Other cytokines - Revision history

Ihjung at 12:56, 22 September 2006

2006-09-22T12:56:03Z

Ihjung at 12:45, 22 September 2006

2006-09-22T12:45:39Z

Ihjung at 12:26, 22 September 2006

2006-09-22T12:26:30Z

Ihjung at 12:23, 22 September 2006

2006-09-22T12:23:50Z

New page

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<td bgcolor="#999999"> Cytokine.  MW(kDa).  Synonyms</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999"> Sources</td>
<td bgcolor="#999999"> Activity</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> BAFF (human B cell-activating factor). 18. ALL-1 (TNF and apoptosis ligand-related leukocyte-expressed ligand 1), BLys (B lymphocyte stimulator)</td>
<td> T cells, cells of the monocytic lineage, and dendritic cells</td>
<td> Members of the TNF family, occurs in membrane-bound and soluble form. Supports proliferation of antigen-receptor-stimulated B cells. Differentiation and survival factor cor immature B cells.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Granulocyte clolny-stimulating factor (G-CSF). 21</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Bone marrow stromal cells, and macrophages</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Stimulates growth and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and NK cells.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-3 (IL-3) 15.1(monomer), 30(dimer). Multi-colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF); hematopoietic cell growth factor (HCGF); mast cell growth factor (MCGF) </td>
<td> Activated T cells, mast cells and eosinophils </td>
<td> Growth factor for hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes; stimulates colony formation in neutrophils, eosinophil, basophil, mast cell, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and monocytic lineages but not in lymphocytes. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-4 (IL-4) 15-19. B cell-stimulating factor 1 (BSF-1)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Mast cells, T cells, bone marrow stromal cells </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Promotes growth and development of B and T cells, and cells of the monocytic lineage. Also affects cells outside the immune system, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-5 (IL-5) 45. Eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF), eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF)</td>
<td> Mast cells, T cells, eosinophils </td>
<td> Induces eosinophil formation and differentiation. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-6 (IL-6) 26. B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2), hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF), hepatocyte-stimulating factor (HSF)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> T cells, B cells, several non-lymphoid cells including macrophages, bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and astrocytes</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Regulate B and T cell functions; in vivo effects on hematopoiesis; inducer of the acute phase response. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-7 (IL-7) 20-28. Pre-B-cell growth factor, lymphopoietin-1 (LP-1)</td>
<td> Bone marrow stromal cells, thymic stromal cells, and spleen cells </td>
<td> Growth factor for T and B cell progenitors.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-8 (IL-8) 6-8. Neutrophil-attractant/activating protein (NAP-1), neutrophil-activating factor (NAF), and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCAP).</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Many cell types including monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and nonimmune system cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and others </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Chemokine that cunctions primarily as a chemo-attractant and activator of neutrophils; also attracts basophils and some subpopulations of lymphocytes; has angiogenic activity.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-9 (IL-9) 32-39. P40; T cell growth factor Ⅲ.</td>
<td> IL-2 activated T helper cell populations </td>
<td> Stimulates proliferation of T lymphocytes and erythroid precursors. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-10 (IL-10) 35-40. Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Activated subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Stimulates or enhances proliferation of B cells, thymocytes, and mast cells. In co-operation with TGF-β, stimulates IgA synthesis and secretion by human B cells; antagonizes generation of the Th1 subset of helper T cells.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-11 (IL-11) 23</td>
<td> Bone marrow stromal cells and IL-1-stimulated fibroblasts </td>
<td> Growth factor for plasmacytomas, megakaryocytes, amd macrophage progenitor cells. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-12 (IL-12) Heterodimer containing a p35 subunit of 30-33, p40 subunit of 35-44. NK cells stimulatory factor (NKSF); cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Macrophages and dendritic cells </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Important factor in inducing differentiation of Th1 subset helper T cells. Also induces interferon gamma production by T cells and NK cells and enhances NK cell activity. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-13 (IL-13) 17</td>
<td> Activated T cells, mast cells, and NK cells </td>
<td> Role in Th2 responses; upregulates synthesis of IgE and suppresses inflammatory responses. Involved in pathology of asthma and some allergic conditions. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-14 (IL-14) 60. High molecular weight B cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> T cells  </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Enhances B celss proliferation, inhibits antibody synthesis. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-15 (IL-15) 14-15</td>
<td> Many cell types but primarily dendritic cells and cells of the monocytic lineage </td>
<td> Stimulates T cell proliferation and development and activation of NK cells. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-16 (IL-16) homotetramer 60; monomer ~17. Lymphocyte chemotatic factor (LCF)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> T cells  </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Stomulates migration of CD4+ T cells, CD4+ monocytes, and eosinophils. Binding of IL-16 by CD4 inhibits HIV sinfection of CD4+ cells .</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-17 (IL-17) 28-31. CTLA-8 (cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated antigen8)</td>
<td> Primarily CD4+ T cells  </td>
<td> Supports hematopiesis indirectly by stimulating cytokine production by epithelial, endothelial, and fibroblastic stromal cells. Enhances expression of ICAM-1, thus making cells more adhesive. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-18 (IL-18) 18.2, Interferon gamma-inducing factor (IGIF)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Cells of the monocytic lineage and dendritic cells </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Promotes differentiation of Th1 subset of helper T cells. Induces interferon gamma production of T cells and enhances NK cell cytotoxicity. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-19 (IL-19) Homotetramer 35-40</td>
