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<p><strong>Chromosome 16</strong> is one of the 23 pairs of <font color="#000080">chromosomes</font> in <font color="#000080">humans</font>. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 90 million <font color="#000080">base pairs</font> (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3 % of the total DNA in <font color="#000080">cells</font>.</p>
<p>Identifying <font color="#000080">genes</font> on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 16 probably contains between 850 and 1,200 genes.</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Genes</span></h2>
<p>The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 16:</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000080">ABCC6</font>: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6 </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CCL17</font>: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (scya17) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CCL22</font>: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (scya22) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CX3CL1</font>: chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (scyd1) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CREBBP</font>: CREB binding protein (Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">COQ7</font>: ubiquitin biosynthesis </li>
<li><font color="#000080">GAN</font>: giant axonal neuropathy (gigaxonin) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">LITAF</font>: lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor </li>
<li><font color="#000080">MEFV</font>: Mediterranean fever </li>
<li><font color="#000080">PKD1</font>: polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">TAT</font>: tyrosine aminotransferase </li>
<li><font color="#000080">TSC2</font>: tuberous sclerosis 2 </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CARD15</font> : NOD2/NOD-like receptor C2 (NLRC2) </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Diseases & disorders</span></h2>
<p>The following diseases and are some of those related to genes on chromosome 16:</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000080">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">familial Mediterranean fever</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">giant axonal neuropathy</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">polycystic kidney disease</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">pseudoxanthoma elasticum</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">tuberous sclerosis</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">tyrosinemia</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Inflammatory bowel disease</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Crohn's Disease</font> </li>
</ul>
<p>The Following disorders are related to chromosome 16</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000080">Autism</font> </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16". <em>Genet Test</em> <strong>3</strong> (2): 243–54. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464676" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464676"><font color="#000080">PMID 10464676</font></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Disease+genes+and+chromosomes%3A+disease+maps+of+the+human+genome.+Chromosome+16&rft.jtitle=Genet+Test&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.au=Gilbert+F&rft.pages=243%E2%80%9354&rft_id=info:pmid/10464676"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span> </li>
