="Gadwall" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadwall">Gadwall</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Rennell Island Teal, <em>Anas gibberifrons remissa</em> (Rennell, Solomon Islands, c.1959) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Sunda Teal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunda_Teal">Sunda Teal</a> which disappeared due to predation on young birds by the introduced <a title="Tilapia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilapia">tilapia</a> <em><a title="Oreochromis mossambicus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreochromis_mossambicus">Oreochromis mossambicus</a></em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Niceforo's Pintail, <em>Anas georgica niceforoi</em> (Colombia, 1950s) - <a title="Yellow-billed Pintail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-billed_Pintail">Yellow-billed Pintail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Borrero's Cinnamon Teal, <em>Anas cyanoptera borreroi</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cinnamon Teal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon_Teal">Cinnamon Teal</a> known only from a restricted area in the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia. It is either very rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Galliformes_2" name="Galliformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Galliformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=26">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Galliformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galliformes">Galliformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Quail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quail">Quails</a> and relatives.</p>
<ul>
<li>Italian Grey Partridge, <em>Perdix perdix italica</em> (Italy, c.1990) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Grey Partridge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Partridge">Grey Partridge</a> whose validity has been questioned; the last purebred individuals disappeared during the late 1980s due to hybridization with introduced birds. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Amik Gölü Black Francolin, <em>Francolinus francolinus billypayni</em> (S Turkey, possibly Lebanon, 1960s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtfully distinct subspecies of the <a title="Black Francolin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Francolin">Black Francolin</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Sicilian Black Francolin, <em>Francolinus francolinus</em> ssp. (Sicily, Mediterranean, c.1869) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another doubtfully distinct <a title="Black Francolin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Francolin">Black Francolin</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Heath Hen" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heath_Hen">Heath Hen</a>, <em>Tympanuchus cupido cupido</em>, (New England, North America, 1932) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Greater Prairie-Chicken" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Prairie-Chicken">Greater Prairie-Chicken</a> or possibly a distinct species. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>New Mexico Sharp-tailed Grouse, <em>Tympanuchus phasianellus hueyi</em> (New Mexico, North America, 1954) - <a title="Sharp-tailed Grouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharp-tailed_Grouse">Sharp-tailed Grouse</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Moroccan Guineafowl, <em>Numida meleagris sabyi</em> (Morocco, mid-20th century or early 1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Helmeted Guineafowl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmeted_Guineafowl">Helmeted Guineafowl</a>. Reportedly still kept in captivity in Morocco in late 1990s. Possibly extinct by 1950, the 3 1970s records may refer to feral domestic hybrids. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Charadriiformes_2" name="Charadriiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=27">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Charadriiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charadriiformes">Charadriiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Shorebird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shorebird">Shorebirds</a>, <a title="Gull" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gull">gulls</a> and <a title="Auk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auk">auks</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>North Island Snipe, <em>Coenocorypha aucklandica barrierensis</em> (North Island, New Zealand, 1870s) - <a title="New Zealand Snipe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Snipe">New Zealand Snipe</a> subspecies </li>
<li>South Island Snipe, <em>Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei</em> (South and Stewart Islands, New Zealand, 1964) - <a title="New Zealand Snipe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand_Snipe">New Zealand Snipe</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Tawitawi Small Buttonquail, <em>Turnix sylvatica suluensis</em> (Tawitawi, Philippines, mid-20th century) - <a title="Small Buttonquail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_Buttonquail">Small Buttonquail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>New Caledonia Painted Buttonquail, <em>Turnix varia novaecaledoniae</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Painted Buttonquail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted_Buttonquail">Painted Buttonquail</a> of somewhat unclear status, it is variously considered anything between a hybrid between introduced species to a full species. Plentiful subfossil bones indicate that it was indeed a good endemic form. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Kiritimati Sandpiper, <em>Prosobonia cancellata cancellata</em> (Kiritimati, Kiribati, 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The doubtfully distinct nominate subspecies of the <a title="Tuamotu Sandpiper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuamotu_Sandpiper">Tuamotu Sandpiper</a>, sometimes considered a distinct species, but only known from a painting. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Gruiformes_2" name="Gruiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Gruiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=28">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Gruiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruiformes">Gruiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Rallidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rallidae">Rails</a> and allies.</p>
<ul>
<li>Goldman's Yellow Rail, <em>Coturnicops noveboracensis goldmani</em> (Mexico, late 1960s) - <a title="Yellow Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Rail">Yellow Rail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Macquarie Island Buff-banded Rail, <em>Gallirallus philippensis macquariensis</em> (Macquarie Islands, SW Pacific, 1880s) - <a title="Buff-banded Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff-banded_Rail">Buff-banded Rail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Raoul Island Banded Rail, <em>Gallirallus philippensis</em> ssp. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, SW Pacific, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Reports of the former occurrence of the species on Raoul seem plausible enough, but they may relate to vagrant individuals of another <a title="Buff-banded Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff-banded_Rail">Buff-banded Rail</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Peruvian Rail, <em>Rallus semiplumbeus peruvianus</em> (Peru, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Bogota Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogota_Rail">Bogota Rail</a> which is known from a single specimen collected in the 1880s. It may still be extant. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Western Australian Lewin's Rail, <em>Lewinia pectoralis cleleandi</em> (SW Australia, late 1930s) - <a title="Lewin's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewin%27s_Rail">Lewin's Rail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Flores Lewin's Rail, <em>Lewinia pectoralis exsul</em> (Flores, Indonesia, late 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Lewin's Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewin%27s_Rail">Lewin's Rail</a> subspecies known only form 4 specimens. Not seen since 1959 despite attempts to find it, it is apparently extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Assumption White-throated Rail, <em>Dryolimnas cuvieri abbotti</em> (Assumption, Astove and Cosmoledo, Aldabra Islands, early 20th century) - <a title="White-throated Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Rail">White-throated Rail</a> subspecies. </li>
<li>Jamaican Uniform Crake, <em>Amaurolimnas concolor concolor</em> (Jamaica, West Indies, 1890) - <a title="Uniform Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Crake">Uniform Crake</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Intact Rail, <em>Gymnocrex plumbeiventris intactus</em> (Melanesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Bare-eyed Rail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bare-eyed_Rail">Bare-eyed Rail</a> which is known from a single specimen, c. mid-19th century, from the Solomon Islands or New Ireland. The taxon may be extant. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Bornean Baillon's Crake, <em>Porzana pusilla mira</em> (Borneo, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of <a title="Baillon's Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baillon%27s_Crake">Baillon's Crake</a> known from a single 1912 specimen and not found since; may be extinct, but species is hard to find. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Iwo Jima White-browed Crake, <em>Porzana cinerea brevipes</em> (Iwo Jima and Minami Iōjima, Ogasawara Islands, early 20th century). </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="White-browed Crake" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-browed_Crake">White-browed Crake</a> that is often considered synonymous with the nominate. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Moroccan Bustard, <em>Ardeotis arabs lynesi</em> (Morocco, 1990s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Arabian Bustard" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Bustard">Arabian Bustard</a>. Last observed in 1993 at Lac Merzouga/Lac Tamezguidat. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Luzon Sarus Crane, <em>Grus antigone luzonica</em> (Luzon, Philippines, late 1960s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Sarus Crane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarus_Crane">Sarus Crane</a> which is not always accepted as valid, probably mainly because the specimens have never been thoroughly studied since the subspecies' description. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Ciconiiformes_2" name="Ciconiiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Ciconiiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=29">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Ciconiiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciconiiformes">Ciconiiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron">Herons</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bonin Nankeen Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Nankeen_Night_Heron">Bonin Nankeen Night Heron</a>, <em>Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris</em> (Nakoudo-jima and <a title="Chichi-jima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichi-jima">Chichi-jima</a>, Ogasawara Islands, c.1890) - <a title="Nankeen Night Heron" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankeen_Night_Heron">Nankeen Night Heron</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Principe Olive Ibis, <em>Bostrychia olivacea rothschildi</em> (Principe, Gulf of Guinea, 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An <a title="Olive Ibis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_Ibis">Olive Ibis</a> subspecies, or (as <em>B. bocagei rothschildi</em>) one of the São Tomé Ibis if this is considered a distinct species. A probable sighting in 1994 was the first (and only) of these birds since the early 20th century; a population may yet survive. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Pelecaniformes_2" name="Pelecaniformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Pelecaniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=30">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Pelecaniformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelecaniformes">Pelecaniformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cormorant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cormorant">Cormorants</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Tasman Booby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasman_Booby">Tasman Booby</a>, <em>Sula dactylatra tasmani</em> fide van Tets <em>et al.</em>, 1988 (Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands, SW Pacific, c.1790?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This is often regarded as a distinct species, but at best it is a subspecies of the <a title="Masked Booby" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masked_Booby">Masked Booby</a>. Probably identical to the extant Lord Howe Island population described as <em>S. d. fullagari</em>, which would in this case be named <em>S. d. tasmani</em> fide Holdaway & Anderson, 2001. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Pteroclidiformes" name="Pteroclidiformes"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Pteroclidiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=31">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Pteroclidiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pteroclidiformes">Pteroclidiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Sandgrouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandgrouse">Sandgrouse</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Fayyum Sandgrouse, <em>Pterocles exustus floweri</em> (Egypt, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd><a title="Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut-bellied_Sandgrouse">Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse</a> subspecies, may have survived until early 1980s. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Columbiformes_2" name="Columbiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Columbiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=32">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Columbiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbiformes">Columbiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeon">Pigeons</a>, doves and <a title="Dodo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodo">dodos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Madeiran Wood Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeiran_Wood_Pigeon">Madeiran Wood Pigeon</a>, <em>Columba palumbus maderensis</em> (Madeira, East Atlantic, early 20th century) - <a title="Wood Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_Pigeon">Wood Pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Ogasawara Japanese Woodpigeon, <em>Columba janthina nitens</em> (Ogasawara Islands, Northwest Pacific, 1980s) - <a title="Japanese Wood-pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Wood-pigeon">Japanese Wood-pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Lord Howe Metallic Pigeon, <em>Columba vitiensis godmanae</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1853) - <a title="Metallic Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_Pigeon">Metallic Pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Tongan Metallic Pigeon, <em>Columba vitiensis</em> ssp. (Vava'u, Tonga, late 18th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of the <a title="Metallic Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_Pigeon">Metallic Pigeon</a> is only known from a footnote in <a title="John Latham (ornithologist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Latham_%28ornithologist%29">John Latham</a>'s "General History of Birds", and seems to have died out some time before 1800; possibly, the location is erroneous and the note really refers to the extant population of Fiji. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Catanduanes Bleeding-heart, <em>Gallicolumba luzonica rubiventris</em> (Catanduanes, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Luzon Bleeding-heart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzon_Bleeding-heart">Luzon Bleeding-heart</a> known from a single specimen collected in 1971. It is either near extinction or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Basilan Bleeding-heart, <em>Gallicolumba crinigera bartletti</em> (Basilan, Philippines, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Mindanao Bleeding-heart" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindanao_Bleeding-heart">Mindanao Bleeding-heart</a>, it was last reported in 1925 and given the massive habitat destruction is likely extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Vella Lavella Ground-dove, <em>Gallicolumba jobiensis chalconota</em> (Vella Lavella, Makira and Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a class="new" title="White-breasted Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White-breasted_Ground-dove&action=edit">White-breasted Ground-dove</a> or possibly a distinct species. Known from only 4 specimens, there are no recent records and the local population report it has disappeared. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>White-headed Polynesian Ground-dove, <em>Gallicolumba erythroptera albicollis</em> (Central Tuamotu Islands, 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The Central Tuamotu subspecies of the <a title="Polynesian Ground-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynesian_Ground-dove">Polynesian Ground-dove</a>, often referred to as <em>G. e. pectoralis</em>, disappeared at an undetermined date, but might still exist on some unsurveyed atolls. The identity of Northern Tuamotu populations, possibly still extant, is undetermined. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Ebon Purple-capped Fruit-dove, <em>Ptilinopus porphyraceus marshallianus</em> (Ebon, Marshall Islands?, late 19th century?) - <a title="Purple-capped Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purple-capped_Fruit-dove">Purple-capped Fruit-dove</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known from a single specimen collected in 1859, it is not certain whether this bird actually occurred on Ebon. All that can be said is that this subspecies is no longer found anywhere. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Mauke Fruit-dove, <em>Ptilinopus rarotongensis "byronensis"</em> (Mauke, Cook Islands, mid-/late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Rarotonga Fruit-dove" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rarotonga_Fruit-dove">Rarotonga Fruit-dove</a>, known only from the description of a now-lost specimen. the prehistorically extinct population on <a title="Mangaia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangaia">Mangaia</a> is likely to belong to another distinct subspecies too. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Negros Grey-necked Imperial-pigeon, <em>Ducula carola nigrorum</em> (Negros and probably Siquijor, late 20th century) - <a title="Grey-necked Imperial Pigeon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey-necked_Imperial_Pigeon">Grey-necked Imperial Pigeon</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Norfolk Island Kererū, <em>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, mid-19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Kererū" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB">Kererū</a> or New Zealand Pigeon. Similar birds were reported from Lord Howe Island; these seem to represent another extinct subspecies but are undescribed to date. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Raoul Island Kererū, <em>Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae</em> ssp. nov. (Raoul, Kermadec Islands, 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another undescribed subspecies (or possibly species) of the <a title="Kererū" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerer%C5%AB">Kererū</a>, known from bones and a brief report. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Psittaciformes_2" name="Psittaciformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Psittaciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=33">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Psittaciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes">Psittaciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parrot">Parrots</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Sangir Red and Blue Lory, <em>Eos histrio histrio</em> (Sangir Archipelago, Indonesia, c.1997) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Red and Blue Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_and_Blue_Lory">Red and Blue Lory</a> was hybridized out of existence by escaped trade individuals of the subspecies <em>talautensis</em>, the last purebred individuals disappearing in the 1990s or even much earlier. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Challenger's Lory, <em>Eos histrio challengeri</em> (Nenusa Islands, Talaud Archipelago, early 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A supposed subspecies of the <a title="Red and Blue Lory" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_and_Blue_Lory">Red and Blue Lory</a>, but probably invalid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Macquarie Island Red-crowned Parakeet, <em>Cyanoramphus erythrotis erythrotis</em> (Macquarie Islands, SW Pacific, c.1891) - <a class="new" title="Subantarctic Red-crowned Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subantarctic_Red-crowned_Parakeet&action=edit">Subantarctic Red-crowned Parakeet</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Lord Howe Island Red-fronted Parakeet, <em>Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae subflavescens</em> (Lord Howe Island, SW Pacific, c.1870) - <a title="Red-crowned Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-crowned_Parakeet">Red-crowned Parakeet</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Westerman's Eclectus Parrot, <em>Eclectus roratus westermani</em> (Indonesia, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from 16 captive birds specimens and last recorded in 1899, this enigmatic subspecies of the <a title="Eclectus Parrot" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclectus_Parrot">Eclectus Parrot</a> is often considered an aviary hybrid. However, it may has well have occurred on islands at the northern or eastern end of the Banda Sea, becoming extinct some time in the 20th century - or might even still exist in a little-surveyed location. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Réunion Parakeet, <em>Psittacula eques eques</em> (Réunion, Mascarenes, mid-18th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Known only from a painting and descriptions; if it is accepted as valid, it would become the nominate subspecies of the <a title="Echo Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo_Parakeet">Echo Parakeet</a>, extant on Mauritius, which would then have to be called <em>P. eques echo</em>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Siquijor Colasisi, <em>Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis</em> (Siquijor, Philippines, 1990s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Colasisi" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colasisi">Colasisi</a> or Philippine Hanging Parrot, either very rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Puerto Rican Parakeet, <em>Aratinga chloroptera maugei</em> (Mona and possibly Puerto Rico, West Indies, 1890s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A weakly differentiated subspecies of the <a title="Hispaniolan Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispaniolan_Parakeet">Hispaniolan Parakeet</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Sinú Brown-throated Parakeet, <em>Aratinga pertinax griseipecta</em> (Colombia, mid-/late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Brown-throated Parakeet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown-throated_Parakeet">Brown-throated Parakeet</a> known from only 2 specimens collected in 1949 and of unclear taxonomical and conservation status. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Culebra Island Amazon, <em>Amazona vittata gracilipes</em> (Culebra, West Indies, 1900s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A weakly differentiated subspecies of the <a title="Puerto Rican Amazon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Amazon">Puerto Rican Amazon</a> which is itself highly endangered. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Cuculiformes_2" name="Cuculiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Cuculiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=34">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Cuculiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuculiformes">Cuculiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuckoo">Cuckoos</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Greater Crested Coua, <em>Coua cristata maxima</em> (SE Madagascar, late 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd><a title="Crested Coua" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crested_Coua">Crested Coua</a> subspecies, known only from a single specimen taken in 1950 </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Timor Pheasant Coucal, <em>Centropus phasianinus mui</em> (Timor, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A very distinctive <a title="Pheasant Coucal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheasant_Coucal">Pheasant Coucal</a> subspecies or possibly a distinct species which is mysteriously only known from one specimen. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Assumption Island Coucal, <em>Centropus toulou assumptionis</em> (Assumption Island, Seychelles, c.1920s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Madagascar Coucal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Coucal">Madagascar Coucal</a> subspecies often considered synonymous with the Aldabra form <em>insularis</em>, which has recolonized Assumption Island at a later date. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cabo San Lucas Groove-billed Ani, <em>Crotophaga sulcirostris pallidula</em> (Mexico, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A weakly differentiated and probably invalid subspecies of the <a title="Groove-billed Ani" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groove-billed_Ani">Groove-billed Ani</a> </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Bahía Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo, <em>Neomorphus geoffroyi maximiliani</em> (E Brazil, mid-20th century) - <a title="Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous-vented_Ground_Cuckoo">Rufous-vented Ground Cuckoo</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="Falconiformes_2" name="Falconiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Falconiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=35">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Falconiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falconiformes">Falconiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Bird of prey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird_of_prey">Birds of prey</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cape Verde Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde_Kite">Cape Verde Kite</a>, <em>Milvus</em> (<em>milvus</em>) <em>fasciicauda</em> (Cape Verde Islands, E Atlantic, 2000) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Considered either a subspecies of the <a title="Red Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Kite">Red Kite</a>, a distinct species, or a hybrid between <a title="Red Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Kite">Red</a> and <a title="Black Kite" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Kite">Black Kites</a>, the validity of this taxon has recently being questioned on the basis of molecular analysis. However, hybridization and a confusing molecular phylogeny of Red Kite populations coupled with the distinct phenotype of the Cape Verde birds suggest that the taxonomic status of this form is far from resolved. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Anjouan Island Sparrowhawk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjouan_Island_Sparrowhawk">Anjouan Island Sparrowhawk</a>, <em>Accipiter francesii pusillus</em> </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of <a title="Frances's Sparrowhawk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%27s_Sparrowhawk">Frances's Sparrowhawk</a> from Ndzouani (Anjouan), Comoros, was last seen in 1958; given that few habitat remains, it is probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Car Nicobar Sparrowhawk, <em>Accipiter butleri butleri</em> (Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Nicobar Sparrowhawk" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicobar_Sparrowhawk">Nicobar Sparrowhawk</a> - which is currently listed as <a title="Endangered Species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_Species">Vulnerable</a> - is possibly extinct. It was last reliably recorded in 1901 and despite searches, has not been sighted after an unconfirmed record in 1977. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Korean Sea-eagle, <em>Haliaeetus pelagicus niger</em> (Korea, 1950s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Steller's Sea-eagle" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steller%27s_Sea-eagle">Steller's Sea-eagle</a> subspecies of uncertain distinctness. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Volcano Islands Peregrine Falcon, <em>Falco peregrinus furuitii</em>. (Ogasawara Islands, 1940s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd><a title="Peregrine falcon" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrine_falcon">Peregrine falcon</a> subspecies from the <a title="Bonin Islands" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_Islands">Bonin Islands</a>. No sightings since 1945. A survey in 1982 failed to find this bird. Only known from <a title="Iwo Jima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iwo_Jima">Iwo Jima</a> and <a class="new" title="Torishima" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torishima&action=edit">Torishima</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Strigiformes_2" name="Strigiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Strigiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=36">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Strigiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strigiformes">Strigiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Typical owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typical_owl">Typical owls</a> and <a title="Barn-owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barn-owl">barn-owls</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Sulu Reddish Scops Owl, <em>Otus rufescens burbidgei</em> (Sulu, Philippines, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Reddish Scops Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reddish_Scops_Owl">Reddish Scops Owl</a>. Known from a single questionable specimen and may not be valid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Virgin Islands Screech Owl, <em>Otus nudipes newtoni</em> (Virgin Islands, Caribbean, 1860s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Puerto Rican Screech Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Screech_Owl">Puerto Rican Screech Owl</a> of somewhat doubtful validity which occurred on several of the Virgin Islands, West Indies. The last reliable records are in 1860; it was not found in thorough surveys in 1995. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Socorro Elf Owl, <em>Micrathene whitneyi graysoni</em> (Socorro, Revillagigedo Islands, c.1970) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Elf Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_Owl">Elf Owl</a>; the last specimen was taken in 1932, but there apparently still was a large population in 1958. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Antiguan Burrowing Owl, <em>Athene cunicularia amaura</em> (Antigua, St Kitts and Nevis, West Indies, c.1905) - <a title="Burrowing Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrowing_Owl">Burrowing Owl</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Guadeloupe Burrowing Owl, <em>Athene cunicularia guadeloupensis</em> (Guadeloupe and Marie-Galante, West Indies, c.1890) - <a title="Burrowing Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrowing_Owl">Burrowing Owl</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Lord Howe Island Morepork, <em>Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1950s) - <a title="Southern Boobook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Boobook">Southern Boobook</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Norfolk Island Morepork, <em>Ninox novaeseelandiae undulata</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, 1996) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Individuals of the <a title="Southern Boobook" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Boobook">nominate subspecies</a> were introduced in a last-ditch effort to save the local owl population. There now exists a hybrid population of a few dozen birds; the last individual of <em>N. n. undulata</em>, a female named <em>Miamiti</em> died in 1996. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cave-nesting Masked Owl, <em>Tyto novaehollandiae troughtoni</em> (Nullarbor Plain, Australia, 1960s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Doubtfully distinct from <a title="Australian Masked Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Masked_Owl">nominate subspecies</a>, but differed behaviorally. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Buru Masked Owl, <em>Tyto sororcula cayelii</em> (Buru, Indonesia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Subspecies of <a title="Lesser Masked Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_Masked_Owl">Lesser Masked Owl</a>. Last recorded in 1921; the identity of a similar bird found on Seram remains to be determined. Seems to survive as an owl matching this bird's description was encountered in August, 2006. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Peleng Masked Owl, <em>Tyto rosenbergii pelengensis</em> (Peleng, Banggai Islands, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Subspecies of <a title="Sulawesi Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Owl">Sulawesi Owl</a> or separate species. Possibly extant, but only specimen known taken in 1938 and no further records. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Samar Bay Owl, <em>Phodilus badius riverae</em> (Samar, Philippines, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Subspecies of <a title="Oriental Bay Owl" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriental_Bay_Owl">Oriental Bay Owl</a> or possibly distinct species. Taxonomy doubtful but only specimen lost in 1945 bombing raid so validity cannot be verified; no population exists on Samar today. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Caprimulgiformes_2" name="Caprimulgiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Caprimulgiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=37">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Caprimulgiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightjar">Nightjars</a> and allies.</p>
<ul>
<li>New Caledonian White-throated Eared-nightjar, <em>Eurostopodus mystacalis exsul</em> (New Caledonia, Melanesia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This distinct subspecies of the <a title="White-throated Eared-nightjar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Eared-nightjar">White-throated Eared-nightjar</a> is possibly a separate species. It was found only once; due to its cryptic habits, it possibly still exists, but this is now considered unlikely. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Apodiformes_2" name="Apodiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Apodiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=38">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Apodiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apodiformes">Apodiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Swift" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift">Swifts</a> and <a title="Hummingbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hummingbird">hummingbirds</a>.</p>
<ul>
<li>Alejandro Selkirk Firecrown, <em>Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi</em> (Alejandro Selkirk Island, Juan Fernandez Islands, Southeast Pacific, 1908) - <a title="Juan Fernandez Firecrown" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Fernandez_Firecrown">Juan Fernandez Firecrown</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Luzon Whitehead's Swiftlet, <em>Collocalia whiteheadi whiteheadi</em> (Luzon, Philippines, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of <a title="Whitehead's Swiftlet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead%27s_Swiftlet">Whitehead's Swiftlet</a> is only known from four specimens collected at <a class="new" title="Mount Data" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mount_Data&action=edit">Mount Data</a> in 1895 and from the lack of further records and the massive habitat destruction, it is usually considered extinct. Given the size of the island, it might still exist though. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Coraciiformes_2" name="Coraciiformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Coraciiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=39">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Coraciiformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraciiformes">Coraciiformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingfisher">Kingfishers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li>Sangihe Dwarf-kingfisher, <em>Ceyx fallax sangirensis</em> (Sangihe, Indonesia, 1998?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of the <a title="Sulawesi Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi_Kingfisher">Sulawesi Kingfisher</a> was last seen in 1997 but not during a thorough survey one year later; it is either close to extinction or already extinct. Sometimes it is said to occur on Talaud Islands also, but this is erroneous. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Rarotonga Kingfisher, <em>Todiramphus</em> cf. <em>tutus</em> (Rarotonga, Cook Islands, mid-1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>There exist reports of locals that kingfishers - probably a subspecies of the <a title="Chattering Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattering_Kingfisher">Chattering Kingfisher</a> which is found on neighboring islands, but possibly vagrants from there - were found until around 1979, and there is a last record from 1984. Presently, no kingfishers are known to exist on Rarotonga. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Mangareva Kingfisher, <em>Todiramphus gambieri gambieri</em> (Mangareva, Gambier Islands, late 19th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Only known from a single 1844 specimen, the nominate subspecies of the <a title="Tuamotu Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuamotu_Kingfisher">Tuamotu Kingfisher</a> was not found anymore when it was next searched for in 1922. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Javan Blue-banded Kingfisher, <em>Alcedo euryzona euryzona</em> (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a class="new" title="Blue-banded Kingfischer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blue-banded_Kingfischer&action=edit">Blue-banded Kingfischer</a>; the last specimen was taken in 1937 and the last unconfirmed records are from the 1950s. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Guadalcanal Little Kingfisher, <em>Alcedo pusilla aolae</em> (Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands) - <a title="Little Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Kingfisher">Little Kingfisher</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Malaita Variable Kingfisher, <em>Ceyx lepidus malaitae</em> (Malaita, Solomon Islands) - <a title="Variable Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_Kingfisher">Variable Kingfisher</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Sakarha Pygmy Kingfisher, <em>Ispidina madagascariensis dilutus</em> (Southwest Madagascar, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>This subspecies of the <a title="Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar_Pygmy_Kingfisher">Madagascar Pygmy Kingfisher</a> is only known from one specimen taken in 1974 in an area where most habitat had already been lost. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Ticao Tarictic Hornbill, <em>Penelopides panini ticaensis</em> (Ticao, Philippines, 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Tarictic Hornbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarictic_Hornbill">Tarictic Hornbill</a> of somewhat uncertain status - possibly a distinct species, possibly a color morph -; the last confirmed report was in 1971 and it became extinct shortly thereafter. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Piciformes_2" name="Piciformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Piciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=40">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Piciformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piciformes">Piciformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodpecker">Woodpeckers</a> and related birds.</p>
<ul>
