유전공학( genetic engineering)

유전공학은 살아있는 생명체에게 더 좋은 형질을 발현시키기 위함을 목적으로 한다.  필요로 하는 DNA를 목적에 따라 적절히 조작하여 유전물질을 개조하여 생물계에서 대량으로 생산하는 것이다.

기술적인 방법으로는 크게 세가지로 나뉠수 있는데 먼저 유전자 재조합방법, 세포융합방법, 핵치환 방법등을 토대로 여러가지 기술들을 발견해 내고 있다.다른 과학분야와는 다르게 생명체의 생명과 직접적으로 연결이 되어있기 때문에 윤리적인 문제로 인하여 연구에 영향을 줄 수 있는것이 사실이나, 앞으로 질병을 치료하거나 생명을 연장하거나, 우리의 식량을 확보하는데 등에 있어서 중추적인 역할을 할것이다. 우리나라에서는 1982년부터 국가에서 집중적으로 육성해야하는 연구분야로 지정하고 있다.

 유전공학에 쓰이는 주요 기술

DNA정제(purification)

DNA 농축


DNA 조작에 사용되는 효소


DNA절단(deletion)

DNA붙임(ligation)

유전자클로닝(gene cloning)

형질전환 (transfomation, transfection)

PCR


RT-PCR

cDNA

접합 (hybridization)


유전공학이 일상생활에 사용되는 예

 

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