<li><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA (2004). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16". <em>Nature</em> <strong>432</strong> (7020): 988–94. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"><font color="#000080">doi</font></a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03187" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03187" rel="nofollow"><font color="#000080">10.1038/nature03187</font></a></span>. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616553" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616553"><font color="#000080">PMID 15616553</font></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+sequence+and+analysis+of+duplication-rich+human+chromosome+16&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=432&rft.issue=7020&rft.au=Martin+J%2C+Han+C%2C+Gordon+LA%2C+Terry+A%2C+Prabhakar+S%2C+She+X%2C+Xie+G%2C+Hellsten+U%2C+Chan+YM%2C+Altherr+M%2C+Couronne+O%2C+Aerts+A%2C+Bajorek+E%2C+Black+S%2C+Blumer+H%2C+Branscomb+E%2C+Brown+NC%2C+Bruno+WJ%2C+Buckingham+JM%2C+Callen+DF%2C+Campbell+CS%2C+Campbell+ML%2C+Campbell+EW%2C+Caoile+C%2C+Challacombe+JF%2C+Chasteen+LA%2C+Chertkov+O%2C+Chi+HC%2C+Christensen+M%2C+Clark+LM%2C+Cohn+JD%2C+Denys+M%2C+Detter+JC%2C+Dickson+M%2C+Dimitrijevic-Bussod+M%2C+Escobar+J%2C+Fawcett+JJ%2C+Flowers+D%2C+Fotopulos+D%2C+Glavina+T%2C+Gomez+M%2C+Gonzales+E%2C+Goodstein+D%2C+Goodwin+LA%2C+Grady+DL%2C+Grigoriev+I%2C+Groza+M%2C+Hammon+N%2C+Hawkins+T%2C+Haydu+L%2C+Hildebrand+CE%2C+Huang+W%2C+Israni+S%2C+Jett+J%2C+Jewett+PB%2C+Kadner+K%2C+Kimball+H%2C+Kobayashi+A%2C+Krawczyk+MC%2C+Leyba+T%2C+Longmire+JL%2C+Lopez+F%2C+Lou+Y%2C+Lowry+S%2C+Ludeman+T%2C+Manohar+CF%2C+Mark+GA%2C+McMurray+KL%2C+Meincke+LJ%2C+Morgan+J%2C+Moyzis+RK%2C+Mundt+MO%2C+Munk+AC%2C+Nandkeshwar+RD%2C+Pitluck+S%2C+Pollard+M%2C+Predki+P%2C+Parson-Quintana+B%2C+Ramirez+L%2C+Rash+S%2C+Retterer+J%2C+Ricke+DO%2C+Robinson+DL%2C+Rodriguez+A%2C+Salamov+A%2C+Saunders+EH%2C+Scott+D%2C+Shough+T%2C+Stallings+RL%2C+Stalvey+M%2C+Sutherland+RD%2C+Tapia+R%2C+Tesmer+JG%2C+Thayer+N%2C+Thompson+LS%2C+Tice+H%2C+Torney+DC%2C+Tran-Gyamfi+M%2C+Tsai+M%2C+Ulanovsky+LE%2C+Ustaszewska+A%2C+Vo+N%2C+White+PS%2C+Williams+AL%2C+Wills+PL%2C+Wu+JR%2C+Wu+K%2C+Yang+J%2C+Dejong+P%2C+Bruce+D%2C+Doggett+NA%2C+Deaven+L%2C+Schmutz+J%2C+Grimwood+J%2C+Richardson+P%2C+Rokhsar+DS%2C+Eichler+EE%2C+Gilna+P%2C+Lucas+SM%2C+Myers+RM%2C+Rubin+EM%2C+Pennacchio+LA&rft.pages=988%E2%80%9394&rft_id=info:pmid/15616553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature03187"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span> </li>
</ul>
<p>Identifying <font color="#000080">genes</font> on each chromosome is an active area of genetic research. Because researchers use different approaches to predict the number of genes on each chromosome, the estimated number of genes varies. Chromosome 16 probably contains between 850 and 1,200 genes.</p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Genes</span></h2>
<p>The following are some of the genes located on chromosome 16:</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000080">ABCC6</font>: ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C (CFTR/MRP), member 6 </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CCL17</font>: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (scya17) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CCL22</font>: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 (scya22) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CX3CL1</font>: chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (scyd1) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CREBBP</font>: CREB binding protein (Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">COQ7</font>: ubiquitin biosynthesis </li>
<li><font color="#000080">GAN</font>: giant axonal neuropathy (gigaxonin) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">LITAF</font>: lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor </li>
<li><font color="#000080">MEFV</font>: Mediterranean fever </li>
<li><font color="#000080">PKD1</font>: polycystic kidney disease 1 (autosomal dominant) </li>
<li><font color="#000080">TAT</font>: tyrosine aminotransferase </li>
<li><font color="#000080">TSC2</font>: tuberous sclerosis 2 </li>
<li><font color="#000080">CARD15</font> : NOD2/NOD-like receptor C2 (NLRC2) </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Diseases & disorders</span></h2>