<li>Guadalupe Flicker, <em>Colaptes cafer rufipileus</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, c.1910) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the Red-shafted Flicker (or the <a title="Northern Flicker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Flicker">Northern Flicker</a>, as <em>C. auratus rufipileus</em>), it was last recorded in 1906 and not found anymore in 1911 and 1922. Recently, vagrant birds of a mainland subspecies have begun recolonizing the island as the habitat improves after the removal of feral goats. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Javan Buff-rumped Woodpecker, <em>Meiglyptes tristis tristis</em> (Java, Indonesia, c.1920) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Buff-rumped Woodpecker" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff-rumped_Woodpecker">Buff-rumped Woodpecker</a> became rare during the 19th century due to destruction of habitat. The last confirmed record was in 1880, and it obviously became extinct in the early 20th century. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Northern White-mantled Barbet, <em>Capito hypoleucus hypoleucus</em> (Colombia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="White-mantled Barbet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-mantled_Barbet">White-mantled Barbet</a> has not been seen since the late 1940s and its habitat has been almost completely destroyed. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Botero White-mantled Barbet, <em>Capito hypoleucus carrikeri</em> (Colombia, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the <a title="White-mantled Barbet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-mantled_Barbet">White-mantled Barbet</a>, last seen in 1950. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Todd's Jacamar, <em>Brachygalba lugubris phaeonota</em> (Brazil, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Brown Jacamar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Jacamar">Brown Jacamar</a>, or possibly a hybrid, color morph or full species. Might survive as it is only known from a remote and seldom visited area. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="Passeriformes_2" name="Passeriformes_2"></a></p>
<h3><span class="editsection">[<a title="Edit section: Passeriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Extinct_birds&action=edit&section=41">edit</a>]</span> <span class="mw-headline"><a title="Passeriformes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passeriformes">Passeriformes</a></span></h3>
<p><a title="Perching bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perching_bird">Perching birds</a>.</p>
<p><strong><a title="Tyrannidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrannidae">Tyrannidae</a></strong> - Tyrant flycatchers</p>
<ul>
<li>Bogotá Bearded Tachuri, <em>Polystictus pectoralis bogotensis</em> (C Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Bearded Tachuri" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_Tachuri">Bearded Tachuri</a> subspecies or possibly a distinct species that has not been recorded for some time and is probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Grenadan Euler's Flycatcher - <em>Lathrotriccus euleri flaviventris</em> (Grenada, West Indies, early 1950s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of <a title="Euler's Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_Flycatcher">Euler's Flycatcher</a>, formerly known as <em>Empidonax euleri johnstonei</em>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pittidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittidae">Pittidae</a></strong> - Pittas</p>
<ul>
<li>Bougainville Black-faced Pitta, <em>Pitta anerythra pallida</em> (Bougainville, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Black-faced Pitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-faced_Pitta">Black-faced Pitta</a>. Once common on Bougainville, but not recorded since 1938. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Choiseul Black-faced Pitta, <em>Pitta anerythra nigrifrons</em> (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the <a title="Black-faced Pitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-faced_Pitta">Black-faced Pitta</a>. Not found anymore during recent searches; doubtful records from nearby islands. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Furnariidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnariidae">Furnariidae</a></strong> - Ovenbirds</p>
<ul>
<li>Peruvian Scale-throated Earthcreeper, <em>Upucerthia dumetaria peruana</em> (Peru, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Scale-throated Earthcreeper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale-throated_Earthcreeper">Scale-throated Earthcreeper</a>, it is only known from 2 specimens taken in the early 1950s at Puno, Peru, and has never been found since. It might still exist, or have become extinct due to habitat destruction in the meantime. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Northern Stripe-crowned Spinetail, <em>Cranioleuca pyrrhophia rufipennis</em> (N Bolivia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Stripe-crowned Spinetail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stripe-crowned_Spinetail">Stripe-crowned Spinetail</a> subspecies known from a few specimens and not recorded since the 1950s; may be endangered or even extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Formicariidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formicariidae">Formicariidae</a></strong> - Antpittas and antthrushes</p>
<ul>
<li>Northern Giant Antpitta, <em>Grallaria gigantea lehmanni</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Giant Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Antpitta">Giant Antpitta</a> (or possibly <a title="Great Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Antpitta">Great Antpitta</a>) subspecies apparently not recorded since the 1940s. Might still survive in <a class="new" title="Puracé National Park" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purac%C3%A9_National_Park&action=edit">Puracé National Park</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Nariño Giant Antpitta, <em>Grallaria gigantea hylodroma</em> (Colombia, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another <a title="Giant Antpitta" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_Antpitta">Giant Antpitta</a> subspecies, or possibly a distinct species, probably last recorded in 1989, but not anymore some years later. might still persist in <a class="new" title="La Planada Nature Reserve" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=La_Planada_Nature_Reserve&action=edit">La Planada Nature Reserve</a>, but searches were unsuccessful. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pardalotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardalotidae">Pardalotidae</a></strong> - Pardalotes, scrubwrens, thornbills, and gerygones</p>
<ul>
<li>Western Rufous Bristlebird, <em>Dasyornis broadbenti littoralis</em> (Australia, 20th century) - <a title="Rufous Bristlebird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous_Bristlebird">Rufous Bristlebird</a> subspecies </li>
<li>King Island Brown Thornbill, <em>Acanthiza pusilla archibaldi</em> (King Island, Australia, early 1970s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Brown Thornbill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Thornbill">Brown Thornbill</a> subspecies which was last found in <a title="1971" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971">1971</a>, but there was an unconfirmed report in <a title="2002" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002">2002</a> suggesting a small number is still extant. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cinclosomatidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinclosomatidae">Cinclosomatidae</a></strong> - Whipbirds and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Mount Lofty Spotted Quail-thrush, <em>Cinclosoma punctatum anachoreta</em> (Australia, mid-1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Spotted Quail-thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Quail-thrush">Spotted Quail-thrush</a>, last recorded in 1984. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Dicruridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicruridae">Dicruridae</a></strong> - Monarch flycatchers and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Negros Celestial Monarch, <em>Hypothymis coelestis rabori</em> (Negros and possibly Sibuyan, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Celestial Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_Monarch">Celestial Monarch</a>, not uncommon on Negros in 1959, but never recorded afterwards. A single Sibuyan specimen from a unspecified locality taken in the 19th century is the only record for this island. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Hiva Oa Monarch, <em>Pomarea mendozae mendozae</em> (Hiva Oa and Tahuata, Marquesas, late 1970s) - <a title="Marquesas Monarch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marquesas_Monarch">Marquesas Monarch</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Manu'a Shrikebill, <em>Clytorhynchus vitiensis powelli</em> (Manu'a Islands, Samoa, 1990s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Usually treated as a subspecies of the <a title="Fiji Shrikebill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji_Shrikebill">Fiji Shrikebill</a> but probably a distinct species, the American Samoan population declined due to habitat destruction and may have become extinct following the cyclones <a class="new" title="Cyclone Ofa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyclone_Ofa&action=edit">Ofa</a> and <a title="Cyclone Val" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclone_Val">Val</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Nendo Shrikebill, <em>Clytorhynchus nigrogularis sanctaecrucis</em> (Nendo, Santa Cruz Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Black-throated Shrikebill" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-throated_Shrikebill">Black-throated Shrikebill</a> or more probably a distinct species that was only once found, in 1927. Due to lack of research it is not known whether this bird still exists; it was not found during the single thorough survey in recent times and it can be presumed to be affected by habitat destruction and typhoons. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Lord Howe Fantail, <em>Rhipidura fuliginosa cervina</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1925) - <a title="Grey Fantail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Fantail">Grey Fantail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Guam Rufous Fantail, <em>Rhipidura rufifrons uraniae</em> (Guam, Marianas, 1984) - <a title="Rufous Fantail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous_Fantail">Rufous Fantail</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Campephagidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campephagidae">Campephagidae</a></strong> - Cuckoo-shrikes and trillers</p>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike, <em>Coracina striata cebuensis</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) - <a title="Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar-bellied_Cuckoo-shrike">Bar-bellied Cuckoo-shrike</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Maros Cicadabird, <em>Coracina tenuirostris edithae</em> (Sulawesi, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cicadabird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicadabird">Cicadabird</a> known from a single specimen collected in 1931; quite possibly just a vagrant individual. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Blackish Cuckoo-shrike, <em>Coracina coerulescens altera</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Blackish Cuckoo-shrike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackish_Cuckoo-shrike">Blackish Cuckoo-shrike</a> subspecies; possibly extant as the birds are rather unmistakable and a 1999 record therefore likely to be valid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Marinduque Blackish Cuckoo-shrike, <em>Coracina coerulescens deschauenseei</em> (Marinduque, Philippines, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another <a title="Blackish Cuckoo-shrike" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackish_Cuckoo-shrike">Blackish Cuckoo-shrike</a> subspecies, described from specimens collected in 1971, but apparently not seen since. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Norfolk Island Long-tailed Triller, <em>Lalage leucopyga leucopyga</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, 1942) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Long-tailed Triller" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-tailed_Triller">Long-tailed Triller</a>, possibly a distinct species. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Oriolidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriolidae">Oriolidae</a></strong> - Orioles and Figbird</p>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Dark-throated Oriole, <em>Oriolus xanthonotus assimilis</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) - <a title="Dark-throated Oriole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-throated_Oriole">Dark-throated Oriole</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Corvidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvidae">Corvidae</a></strong> - Crows, ravens, magpies and jays</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Pied Raven" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pied_Raven">Pied Raven</a>, <em>Corvus corax varius</em> morpha <em>leucophaeus</em> (Faroe Islands, 1948) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A distinct local variety of the Icelandic subspecies of the <a title="Common Raven" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Raven">Common Raven</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Callaeidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callaeidae">Callaeidae</a></strong> - New Zealand wattlebirds</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Kōkako" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dkako">South Island Kōkako</a>, <em>Callaeas cinerea cinerea</em> (South Island, New Zealand, 1960s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Kōkako" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dkako">Kōkako</a> is usually considered extinct, as it has not been reliably recorded for decades. However, there are recent reports from Fiordland suggesting a population still exists. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cinclidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinclidae">Cinclidae</a></strong> - Dippers</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Cyprus Dipper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus_Dipper">Cyprus Dipper</a>, <em>Cinclus cinclus olympicus</em> (Cyprus, Northeast Mediterranean, 1950s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="White-throated Dipper" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated_Dipper">White-throated Dipper</a> of questionable validity. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Ploceidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ploceidae">Ploceidae</a></strong> - Weavers</p>
<ul>
<li>Ruwet's Masked-weaver, <em>Ploceus reichardi ruweti</em> (D.R. Congo, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Tanzania Masked-weaver" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania_Masked-weaver">Tanzania Masked-weaver</a>, formerly considered a distinct species. No recent information on its status, and it may be a hybrid. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Estrildidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrildidae">Estrildidae</a></strong> - Estrildid finches (waxbills, munias, etc)</p>
<ul>
<li>Southern Star Finch, <em>Neochmia ruficauda ruficauda</em> (Australia, c.2000) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Star Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_Finch">Star Finch</a>; officially <a title="Endangered species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_species"><font color="#810081">critically endangered</font></a> but probably recently extinct. Not known to survive in captivity. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Thraupidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thraupidae">Thraupidae</a></strong> - Tanagers</p>
<ul>
<li>Gonâve Western Chat-tanager, <em>Calyptophilus tertius abbotti</em> (Gonâve, West Indies, c.<a title="1980" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980">1980</a>?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a class="new" title="Western Chat-tanager" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Western_Chat-tanager&action=edit">Western Chat-tanager</a> subspecies last recorded in 1977 and probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Samaná Eastern Chat-tanager, <em>Calyptophilus frugivorus frugivorus</em> (E Hispaniola, West Indies, 1980s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An <a title="Eastern Chat-tanager" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Chat-tanager">Eastern Chat-tanager</a>; the last (unconfirmed?) record was in 1982. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Icteridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icteridae">Icteridae</a></strong> - Grackles</p>
<ul>
<li>Grand Cayman Oriole, <em>Icterus leucopteryx bairdi</em> (Grand Cayman, West Indies, mid-20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Jamaican Oriole" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaican_Oriole">Jamaican Oriole</a>, last reliably recorded in 1938. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Fringillidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fringillidae">Fringillidae</a></strong> - True finches</p>
<ul>
<li>San Benito House Finch, <em>Carpodacus mexicanus mcgregori</em> (San Benito, East Pacific, c.1940s) - <a title="House Finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Finch">House Finch</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Drepanididae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drepanididae">Drepanididae</a></strong> - Hawaiian honeycreepers</p>
<ul>
<li>Lana‘i ‘Alauahio, <em>Paroreomyza montana montana</em> (Lana‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 1937) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a class="new" title="Maui ‘Alauahio" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maui_%E2%80%98Alauahio&action=edit">Maui ‘Alauahio</a> (or properly Maui Nui ‘Alauahio). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Maui Akepa, <em>Loxops coccineus ochraceus</em> (Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 1988) - <a title="Akepa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akepa">Akepa</a> subspecies </li>
<li>O‘ahu Akepa, <em>Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei</em> (O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, 1990s) - <a title="Akepa" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akepa">Akepa</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Laysan ‘Apapane, <em>Himatione (sanguinea) freethi</em> (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, 1923) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The last individuals of this subspecies of the <a class="new" title="‘Apapane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E2%80%98Apapane&action=edit">‘Apapane</a>, possibly a distinct species, disappeared in a sandstorm, probably on the night of <a title="April 23" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_23">April 23</a>/<a title="April 24" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_24">April 24</a>, 1923. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Emberizidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emberizidae">Emberizidae</a></strong> - Buntings and American sparrows</p>
<div class="thumb tright">
<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 252px"><a class="image" title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="381" alt="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/de/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg/250px-Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg" width="250" border="0" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption">
<div class="magnify" style="FLOAT: right"><a class="internal" title="Enlarge" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow.jpg"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></a></div>
<a title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow">Dusky Seaside Sparrow</a></div>
</div>
</div>
<ul>
<li>Saint Kitts Bullfinch, <em>Loxigilla portoricensis grandis</em> (Saint Kitts and prehistorically Barbuda, West Indies, 1930) - <a title="Puerto Rican Bullfinch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Bullfinch">Puerto Rican Bullfinch</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Todos Santos Rufous-crowned Sparrow, <em>Aimophila ruficeps sanctorum</em> (Islas Todos Santos, E Pacific, 1970s) - <a title="Rufous-crowned Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufous-crowned_Sparrow">Rufous-crowned Sparrow</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="Dusky Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dusky_Seaside_Sparrow">Dusky Seaside Sparrow</a>, <em>Ammodramus maritimus nigrescens</em> (Florida, 1987) - <a title="Seaside Sparrow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaside_Sparrow">Seaside Sparrow</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Guadalupe Spotted Towhee, <em>Pipilo maculatus consobrinus</em> (Guadalupe Island, East Pacific, c.1900) - <a title="Spotted Towhee" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spotted_Towhee">Spotted Towhee</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Darwin's Large Ground-finch, <em>Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris</em> (Floreana?, Galapagos Islands, 1957?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The subspecies of the <a title="Large Ground-finch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Ground-finch">Large Ground-finch</a> collected by <a title="Charles Darwin" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> in 1835; he gave no precise locality. A similar bird was found in 1957, but no others have ever been seen. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Mimidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimidae">Mimidae</a></strong> - Mockingbirds and thrashers</p>
