View source for Phi X 174

<p>The <strong>phi X 174</strong> (or <strong>phi X</strong>) bacteriophage was the first organism to have its DNA-based <font color="#810081">genome</font> sequenced, by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup> In 1962, Walter Fiers had already demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of phi X 174 DNA.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1">[2]</sup></p>
<p>This phage has a very small amount of DNA. It has 11 genes in 5386 bases (it is single stranded) in a circular topology. Several of them expressing similar function in two groups. The GC-content is 44% and 95% of nucleotides are coding genes.</p>
<p>In 2003 it was reported that the whole genome of phi X 174 had been assembled synthetically from scratch.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">[3]</sup></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2>
<ul>
    <li>Bacteriophage MS2 </li>
</ul>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ol class="references">
    <li id="cite_note-0"><strong>^</strong> Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M., &quot;Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA&quot;, <em>Nature</em>. 1977 Feb 24;265(5596):687-95 </li>
    <li id="cite_note-1"><strong>^</strong> Fiers, W., and R. L. Sinsheimer, &quot;The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage PhiX 174. III. Ultracentrifuge evidence for a ring structure&quot;, <em>J. Mol. Biol.</em> <strong>5:</strong>424-434, 1962 </li>
    <li id="cite_note-2"><strong>^</strong> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Smith, Hamilton O.; Clyde A. Hutchison, Cynthia Pfannkoch, J. Craig Venter (2003-12-23). &quot;Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: {phi}X174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides&quot;. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> <strong>100</strong> (26): 15440-15445. doi:<span class="neverexpand">10.1073/pnas.2237126100</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on 2007-10-08.</span></cite><span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Generating+a+synthetic+genome+by+whole+genome+assembly%3A+%7Bphi%7DX174+bacteriophage+from+synthetic+oligonucleotides&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&amp;rft.date=2003-12-23&amp;rft.volume=100&amp;rft.issue=26&amp;rft.aulast=Smith&amp;rft.aufirst=Hamilton+O.&amp;rft.pages=15440-15445&amp;rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.2237126100&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F100%2F26%2F15440"><span style="DISPLAY: none">&nbsp;</span></span></span> </li>
</ol>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2>
<ul>
    <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.fermentas.com/techinfo/nucleicacids/mapfx174.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fermentas.com/techinfo/nucleicacids/mapfx174.htm">Description &amp; Restriction Map: PhiX174 DNA</a> </li>
</ul>
<p><br />
<strong><font size="5">Phi X 174 Genome sequence</font></strong></p>
<font face="Courier New">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1&nbsp; &nbsp;gagttttatc gcttccatga cgcagaagtt aacactttcg gatatttctg atgagtcgaa<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 61&nbsp; aaattatctt gataaagcag gaattactac tgcttgttta cgaattaaat cgaagtggac<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 121 tgctggcgga aaatgagaaa attcgaccta tccttgcgca gctcgagaag ctcttacttt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;181 gcgacctttc gccatcaact aacgattctg tcaaaaactg acgcgttgga tgaggagaag<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 241 tggcttaata tgcttggcac gttcgtcaag gactggttta gatatgagtc acattttgtt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 301 catggtagag attctcttgt tgacatttta aaagagcgtg gattactatc tgagtccgat<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 361 gctgttcaac cactaatagg taagaaatca tgagtcaagt tactgaacaa tccgtacgtt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 421 tccagaccgc tttggcctct attaagctca ttcaggcttc tgccgttttg gatttaaccg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 481 aagatgattt cgattttctg acgagtaaca aagtttggat tgctactgac cgctctcgtg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 541 ctcgtcgctg cgttgaggct tgcgtttatg gtacgctgga ctttgtggga taccctcgct<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 601 ttcctgctcc tgttgagttt attgctgccg tcattgctta ttatgttcat cccgtcaaca<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 661 ttcaaacggc ctgtctcatc atggaaggcg ctgaatttac ggaaaacatt attaatggcg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 721 tcgagcgtcc ggttaaagcc gctgaattgt tcgcgtttac cttgcgtgta cgcgcaggaa<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 