Acetaminophen - Revision history

WikiSysop at 12:22, 4 May 2008

2008-05-04T12:22:15Z

Show changes

WikiSysop at 12:17, 4 May 2008

2008-05-04T12:17:35Z

WikiSysop at 12:15, 4 May 2008

2008-05-04T12:15:59Z

WikiSysop at 12:14, 4 May 2008

2008-05-04T12:14:41Z

Show changes

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<h4>Acetaminophen belongs to a class of drugs called analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (<font color="#000000">fever</font> reducers). The exact mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not known. Acetaminophen relieves pain by elevating the pain threshold, that is, by requiring a greater amount of pain to develop before a person feels it. It reduces fever through its action on the heat-regulating center of the brain. Specifically, it tells the center to lower the body's temperature when the temperature is elevated. The FDA approved acetaminophen in 1951.&nbsp;<br />
+Acetaminophen belongs to a class of drugs called analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (<font color="#000000">fever</font> reducers). The exact mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not known. Acetaminophen relieves pain by elevating the pain threshold, that is, by requiring a greater amount of pain to develop before a person feels it. It reduces fever through its action on the heat-regulating center of the brain. Specifically, it tells the center to lower the body's temperature when the temperature is elevated. The FDA approved acetaminophen in 1951.&nbsp;<br />
-</h4>
 <p><strong>Paracetamol</strong> (INN) (<small><font size="2">IPA</font></small>: <span class="IPA" title="Pronunciation in IPA"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode">/ˌp&aelig;rəˈsiːtəmɒl, -ˈsɛtə-/</font></span>) or <strong>acetaminophen</strong> (USAN) is a widely-used analgesic and antipyretic. Derived from coal tar, it is the active metabolite of phenacetin, but unlike phenacetin, paracetamol has not been shown to be carcinogenic in any way. Unlike aspirin, it is not a very effective anti-inflammatory agent. It is well tolerated, lacks many of the side-effects of aspirin, and is available over-the-counter, so it is commonly used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. Paracetamol is also useful in the management of more severe pain, where it allows lower dosages of additional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to be used, thereby minimizing overall side-effects. It is also used in combination with opioid analgesics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup> It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications, including <strong>Tylenol</strong> and <strong>Panadol</strong>, among others. It is considered safe for human use at recommended doses; however, acute overdose can cause fatal liver damage often heightened with use of alcohol, and the number of accidental self-poisonings and suicides has grown in recent years<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[<em>citation needed</em>]</span></sup>.</p>
 <p>The words <em>acetaminophen</em> and <em>paracetamol</em> come from the chemical names for the compound: <em>para</em>-<strong>acet</strong>yl<strong>aminophen</strong>ol and <em><strong>par</strong>a</em>-<strong>acet</strong>yl<strong>am</strong>inophen<strong>ol</strong>. (The brand name Tylenol also derives from this name: <em>para</em>-ace<strong>tyl</strong>aminoph<strong>enol</strong>.) In some contexts, it is shortened to <strong>APAP</strong>, for <em>N</em>-<strong>a</strong>cetyl-<strong>p</strong>ara-<strong>a</strong>mino<strong>p</strong>henol.</p>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<h4>BRAND NAME: Tylenol and others </h4>
+<h4>Acetaminophen belongs to a class of drugs called analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (<font color="#000000">fever</font> reducers). The exact mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not known. Acetaminophen relieves pain by elevating the pain threshold, that is, by requiring a greater amount of pain to develop before a person feels it. It reduces fever through its action on the heat-regulating center of the brain. Specifically, it tells the center to lower the body's temperature when the temperature is elevated. The FDA approved acetaminophen in 1951.&nbsp;<br />
-<p><strong>DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM:</strong> Acetaminophen belongs to a class of drugs called analgesics (pain relievers) and antipyretics (<font color="#0033cc">fever</font> reducers). The exact mechanism of action of acetaminophen is not known. Acetaminophen relieves pain by elevating the pain threshold, that is, by requiring a greater amount of pain to develop before a person feels it. It reduces fever through its action on the heat-regulating center of the brain. Specifically, it tells the center to lower the body's temperature when the temperature is elevated. The FDA approved acetaminophen in 1951.&nbsp;<br />