<ul>
<li>Barbados Scaly-breasted Thrasher, <em>Allenia fusca atlantica</em> (Barbados, West Indies, c.1990) - <a title="Scaly-breasted Thrasher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaly-breasted_Thrasher">Scaly-breasted Thrasher</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wren">Troglodytidae</a></strong> - Wrens</p>
<ul>
<li>San Benedicto Rock Wren, <em>Salpinctes obsoletus exsul</em> (San Benedicto, Revillagigedo Islands, 1952) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Rock Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_Wren">Rock Wren</a> which became extinct around 9 AM, <a title="August 1" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_1">August 1</a>, <a title="1952" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952">1952</a>, when its island habitat was devastated by a massive volcanic eruption. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Guadalupe Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_Bewick%27s_Wren">Guadalupe Bewick's Wren</a>, <em>Thyromanes bewickii brevicauda</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 1900s) - <a title="Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewick%27s_Wren">Bewick's Wren</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="San Clemente Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Clemente_Bewick%27s_Wren">San Clemente Bewick's Wren</a>, <em>Thryomanes bewickii leucophrys</em> (San Clemente, East Pacific, 1940s) - <a title="Bewick's Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bewick%27s_Wren">Bewick's Wren</a> subspecies </li>
<li><a title="Daito Winter Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daito_Winter_Wren">Daito Winter Wren</a>, <em>Troglodytes troglodytes orii</em> (Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A disputed <a title="Winter Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Wren">Winter Wren</a> subspecies; as it is known from a single specimen that may have been a vagrant individual, it is possibly invalid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Guadeloupe House Wren, <em>Troglodytes aedon guadeloupensis</em> (Guadeloupe, Caribbean, after 1914) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="House Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Wren">House Wren</a> (or, if that species is split, the Southern House Wren, as <em>T. musculus guadeloupensis</em>). </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Martinique House Wren, <em>Troglodytes aedon martinicensis</em> (Martinique, Caribbean, c.1890) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the (Southern, as <em>T. musculus martinicensis</em>) <a title="House Wren" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Wren">House Wren</a>. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Paridae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paridae">Paridae</a></strong> - Tits, chickadees and titmice</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Daito Varied Tit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daito_Varied_Tit">Daito Varied Tit</a>, <em>Poecile varia orii</em> (Daito Islands, Northwest Pacific, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Varied Tit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varied_Tit">Varied Tit</a> subspecies, variously placed in <a title="Genus" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus">genus</a> <em>Sittiparus</em> and <em>Parus</em> also. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Hirundinidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hirundinidae">Hirundinidae</a></strong> - Swallows and martins</p>
<ul>
<li>Jamaican Golden Swallow, <em>Tachycineta euchrysea euchrysea</em> (Jamaica, West Indies, c.1990?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="Golden Swallow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Swallow">Golden Swallow</a>, endemic to Jamaica. The last major roost-site was destroyed in 1987, and the last confirmed sighting was in 1989. May still exist in the <a title="Cockpit Country" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cockpit_Country">Cockpit Country</a>, but probably extinct. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Regulidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulidae">Regulidae</a></strong> - Kinglets</p>
<ul>
<li>Guadalupe Ruby-crowned Kinglet, <em>Regulus calendula obscurus</em> (Guadalupe, East Pacific, 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Ruby-crowned Kinglet" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby-crowned_Kinglet">Ruby-crowned Kinglet</a> that has not been found in recent times. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Pycnonotidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pycnonotidae">Pycnonotidae</a></strong> - Bulbuls</p>
<ul>
<li>Sumatra Blue-wattled Bulbul, <em>Pycnonotus nieuwenhuisii inexspectatus</em> (Sumatra, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Blue-wattled Bulbul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue-wattled_Bulbul">Blue-wattled Bulbul</a> known from a single 1937 specimen. The entire "species" may be a hybrid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cebu Streak-breasted Bulbul, <em>Ixos siquijorensis monticola</em> (Cebu, Philippines, early 20th century) - <a title="Streak-breasted Bulbul" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streak-breasted_Bulbul">Streak-breasted Bulbul</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Sylviidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylviidae">Sylviidae</a></strong> - Old World warblers</p>
<ul>
<li>Babar Stubtail, <em>Urosphena subulata advena</em> (Babar, Indonesia, mid-20th century) - <a title="Timor Stubtail" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timor_Stubtail">Timor Stubtail</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Aguiguan Nightingale Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus luscinia nijoi</em> (Aguiguan, Marianas, c.1997) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Nightingale Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightingale_Reed-warbler">Nightingale Reed-warbler</a> of uncertain validity. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Astrolabe Nightingale Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus luscinia astrolabii</em> (Marianas?, mid-19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A valid taxon, probably a subspecies of the <a title="Nightingale Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightingale_Reed-warbler">Nightingale Reed-warbler</a>, known from just 2 specimens found at an unknown location in the western Pacific. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Pagan Nightingale Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus luscinia yamashinae</em> (Pagan, Marianas, 1970s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another doubtful subspecies of the <a title="Nightingale Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightingale_Reed-warbler">Nightingale Reed-warbler</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Laysan Millerbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laysan_Millerbird">Laysan Millerbird</a>, <em>Acrocephalus familiaris familiaris</em> (Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands, late 1910s) - <a title="Millerbird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerbird">Millerbird</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Huahine Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus caffer garretti</em> (Huahine, Society Islands, 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A poorly known subspecies of the <a title="Tahiti Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti_Reed-warbler">Tahiti Reed-warbler</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Raiatea Reed-warbler, <em>Acrocephalus caffer musae</em> (Raiatea, Society Islands, 19th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Another subspecies of the <a title="Tahiti Reed-warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahiti_Reed-warbler">Tahiti Reed-warbler</a>, known only from a drawing. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Western Turner's Eremomela, <em>Eremomela turneri kalindei</em> (Congo Basin, early 1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The West African subspecies of <a title="Turner's Eremomela" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turner%27s_Eremomela">Turner's Eremomela</a> has not been recorded since the end of the 1970s and habitat at the locations where it was once found is much reduced or destroyed. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Chapin's Crombec, <em>Sylvietta leucophrys chapini</em> (Congo Basin, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="White-browed Crombec" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-browed_Crombec">White-browed Crombec</a>, sometimes listed as a separate species. Restricted to the <a class="new" title="Lendu Plateau" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lendu_Plateau&action=edit">Lendu Plateau</a>, it is either rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Canary_Islands_Chiffchaff">Eastern Canary Islands Chiffchaff</a>, <em>Phylloscopus canariensis exsul</em> (Lanzarote and possibly Fuerteventura, Canary Islands, 1986?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Canary Islands Chiffchaff" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_Islands_Chiffchaff">Canary Islands Chiffchaff</a>, it became extinct in 1986 at latest, but probably much earlier, at some time in the first half of the <a title="20th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century">20th century</a>. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Vanua Levu Long-legged Warbler, <em>Trichocichla rufa clunei</em> (Vanua Levu, Fiji, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Long-legged Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-legged_Warbler">Long-legged Warbler</a>; it was only found once, but there was an unconfirmed sighting in 1990. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Fayyum Warbler, <em>Sylvia melanocephala norissae</em> (Egypt, c.1940) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A doubtfully distinct <a title="Sardinian Warbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sardinian_Warbler">Sardinian Warbler</a> subspecies. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Cisticolidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisticolidae">Cisticolidae</a></strong> - Cisticolas and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Northern White-winged Apalis, <em>Apalis chariessa chariessa</em> (Kenya, 1960s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of the <a title="White-winged Apalis" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-winged_Apalis">White-winged Apalis</a> remains known only from the Tana River, a center of endemism. It was last recorded in 1961. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Zosteropidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zosteropidae">Zosteropidae</a></strong> - White-eyes</p>