781 acactgacgt tcttactgac gcagaagaaa acgtgcgtca aaaattacgt gcggaaggag<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 841 tgatgtaatg tctaaaggta aaaaacgttc tggcgctcgc cctggtcgtc cgcagccgtt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 901 gcgaggtact aaaggcaagc gtaaaggcgc tcgtctttgg tatgtaggtg gtcaacaatt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 961 ttaattgcag gggcttcggc cccttacttg aggataaatt atgtctaata ttcaaactgg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1021 cgccgagcgt atgccgcatg acctttccca tcttggcttc cttgctggtc agattggtcg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1081 tcttattacc atttcaacta ctccggttat cgctggcgac tccttcgaga tggacgccgt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1141 tggcgctctc cgtctttctc cattgcgtcg tggccttgct attgactcta ctgtagacat<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1201 ttttactttt tatgtccctc atcgtcacgt ttatggtgaa cagtggatta agttcatgaa<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1261 ggatggtgtt aatgccactc ctctcccgac tgttaacact actggttata ttgaccatgc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1321 cgcttttctt ggcacgatta accctgatac caataaaatc cctaagcatt tgtttcaggg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1381 ttatttgaat atctataaca actattttaa agcgccgtgg atgcctgacc gtaccgaggc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1441 taaccctaat gagcttaatc aagatgatgc tcgttatggt ttccgttgct gccatctcaa<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1501 aaacatttgg actgctccgc ttcctcctga gactgagctt tctcgccaaa tgacgacttc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1561 taccacatct attgacatta tgggtctgca agctgcttat gctaatttgc atactgacca<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1621 agaacgtgat tacttcatgc agcgttacca tgatgttatt tcttcatttg gaggtaaaac<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1681 ctcttatgac gctgacaacc gtcctttact tgtcatgcgc tctaatctct gggcatctgg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1741 ctatgatgtt gatggaactg accaaacgtc gttaggccag ttttctggtc gtgttcaaca<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1801 gacctataaa cattctgtgc cgcgtttctt tgttcctgag catggcacta tgtttactct<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1861 tgcgcttgtt cgttttccgc ctactgcgac taaagagatt cagtacctta acgctaaagg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1921 tgctttgact tataccgata ttgctggcga ccctgttttg tatggcaact tgccgccgcg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1981 tgaaatttct atgaaggatg ttttccgttc tggtgattcg tctaagaagt ttaagattgc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2041 tgagggtcag tggtatcgtt atgcgccttc gtatgtttct cctgcttatc accttcttga<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2101 aggcttccca ttcattcagg aaccgccttc tggtgatttg caagaacgcg tacttattcg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2161 ccaccatgat tatgaccagt gtttccagtc cgttcagttg ttgcagtgga atagtcaggt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2221 taaatttaat gtgaccgttt atcgcaatct gccgaccact cgcgattcaa tcatgacttc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2281 gtgataaaag attgagtgtg aggttataac gccgaagcgg taaaaatttt aatttttgcc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2341 gctgaggggt tgaccaagcg aagcgcggta ggttttctgc ttaggagttt aatcatgttt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2401 cagactttta tttctcgcca taattcaaac tttttttctg ataagctggt tctcacttct<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2461 gttactccag cttcttcggc acctgtttta cagacaccta aagctacatc gtcaacgtta<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2521 tattttgata gtttgacggt taatgctggt aatggtggtt ttcttcattg cattcagatg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2581 gatacatctg tcaacgccgc taatcaggtt gtttctgttg gtgctgatat tgcttttgat<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2641 gccgacccta aattttttgc ctgtttggtt cgctttgagt cttcttcggt tccgactacc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2701 ctcccgactg cctatgatgt ttatcctttg aatggtcgcc atgatggtgg ttattatacc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2761 gtcaaggact gtgtgactat tgacgtcctt ccccgtacgc cgggcaataa cgtttatgtt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2821 ggtttcatgg tttggtctaa ctttaccgct actaaatgcc gcggattggt ttcgctgaat<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2881 caggttatta aagagattat ttgtctccag ccacttaagt gaggtgattt atgtttggtg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2941 ctattgctgg cggtattgct tctgctcttg ctggtggcgc catgtctaaa ttgtttggag<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3001 gcggtcaaaa agccgcctcc ggtggcattc aaggtgatgt gcttgctacc gataacaata<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3061 ctgtaggcat gggtgatgct