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<p>Fungi often have important <a title="Symbiotic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiotic">symbiotic</a> relationships with other organisms. <a title="Mycorrhizal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycorrhizal">Mycorrhizal</a> symbiosis between <a title="Plants" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plants">plants</a> and fungi is particularly important; over 90% of all plant species engage in some kind of mycorrhizal relationship with fungi and are dependent upon this relationship for survival.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-0"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi#_note-0">[1]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="_ref-1"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi#_note-1">[2]</a></sup> Fungi are also used extensively by humans: <a title="Yeast" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeast">yeasts</a> are responsible for <a title="Fermentation (food)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_%28food%29">fermentation</a> of <a title="Beer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer">beer</a> and <a title="Bread" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread">bread</a>, and <a title="Mushroom" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom">mushroom</a> farming and gathering is a large industry in many countries.</p>

<p>Fungi and <a title="Bacteria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria">bacteria</a> are the primary <a title="Decomposers" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decomposers">decomposers</a> of <a title="Organic material" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_material">organic matter</a> in most terrestrial <a title="Ecosystem" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem">ecosystems</a>. There are an estimated 1.5 million species of fungi with around 70,000 of them having been described.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-2"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungi#_note-2">[3]</a></sup></p>

<p><a id="Phylogeny_and_classification_of_fungi" name="Phylogeny_and_classification_of_fungi"></a></p>

<h2><span class="editsection"></span><span class="mw-headline">Phylogeny and classification of fungi</span></h2>