<p>The following diseases and are some of those related to genes on chromosome 16:</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000080">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">familial Mediterranean fever</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">giant axonal neuropathy</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">polycystic kidney disease</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">pseudoxanthoma elasticum</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">tuberous sclerosis</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">tyrosinemia</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Inflammatory bowel disease</font> </li>
<li><font color="#000080">Crohn's Disease</font> </li>
</ul>
<p>The Following disorders are related to chromosome 16</p>
<ul>
<li><font color="#000080">Autism</font> </li>
</ul>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16". <em>Genet Test</em> <strong>3</strong> (2): 243–54. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464676" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10464676"><font color="#000080">PMID 10464676</font></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Disease+genes+and+chromosomes%3A+disease+maps+of+the+human+genome.+Chromosome+16&rft.jtitle=Genet+Test&rft.date=1999&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.au=Gilbert+F&rft.pages=243%E2%80%9354&rft_id=info:pmid/10464676"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span> </li>
<li><cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA (2004). "The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16". <em>Nature</em> <strong>432</strong> (7020): 988–94. <a title="Digital object identifier" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier"><font color="#000080">doi</font></a>:<span class="neverexpand"><a class="external text" title="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03187" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03187" rel="nofollow"><font color="#000080">10.1038/nature03187</font></a></span>. <a class="external" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616553" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616553"><font color="#000080">PMID 15616553</font></a>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+sequence+and+analysis+of+duplication-rich+human+chromosome+16&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.date=2004&rft.volume=432&rft.issue=7020&rft.au=Martin+J%2C+Han+C%2C+Gordon+LA%2C+Terry+A%2C+Prabhakar+S%2C+She+X%2C+Xie+G%2C+Hellsten+U%2C+Chan+YM%2C+Altherr+M%2C+Couronne+O%2C+Aerts+A%2C+Bajorek+E%2C+Black+S%2C+Blumer+H%2C+Branscomb+E%2C+Brown+NC%2C+Bruno+WJ%2C+Buckingham+JM%2C+Callen+DF%2C+Campbell+CS%2C+Campbell+ML%2C+Campbell+EW%2C+Caoile+C%2C+Challacombe+JF%2C+Chasteen+LA%2C+Chertkov+O%2C+Chi+HC%2C+Christensen+M%2C+Clark+LM%2C+Cohn+JD%2C+Denys+M%2C+Detter+JC%2C+Dickson+M%2C+Dimitrijevic-Bussod+M%2C+Escobar+J%2C+Fawcett+JJ%2C+Flowers+D%2C+Fotopulos+D%2C+Glavina+T%2C+Gomez+M%2C+Gonzales+E%2C+Goodstein+D%2C+Goodwin+LA%2C+Grady+DL%2C+Grigoriev+I%2C+Groza+M%2C+Hammon+N%2C+Hawkins+T%2C+Haydu+L%2C+Hildebrand+CE%2C+Huang+W%2C+Israni+S%2C+Jett+J%2C+Jewett+PB%2C+Kadner+K%2C+Kimball+H%2C+Kobayashi+A%2C+Krawczyk+MC%2C+Leyba+T%2C+Longmire+JL%2C+Lopez+F%2C+Lou+Y%2C+Lowry+S%2C+Ludeman+T%2C+Manohar+CF%2C+Mark+GA%2C+McMurray+KL%2C+Meincke+LJ%2C+Morgan+J%2C+Moyzis+RK%2C+Mundt+MO%2C+Munk+AC%2C+Nandkeshwar+RD%2C+Pitluck+S%2C+Pollard+M%2C+Predki+P%2C+Parson-Quintana+B%2C+Ramirez+L%2C+Rash+S%2C+Retterer+J%2C+Ricke+DO%2C+Robinson+DL%2C+Rodriguez+A%2C+Salamov+A%2C+Saunders+EH%2C+Scott+D%2C+Shough+T%2C+Stallings+RL%2C+Stalvey+M%2C+Sutherland+RD%2C+Tapia+R%2C+Tesmer+JG%2C+Thayer+N%2C+Thompson+LS%2C+Tice+H%2C+Torney+DC%2C+Tran-Gyamfi+M%2C+Tsai+M%2C+Ulanovsky+LE%2C+Ustaszewska+A%2C+Vo+N%2C+White+PS%2C+Williams+AL%2C+Wills+PL%2C+Wu+JR%2C+Wu+K%2C+Yang+J%2C+Dejong+P%2C+Bruce+D%2C+Doggett+NA%2C+Deaven+L%2C+Schmutz+J%2C+Grimwood+J%2C+Richardson+P%2C+Rokhsar+DS%2C+Eichler+EE%2C+Gilna+P%2C+Lucas+SM%2C+Myers+RM%2C+Rubin+EM%2C+Pennacchio+LA&rft.pages=988%E2%80%9394&rft_id=info:pmid/15616553&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature03187"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span> </li>
</ul>
