Changes

History of Bioinformatics

92 bytes added, 18:43, 13 March 2006

no edit summary

1859: Charles Darwin, Cambridge, UK, publishes The Origin of Species, vastly strengthening the adaptationist hypothesis.

1864: Ernst Haeckel (Häckel) outlines the essential elements of modern zoological classification

1865: Gregory Mendel (1823-1884), Austria,  <img height="44" alt="img1.gif" src="http://bio.cc/Bioinformatics/img1.gif" width="52" border="0" /> established the genetic inheritance. The theoretical study of genetics. Experiments in Plant Hybridisation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. His work, in German, was first published in 1865 in the Proceedings of the Brünn Society for Natural History, Brünn, Austria (Hewlett, 1998). It was ignored for a generation.

1868: Friedrich Miescher - discovery of nuclein found in cell nucleus, acidic, rich in PO4,  lacks S (characteristic of protein). Now know this as nucleic acid

1902: The chromosome theory of heredity is proposed by Sutton and Boveri, working independently.

1968: Kimura, M. Evolutionary rate at the molecular level. Nature 217 (1968) 624-626.

1969: The ARPANET is created by linking computers at Stanford, UCSB, The University of Utah and UCLA.

1970s: Fred Sanger, Cambridge UK, ~~develop~~ developed deoxy DNA sequencing method.

1970: Needleman SB, Wunsch CD. A general method applicable to the search for similarities in the amino acid sequence of two proteins. J Mol Biol. 1970 Mar;48(3):443-53.

1970: Fitch, W. M. Distinguishing homologous from analogous proteins. Syst Zool (1970) 19:99-113.

1975: E. M. Southern published the experimental details for the Southern Blot technique of specific sequences of DNA (J. Mol. Biol., 98: 503-517, 1975).

1976:  The Unix-To-Unix Copy Protocol (UUCP) is developed at Bell Labs. Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe develops Ethernet, which allowed coaxial cable to move data extremely fast. This was a crucial component to the development of LANs. The packet satellite project went into practical use. SATNET, Atlantic packet Satellite network, was born. This network linked the United States with Europe.Surprisingly, it used INTELSAT satellites that were owned by a consortium of countries and not exclusively the United States government. UUCP (Unix-to-Unix CoPy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year later. The Department of Defense began to experiment with the TCP/IP protocol and soon decided to require it for use on ARPANET.

<~~strong~~font color="#993300">1977: </~~strong~~font>: Staden programs. DNA sequence analysis software. Published in NAR. Roger Staden, MRC , LMB, Cambridge, UK

1977: The full description of the Brookhaven PDB (http://www.pdb.bnl.gov) is published (Bernstein, F.C.; Koetzle, T.F.; Williams, G.J.B.; Meyer, E.F.; Brice, M.D.; Rodgers, J.R.; Kennard, O.; Shimanouchi, T.; Tasumi, M.J.; J. Mol. Biol., 1977, 112:, 535).

1977: Procedures were developed for rapidly sequencing long sections of DNA.

1980: Wüthrich et. al. publish paper detailing the use of multi-dimensional NMR for protein structure determination (Kumar, A.; Ernst, R.R.; Wüthrich, K.; Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 1980, 95:, 1).

1981:  The Smith-Waterman algorithm for sequence alignment is published. Smith TF, Waterman MS. Identification of common molecular subsequences. J Mol Biol. 1981 Mar 25;147(1):195-7.

1981: Sequence motif , Russell Doolittle.

1981: IBM introduces its Personal Computer to the market.

1981: Felsenstein, J. Evolutionary Trees from DNA-Sequences - a Maximum-Likelihood Approach. J. Mol. Evol. (1981) 17:368-376. (hardcopy available

Anonymous user

210.218.222.82

Opengenome.net β

Changes

History of Bioinformatics

Opengenome.net ^β