+</h4>
 <p><strong>Paracetamol</strong> (INN) (<small><font size="2">IPA</font></small>: <span class="IPA" title="Pronunciation in IPA"><font face="Lucida Sans Unicode">/ˌp&aelig;rəˈsiːtəmɒl, -ˈsɛtə-/</font></span>) or <strong>acetaminophen</strong> (USAN) is a widely-used analgesic and antipyretic. Derived from coal tar, it is the active metabolite of phenacetin, but unlike phenacetin, paracetamol has not been shown to be carcinogenic in any way. Unlike aspirin, it is not a very effective anti-inflammatory agent. It is well tolerated, lacks many of the side-effects of aspirin, and is available over-the-counter, so it is commonly used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. Paracetamol is also useful in the management of more severe pain, where it allows lower dosages of additional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to be used, thereby minimizing overall side-effects. It is also used in combination with opioid analgesics.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup> It is a major ingredient in numerous cold and flu medications, including <strong>Tylenol</strong> and <strong>Panadol</strong>, among others. It is considered safe for human use at recommended doses; however, acute overdose can cause fatal liver damage often heightened with use of alcohol, and the number of accidental self-poisonings and suicides has grown in recent years<sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources since January 2008" style="WHITE-SPACE: nowrap">[<em>citation needed</em>]</span></sup>.</p>
 <p>The words <em>acetaminophen</em> and <em>paracetamol</em> come from the chemical names for the compound: <em>para</em>-<strong>acet</strong>yl<strong>aminophen</strong>ol and <em><strong>par</strong>a</em>-<strong>acet</strong>yl<strong>am</strong>inophen<strong>ol</strong>. (The brand name Tylenol also derives from this name: <em>para</em>-ace<strong>tyl</strong>aminoph<strong>enol</strong>.) In some contexts, it is shortened to <strong>APAP</strong>, for <em>N</em>-<strong>a</strong>cetyl-<strong>p</strong>ara-<strong>a</strong>mino<strong>p</strong>henol.</p>
@@ Line 60: / Line 58: @@
   if (window.showTocToggle) { var tocShowText = "show"; var tocHideText = "hide"; showTocToggle(); }
 //]]>
-</script>
+</script></p>
 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <h2><span class="editsection">[edit]</span> <span class="mw-headline">History</span></h2>
@@ Line 89: / Line 86: @@
 <h2><span class="editsection">[edit]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Available forms</span></h2>
 <div class="thumb tright">
-<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><img class="thumbimage" height="144" alt="Tablets are the most common form of paracetamol." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/MedAcetaminophen.jpg/180px-MedAcetaminophen.jpg" width="180" border="0" />
+<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><img class="thumbimage" height="144" alt="Tablets are the most common form of paracetamol." width="180" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/26/MedAcetaminophen.jpg/180px-MedAcetaminophen.jpg" />
 <div class="thumbcaption">
-<div class="magnify"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></div>
+<div class="magnify"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" /></div>
 Tablets are the most common form of paracetamol.</div>
 </div>
 </div>
 <div class="thumb tright">
-<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><img class="thumbimage" height="172" alt="500 mg Panadol suppositories" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Panadol_suppositories.jpg/180px-Panadol_suppositories.jpg" width="180" border="0" />
+<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><img class="thumbimage" height="172" alt="500 mg Panadol suppositories" width="180" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Panadol_suppositories.jpg/180px-Panadol_suppositories.jpg" />
 <div class="thumbcaption">
-<div class="magnify"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></div>
+<div class="magnify"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" /></div>
 &nbsp;mg Panadol suppositories</div>
 </div>
@@ Line 127: / Line 124: @@
 <h2><span class="editsection">[edit]</span> <span class="mw-headline">Metabolism</span></h2>
 <div class="thumb tright">
