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<p><span style="color: #000000"><b>Heterosis</b>, or <b>hybrid vigor</b> or <b>outbreeding enhancement</b>, is the increased function of any biological quality in a </span><span style="color: #000000">hybrid</span><span style="color: #000000"> offspring. It is the occurrence of a genetically superior offspring from mixing the genes of its parents.</span></p>
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<span style="color: #000000">A </span><span style="color: #000000">mixed-breed dog</span></div>
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<h2><span style="color: #000000"><span id="Genetic_basis_of_heterosis" class="mw-headline">Genetic basis of heterosis</span></span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle"><span style="color: #000000">Main article: </span><span style="color: #000000">Dominance versus overdominance</span></div>
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<td class="mbox-text">This article includes a <a title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources"><font color="#0645ad">list of references</font></a>, related reading or <a title="Wikipedia:External links" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links"><font color="#0645ad">external links</font></a>, but <b>its sources remain unclear because it lacks <a title="Wikipedia:Citing sources" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations"><font color="#0645ad">inline citations</font></a></b>. <small><font size="2">Please </font><a title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Fact_and_Reference_Check"><font color="#0645ad" size="2">improve</font></a><font size="2"> this article by introducing more precise citations </font><a title="Wikipedia:When to cite" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite"><font color="#0645ad" size="2">where appropriate</font></a><font size="2">. <i>(September 2009)</i></font></small></td>
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<li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://gears.tucson.ars.ag.gov/book/hybrid.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">HYBRID VIGOR IN PLANTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO INSECT POLLINATION</font></a> — a section from <a title="Entomophily" href="/wiki/Entomophily"><font color="#0645ad">Insect Pollination</font></a> Of Cultivated Crop Plants by S.E. McGregor, USDA</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.urbanext.uiuc.edu/hortihints/0102a.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Hybrids & Heirlooms</font></a> — an article from University of Illinois Extension</li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Mingroni, M.A. (2004). "The secular rise in IQ: Giving heterosis a closer look". <i>Intelligence</i> <b>32</b>: 65–83. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"><font color="#0645ad">doi</font></a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0160-2896%2803%2900058-8" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">10.1016/S0160-2896(03)00058-8</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+secular+rise+in+IQ%3A+Giving+heterosis+a+closer+look&rft.jtitle=Intelligence&rft.aulast=Mingroni%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Mingroni%2C+M.A.&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=32&rft.pages=65%E2%80%9383&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0160-2896%2803%2900058-8&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Heterosis"><span style="display: none"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Nagoshi, C. T. & Johnson, R. C. (1986). "The ubiquity of <i>g</i>". <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i> <b>7</b>: 201–7. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"><font color="#0645ad">doi</font></a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2886%2990056-5" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">10.1016/0191-8869(86)90056-5</font></a>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+ubiquity+of+%27%27g%27%27&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.aulast=Nagoshi%2C+C.+T.+%26+Johnson%2C+R.+C.&rft.au=Nagoshi%2C+C.+T.+%26+Johnson%2C+R.+C.&rft.date=1986&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=201%E2%80%937&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2886%2990056-5&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Heterosis"><span style="display: none"> </span></span></li> <li><a class="external free" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/techmemos/tm30/lynch.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/publications/techmemos/tm30/lynch.html</font></a></li> <li><span class="citation Journal">Birchler JA, Auger DL, Riddle NC (October 2003). <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14523245" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">"In search of the molecular basis of heterosis"</font></a>. <i>Plant Cell</i> <b>15</b> (10): 2236–9. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"><font color="#0645ad">doi</font></a>:<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1105%2Ftpc.151030" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">10.1105/tpc.151030</font></a>. <a class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier" href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier"><font color="#0645ad">PMID</font></a> <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14523245" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">14523245</font></a>. <a title="PubMed Central" href="/wiki/PubMed_Central"><font color="#0645ad">PMC</font></a> <a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=540269" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">540269</font></a><span class="printonly">. <a class="external free" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14523245" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">http://www.plantcell.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=14523245</font></a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+search+of+the+molecular+basis+of+heterosis&rft.jtitle=Plant+Cell&rft.aulast=Birchler+JA%2C+Auger+DL%2C+Riddle+NC&rft.au=Birchler+JA%2C+Auger+DL%2C+Riddle+NC&rft.date=October+2003&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2236%E2%80%939&rft_id=info:doi/10.1105%2Ftpc.151030&rft_id=info:pmid/14523245&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plantcell.org%2Fcgi%2Fpmidlookup%3Fview%3Dlong%26pmid%3D14523245&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Heterosis"><span style="display: none"> </span></span></li> <li>Roybal, J. (July 1, 1998) “<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://beefmagazine.com/mag/beef_ranchstar/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Ranchstar</font></a>” beefmagazine.com</li> <li><a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/CGP/Sex-links/BRKSexLink.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Sex-Links</font></a></li> <li>Winfridus Bakker (2006) “<a class="external text" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cobb-vantress.com/Publications/documents/Cobb_Focus_Two_2006.pdf" rel="nofollow"><font color="#3366bb">Enhanced Hybrid Vigor Benefits Breeder and Broiler</font></a>” Cobb Focus Issue 2, 2006.</li>
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