<td> LPS-stimulated monocytes; other sources also likely </td>
<td> Newly discovered member of the IL-10 family of cytokines. Activity under investigation. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-20 (IL-20) </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Newly discovered cytokine has effects in epidermal tissues; no immune system specific effects yet known.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-21 (IL-21) 15</td>
<td> Activated T cells </td>
<td> Newly discovered. Enhances cytotoxic activity and gamma interferon production by activated NK cells. Enhances proliferation, gamma interferon production, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-22 (IL-22)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Newly discovered member of IL-10 cytokine family.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-23 (IL-23) Heterodimer of p40 subunit of IL-12 (35-40) and p19 (18.7)</td>
<td> Activated dendritic cells</td>
<td> Many of the same biological activities as IL-12 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Interleukin-24 (IL-24) 23. IL10B; MDA7 (melanoma differentiation association protein7)</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Up-regulated in melanoma cells </td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc"> Indeuces TNF-α and IFN-γ and low levels of IL-1β, IL-12, and GM-CSF in human PBMC. Induces selective anti-cancer properties in breast carcinoma cells by promoting p53 independent apoptosis. Member of the IL-10 family. </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Interleukin-25 (IL-25)</td>
<td> </td>
<td> New member of the IL-17 family. Induces production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin. In vivo introduction of IL-25 into the lung can result in airway disease, involving cytokine production, tissue reorganization, mucus secretion, and airway hyperreactivity.</td>
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-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-11 (IL-11) </strong>23</td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Stem cell factor (SCF). </strong>36. kit ligand (kitL) or steel factor (SLF)</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Bone marrow stromal cells and IL-1-stimulated fibroblasts&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Bone&nbsp;marrow stromal cells, cells of other organs such as brain, kidney, lung, placenta</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Growth factor for plasmacytomas, megakaryocytes, amd macrophage progenitor cells.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Roles in development of hematopoietic gonadal and pigmental lineages; active in both membrane-biund and secreted forms</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-12 (IL-12) </strong>Heterodimer containing a p35 subunit of 30-33, p40 subunit of 35-44. NK cells stimulatory factor (NKSF); cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor (CLMF)</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Thombopoietin (Tpo). </strong>60. Megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor.</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Macrophages and dendritic cells&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Liver, kidney, skeletal muscle</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Important factor in inducing differentiation of Th1 subset helper T cells. Also induces interferon gamma production by T cells and NK cells and enhances NK cell activity.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Megakaryocyte lineage-specific growth differentiation factor that regulates platelet production</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-13 (IL-13) </strong>17</td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-&beta;). </strong>~25. Differentiation-inhibiting factor.</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Activated T cells, mast cells, and NK cells&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Many nucleated cell types and found in platelets</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Role in Th2 responses; upregulates synthesis of IgE and suppresses inflammatory responses. Involved in pathology of asthma and some allergic conditions.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Inhibits growth of a number of cell types; affects tissue remodeling, wound repair, develiopment, and hematopoiesis. Exert suppressive effects on the expansion of certain immune-cell populations; switch factor for IgA.</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-14 (IL-14) </strong>60. High molecular weight B cell growth factor (HMW-BCGF)</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&alpha;). </strong>52. Cachetin.</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;T cells&nbsp; </td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Monocytes, macrophages, other cell types including T cells, and fibroblasts</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Enhances B celss proliferation, inhibits antibody synthesis.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Stronf mediator of inflammatory and immune functions. Known to regulate growth and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types. Cytotoxic for many types of transformed cells.</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-15 (IL-15) </strong>14-15</td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-&beta;). </strong>25. Lymphotoxin (LT).</td>
-            <td>&nbsp;Many cell types but primarily dendritic cells and cells of the monocytic&nbsp;lineage&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Activated T cells; B cells</td>
-            <td>&nbsp;Stimulates T cell proliferation and development and activation of NK cells.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Mediator of inflammation and immune function. Affects healing.</td>
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-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-4 (IL-4) </strong>15-19. B cell-stimulating factor 1 (BSF-1)</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interferon alpha (IFN-&alpha;). </strong>16-27.&nbsp;Type 1 interferon, leukocyte interferon, and lymphoblast interferon&nbsp;</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Mast cells, T cells, bone marrow stromal cells&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Lymphocytes and macrophages</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Promotes growth and development of B and T cells, and cells of the monocytic lineage. Also affects cells outside the immune system, including endothelial cells and fibroblasts.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Induces resistance to viruses and inhibits cell proliferation. Regulates expression of class ⅠMHC molecules on nucleated cells.</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-5 (IL-5) </strong>45. Eosinophil differentiation factor (EDF), eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (E-CSF)</td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interferon beta (IFN-&beta;). </strong>20. Type 1 interferon, fibroblast interferon</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Mast cells, T cells, eosinophils&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Fibroblasts and some epithelial cells</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Induces eosinophil formation and differentiation.