-<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 352px"><img class="thumbimage" height="358" alt="The reactions involved in paracetamol metabolism." src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Paracetamol_metabolism.png/350px-Paracetamol_metabolism.png" width="350" border="0" />
+<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 352px"><img class="thumbimage" height="358" alt="The reactions involved in paracetamol metabolism." width="350" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/34/Paracetamol_metabolism.png/350px-Paracetamol_metabolism.png" />
 <div class="thumbcaption">
-<div class="magnify"><img height="11" alt="" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" width="15" /></div>
+<div class="magnify"><img height="11" alt="" width="15" src="http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" /></div>
 The reactions involved in paracetamol metabolism.</div>
 </div>
@@ Line 277: / Line 274: @@
 <h2><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2>
 <ul>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="https://online.epocrates.com/u/10a307/acetaminophen?mode=SingleMatch&amp;src=PK" href="https://online.epocrates.com/u/10a307/acetaminophen?mode=SingleMatch&amp;src=PK" rel="nofollow">Acetaminophen on Epocrates Drug Lookup</a> </li>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="https://online.epocrates.com/u/10a307/acetaminophen?mode=SingleMatch&amp;src=PK" rel="nofollow" href="https://online.epocrates.com/u/10a307/acetaminophen?mode=SingleMatch&amp;src=PK">Acetaminophen on Epocrates Drug Lookup</a> </li>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="http://curriculum.toxicology.wikispaces.net/2.1.1.1+Acetaminophen" href="http://curriculum.toxicology.wikispaces.net/2.1.1.1+Acetaminophen" rel="nofollow">Acetaminophen in WikiTox Toxicology Teaching</a> </li>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="http://curriculum.toxicology.wikispaces.net/2.1.1.1+Acetaminophen" rel="nofollow" href="http://curriculum.toxicology.wikispaces.net/2.1.1.1+Acetaminophen">Acetaminophen in WikiTox Toxicology Teaching</a> </li>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic.html" href="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic.html" rel="nofollow">Paracetamol Information Centre</a>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic.html">Paracetamol Information Centre</a>
      <ul>
-         <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic5.html" href="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic5.html" rel="nofollow">History of paracetamol</a> </li>
+         <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic5.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pharmweb.net/pwmirror/pwy/paracetamol/pharmwebpic5.html">History of paracetamol</a> </li>
      </ul>
      </li>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pharmcast.com/Patents/October2000/100300OG/6126967_Acetaminophen100300.htm" href="http://www.pharmcast.com/Patents/October2000/100300OG/6126967_Acetaminophen100300.htm" rel="nofollow">U.S. Patent 6,126,967</a> </li>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pharmcast.com/Patents/October2000/100300OG/6126967_Acetaminophen100300.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pharmcast.com/Patents/October2000/100300OG/6126967_Acetaminophen100300.htm">U.S. Patent 6,126,967</a> </li>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/html/paracet_text.htm" href="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/html/paracet_text.htm" rel="nofollow">History &amp; chemistry of paracetamol</a> </li>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/html/paracet_text.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ch.ic.ac.uk/rzepa/mim/drugs/html/paracet_text.htm">History &amp; chemistry of paracetamol</a> </li>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.lef.org/protocols/appendix/otc_toxicity_01.htm" href="http://www.lef.org/protocols/appendix/otc_toxicity_01.htm" rel="nofollow">Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and NSAID Toxicity</a> </li>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.lef.org/protocols/appendix/otc_toxicity_01.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.lef.org/protocols/appendix/otc_toxicity_01.htm">Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and NSAID Toxicity</a> </li>
-     <li><a class="external text" title="http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/narrative/amines.html" href="http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/narrative/amines.html" rel="nofollow">The Julius Axelrod Papers</a></li>
+     <li><a class="external text" title="http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/narrative/amines.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/HH/Views/Exhibit/narrative/amines.html">The Julius Axelrod Papers</a> </li>
 </ul>