<ul>
<li>Guam Bridled White-eye, <em>Zosterops conspicillatus conspicillatus</em> (Guam, Marianas, 1983) - <a title="Bridled White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridled_White-eye">Bridled White-eye</a> nominate subspecies or possibly monotypic species. </li>
<li><a title="Seychelles Chestnut-sided White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles_Chestnut-sided_White-eye">Seychelles Chestnut-sided White-eye</a>, <em>Zosterops mayottensis semiflava</em> (Marianne Island, Seychelles, late 19th century). Extinct subspecies of the <a title="Chestnut-sided White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chestnut-sided_White-eye">Chestnut-sided White-eye</a>. </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Sometimes considered as full species </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Mukojima White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mukojima_White-eye">Mukojima White-eye</a>, <em>Apalopteron familiare familiare</em> (Mukojima Group, Bonin Islands, 1930s) - <a title="Bonin White-eye" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonin_White-eye">Bonin White-eye</a> ("Bonin Honeyeater") subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Paradoxornithidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxornithidae">Paradoxornithidae</a></strong> - Parrotbills</p>
<ul>
<li>Amik Gölü Bearded Tit, <em>Panurus biarmicus kosswigi</em> (S Turkey, 1970s) - <a title="Bearded Tit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearded_Tit">Bearded Tit</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Timaliidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timaliidae">Timaliidae</a></strong> - Old World babblers</p>
<ul>
<li>Vanderbilt's Babbler, <em>Malacocincla sepiarium vanderbilti</em> (Sumatra, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>An enigmatic subspecies of the <a title="Horsfield's Babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horsfield%27s_Babbler">Horsfield's Babbler</a>, known from a single specimen. Not seen since the 1940s at least. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Javan Large Wren-babbler, <em>Napothera macrodactyla lepidopleura</em> (Java, Indonesia, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Large Wren-babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Wren-babbler">Large Wren-babbler</a> subspecies that is either very rare or already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Burmese Jerdon's Babbler, <em>Chrysomma altirostre altirostre</em> (Myanmar, 1940s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>The nominate subspecies of <a title="Jerdon's Babbler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerdon%27s_Babbler">Jerdon's Babbler</a> was last seen in 1941, but due to the lack of recent fieldwork, it might still exist. </dd></dl>
<p><strong><a title="Muscicapidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscicapidae">Muscicapidae</a></strong> - Old World Flycatchers and chats</p>
<ul>
<li>Tonkean Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher, <em>Rhinomyias colonus subsolanus</em> (Sulawesi, Indonesia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a title="Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henna-tailed_Jungle_Flycatcher">Henna-tailed Jungle Flycatcher</a> subspecies that is known from a single specimen; it may not be valid. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Chinijo Chat, <em>Saxicola dacotiae murielae</em> (Chinijo Archipelago, Canary Islands, early 20th century) - <a title="Fuerteventura Chat" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerteventura_Chat">Fuerteventura Chat</a> subspecies </li>
</ul>
<p><strong><a title="Turdidae" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turdidae">Turdidae</a></strong> - Thrushes and allies</p>
<ul>
<li>Norfolk Island Thrush, <em>Turdus poliocephalus poliocephalus</em> (Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific, c.1975) - <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Maré Island Thrush, <em>Turdus poliocephalus mareensis</em> (Maré, Melanesia, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a>, last collected in 1911 or 1912 and not found anymore in 1939. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li><a title="Lord Howe Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island_Thrush">Lord Howe Island Thrush</a>, <em>Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus</em> (Lord Howe Island, Southwest Pacific, 1920s) - <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a> subspecies </li>
<li>Lifou Island Thrush, <em>Turdus poliocephalus pritzbueri</em> (Lifou, Melanesia, early 20th century) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>Yet another subspecies of the <a title="Island Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Thrush">Island Thrush</a>. Similar birds still exist on Tanna, New Hebrides, but given the fact that the species readily differentiates into subspecies and that the distance between Tanna and Lifou is considerable, it is far from certain that the Tanna birds belong to this subspecies. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Cauca Black-hooded Thrush, <em>Turdus olivater caucae</em> (Colombia, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Black-hooded Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-hooded_Thrush">Black-hooded Thrush</a> or possibly a distinct species. Not recorded for decades and at least highly threatened by deforestation. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Peleng Red-and-black Thrush, <em>Zoothera mendeni mendeni</em> (Peleng, Indonesia, mid-20th century) - <a title="Red-and-black Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-and-black_Thrush">Red-and-black Thrush</a> nominate subspecies </li>
<li>Kibale Black-eared Ground Thrush, <em>Zoothera cameronensis kibalensis</em> (SW Uganda, late 20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A <a class="new" title="Black-eared Ground Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black-eared_Ground_Thrush&action=edit">Black-eared Ground Thrush</a> subspecies known only from 2 1966 specimens. Rare or possibly already extinct. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Choiseul Russet-tailed Thrush, <em>Zoothera heinei choiseuli</em> (Choiseul, Solomon Islands, mid-20th century?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Russet-tailed Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russet-tailed_Thrush">Russet-tailed Thrush</a> known from a single specimen found in 1924 and probably killed off by introduced cats, most likely in the 1940s. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>St Lucia Forest Thrush, <em>Cichlherminia lherminieri sanctaeluciae</em> (St Lucia, West Indies, 1980s) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Forest Thrush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_Thrush">Forest Thrush</a>, last seen in 1980. </dd></dl>
<ul>
<li>Pines Solitaire, <em>Myadestes elisabeth retrusus</em> (Isla de la Juventud, West Indies, late 1930s?) </li>
</ul>
<dl><dd>A subspecies of the <a title="Cuban Solitaire" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuban_Solitaire">Cuban Solitaire</a>. Unconfirmed records suggest it did still exist in the early 1970s. </dd></dl>
<p><a id="See_also" name="See_also"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a title="Bird" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird">Bird</a> </li>
<li><a title="List of extinct animals" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_extinct_animals"><font color="#810081">List of extinct animals</font></a> </li>
<li><a title="Late Quaternary prehistoric birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late_Quaternary_prehistoric_birds">Late Quaternary prehistoric birds</a> </li>
<li><a title="Fossil birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_birds">Fossil birds</a> </li>
<li><a title="Flightless birds" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flightless_birds">Flightless birds</a> </li>
<li><a title="Lazarus species" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_species">Lazarus species</a>, for rediscovered birds </li>
</ul>
<p><a id="External_links_and_references" name="External_links_and_references"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links and references</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.redlist.org/" href="http://www.redlist.org/" rel="nofollow">The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.stockpix.com/stock/animals/birds/extinctbirds/" href="http://www.stockpix.com/stock/animals/birds/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow">Extinct Birds Stock Photography</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.abirdshome.com/Audubon/extinct.html" href="http://www.abirdshome.com/Audubon/extinct.html" rel="nofollow">Extinct Birds from John James Audubon's Birds of America</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.nrm.se/jourhavande_biolog/sida15.html" href="http://www.nrm.se/jourhavande_biolog/sida15.html" rel="nofollow">Utrotade faaglar</a> (in Swedish) </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.kcc.org.nz/birds/extinct/list.asp" href="http://www.kcc.org.nz/birds/extinct/list.asp" rel="nofollow">New Zealand Extinct Birds List</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/extinctbirds/" href="http://groups.yahoo.com/group/extinctbirds/" rel="nofollow">Extinct bird forum</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://extinct.petermaas.nl" href="http://extinct.petermaas.nl/" rel="nofollow">The Extinction Website</a> </li>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/index.php?lang=uk" href="http://nlbif.eti.uva.nl/naturalis/index.php?lang=uk" rel="nofollow">Naturalis - Extinct Birds</a>: 3D images of extinct bird species in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History (Leiden, Netherlands). </li>
</ul>
<p>List adapted, expanded and updated from that in <em>Extinct Birds</em>, Fuller, <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&isbn=0198508379">ISBN 0-19-850837-9</a> (Extinct Birds is an absorbing study of the world's recently extinct bird species, the first complete survey since <a title="Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Rothschild%2C_2nd_Baron_Rothschild">Walter Rothschild</a>'s classic work of 1907)</p>