ggtattaaat ctgccattca aggctctaat gttcctaacc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3121 ctgatgaggc cgcccctagt tttgtttctg gtgctatggc taaagctggt aaaggacttc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3181 ttgaaggtac gttgcaggct ggcacttctg ccgtttctga taagttgctt gatttggttg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3241 gacttggtgg caagtctgcc gctgataaag gaaaggatac tcgtgattat cttgctgctg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3301 catttcctga gcttaatgct tgggagcgtg ctggtgctga tgcttcctct gctggtatgg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3361 ttgacgccgg atttgagaat caaaaagagc ttactaaaat gcaactggac aatcagaaag<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3421 agattgccga gatgcaaaat gagactcaaa aagagattgc tggcattcag tcggcgactt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3481 cacgccagaa tacgaaagac caggtatatg cacaaaatga gatgcttgct tatcaacaga<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3541 aggagtctac tgctcgcgtt gcgtctatta tggaaaacac caatctttcc aagcaacagc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3601 aggtttccga gattatgcgc caaatgctta ctcaagctca aacggctggt cagtatttta<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3661 ccaatgacca aatcaaagaa atgactcgca aggttagtgc tgaggttgac ttagttcatc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3721 agcaaacgca gaatcagcgg tatggctctt ctcatattgg cgctactgca aaggatattt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3781 ctaatgtcgt cactgatgct gcttctggtg tggttgatat ttttcatggt attgataaag<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3841 ctgttgccga tacttggaac aatttctgga aagacggtaa agctgatggt attggctcta<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3901 atttgtctag gaaataaccg tcaggattga caccctccca attgtatgtt ttcatgcctc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3961 caaatcttgg aggctttttt atggttcgtt cttattaccc ttctgaatgt cacgctgatt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4021 attttgactt tgagcgtatc gaggctctta aacctgctat tgaggcttgt ggcatttcta<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4081 ctctttctca atccccaatg cttggcttcc ataagcagat ggataaccgc atcaagctct<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4141 tggaagagat tctgtctttt cgtatgcagg gcgttgagtt cgataatggt gatatgtatg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4201 ttgacggcca taaggctgct tctgacgttc gtgatgagtt tgtatctgtt actgagaagt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4261 taatggatga attggcacaa tgctacaatg tgctccccca acttgatatt aataacacta<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4321 tagaccaccg ccccgaaggg gacgaaaaat ggtttttaga gaacgagaag acggttacgc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4381 agttttgccg caagctggct gctgaacgcc ctcttaagga tattcgcgat gagtataatt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4441 accccaaaaa gaaaggtatt aaggatgagt gttcaagatt gctggaggcc tccactatga<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4501 aatcgcgtag aggctttgct attcagcgtt tgatgaatgc aatgcgacag gctcatgctg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4561 atggttggtt tatcgttttt gacactctca cgttggctga cgaccgatta gaggcgtttt<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4621 atgataatcc caatgctttg cgtgactatt ttcgtgatat tggtcgtatg gttcttgctg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4681 ccgagggtcg caaggctaat gattcacacg ccgactgcta tcagtatttt tgtgtgcctg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4741 agtatggtac agctaatggc cgtcttcatt tccatgcggt gcactttatg cggacacttc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4801 ctacaggtag cgttgaccct aattttggtc gtcgggtacg caatcgccgc cagttaaata<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4861 gcttgcaaaa tacgtggcct tatggttaca gtatgcccat cgcagttcgc tacacgcagg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4921 acgctttttc acgttctggt tggttgtggc ctgttgatgc taaaggtgag ccgcttaaag<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4981 ctaccagtta tatggctgtt ggtttctatg tggctaaata cgttaacaaa aagtcagata<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5041 tggaccttgc tgctaaaggt ctaggagcta aagaatggaa caactcacta aaaaccaagc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5101 tgtcgctact tcccaagaag ctgttcagaa tcagaatgag ccgcaacttc gggatgaaaa<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5161 tgctcacaat gacaaatctg tccacggagt gcttaatcca acttaccaag ctgggttacg<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5221 acgcgacgcc gttcaaccag atattgaagc agaacgcaaa aagagagatg agattgaggc<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5281 tgggaaaagt tactgtagcc gacgttttgg cggcgcaacc tgtgacgaca aatctgctca<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5341 aatttatgcg cgcttcgata aaaatgattg gcgtatccaa cctgca<br />
</font>