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Induces resistance to virus infection in target cells. Inhibits cell proliferation and regulates expression of class ⅠMHC molecules.&nbsp;</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-6 (IL-6) </strong>26. B cell stimulatory factor 2 (BSF-2), hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF), hepatocyte-stimulating factor (HSF)</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interferon gamma (IFN-&gamma;). </strong>Monomer 17.1. Dimer 40. Type 2 interferon, immune interferon, macrophage-activating factor (MAF), and T cell interferon.</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;T cells, B cells, several non-lymphoid cells including macrophages, bone marrow stromal cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and astrocytes</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, NK cells</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Regulate B and T cell functions; in vivo effects on hematopoiesis; inducer of the acute phase response.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Affects activation, growth, and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and macrophages, as well as NK cells. Upregulates MHC expression on antigen-presenting cells. Signature cytokine of Th1 differentiation. Weak anti-viral amd anti-proliferative activities.</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-7 (IL-7) </strong>20-28. Pre-B-cell growth factor, lymphopoietin-1 (LP-1)</td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). </strong>45. Differentiation-inhibiting factor (DIA), differentiation-retarding factor (DRF)</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Bone marrow stromal cells, thymic stromal cells, and spleen cells&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Many cell types including T cells, cells of the monocytic lineage, fibroblasts, liver, and heart</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Growth factor for T and B cell progenitors.</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Major experimental application: keeps cultures of ES cells in undifferentiated state to maintain their proliferation. In vivo, in combination with other cytokines, promotes hematopoiesis, stimulates acute phase response of liver cells, increases bone resorption, and causes loss of body fat.</td>
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          <tr>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-8 (IL-8) </strong>6-8. Neutrophil-attractant/activating protein (NAP-1), neutrophil-activating factor (NAF), and granulocyte chemotactic protein (GCAP).</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). </strong>Disulfide linked homodimer of 45-90. Colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1)</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Many cell types including monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes, and nonimmune system cells such as fibroblasts, endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and others&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Many cell types including lymphocytes, monocytes,&nbsp;fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and others&nbsp;</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Chemokine that cunctions primarily as a chemo-attractant and activator of neutrophils; also attracts basophils and some subpopulations of lymphocytes; has angiogenic activity.</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Growth, differentiation, and survival factor for macrophage progenitors and macrophages</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-9 (IL-9) </strong>32-39. P40; T cell growth factor Ⅲ.</td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Macrophage inhibition factor (MIF). </strong>12 monomer is biologically active in multimeric form.</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;IL-2 activated T helper cell populations&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Small amounts by many cell types; major producers are activated T cells, hepatocytes, and perhaps other cell types such as monocytes and epithelial cells</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Stimulates proliferation of T lymphocytes and erythroid precursors.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Activates macrophages and inhibits their migration.</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-10 (IL-10) </strong>35-40. Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF)</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Oncostain M (OSM). </strong>28-32. Onco M, ONC.</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Activated subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells&nbsp;</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Activated T cells and monocytes</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Stimulates or enhances proliferation of B cells, thymocytes, and mast cells. In co-operation with TGF-&beta;, stimulates IgA synthesis and secretion by human B cells; antagonizes generation of the Th1 subset of helper T cells.</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Many functions, including regulation of the growth and differentiation of cells during hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and osteogenesis</td>
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@@ Line 14: / Line 14: @@
              <td bgcolor="#cccccc"><strong>&nbsp;Granulocyte clolny-stimulating factor (G-CSF).</strong> 21</td>
              <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Bone marrow stromal cells, and macrophages</td>
-             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Stimulates growth and differentiation of T cells, B cells, and NK cells.</td>
+             <td bgcolor="#cccccc">&nbsp;Essential for growth and differentiation of the neutrophils</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
-             <td><strong>&nbsp;Interleukin-3 (IL-3) </strong>15.1(monomer), 30(dimer). Multi-colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF); hematopoietic cell growth factor (HCGF); mast cell growth factor (MCGF)<strong>&nbsp;</strong></td>
+             <td><strong>&nbsp;Granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). </strong>22</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Activated T cells, mast cells and eosinophils&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;T cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells</td>
-             <td>&nbsp;Growth factor for hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes; stimulates colony formation in neutrophils, eosinophil, basophil, mast cell, erythroid, megakaryocyte, and monocytic lineages but not in lymphocytes.&nbsp;</td>
+             <td>&nbsp;Growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells and differentiation factor for granulocytic and monocytic cell lineages</td>
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          <tr>