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<p><font color="#000000">The <strong>phi X 174</strong> (or <strong>phi X</strong>) bacteriophage was the first organism to have its DNA-based <font color="#810081">genome</font> sequenced, by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0">[1]</sup> In 1962, Walter Fiers had already demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of phi X 174 DNA.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1">[2]</sup></font></p><p><font color="#000000">This phage has a very small amount of DNA. It has 11 genes in 5386 bases (it is single stranded) in a circular topology. Several of them expressing similar function in two groups. The GC-content is 44% and 95% of nucleotides are coding genes.</font></p>
<p>In 2003 it was reported that the whole genome of phi X 174 had been assembled synthetically from scratch.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2">[3]</sup></p>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">References</span></h2>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-0"><strong>^</strong> Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M., "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA", <em>Nature</em>. <strong>1977 </strong> Feb 24;265(5596):687-95 </li> <li id="cite_note-1"><strong>^</strong> Fiers, W., and R. L. Sinsheimer, "The structure of the DNA of bacteriophage PhiX 174. III. Ultracentrifuge evidence for a ring structure", <em>J. Mol. Biol.</em> <strong>5:</strong>424-434, <strong>1962 </strong> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><strong>^</strong> <cite style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Smith, Hamilton O.; Clyde A. Hutchison, Cynthia Pfannkoch, J. Craig Venter (2003-12-23). "Generating a synthetic genome by whole genome assembly: {phi}X174 bacteriophage from synthetic oligonucleotides". <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> <strong>100</strong> (26): 15440-15445. doi:<span class="neverexpand">10.1073/pnas.2237126100</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved on <strong>2007</strong>-10-08.</span></cite><span class="reference-accessdate"><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Generating+a+synthetic+genome+by+whole+genome+assembly%3A+%7Bphi%7DX174+bacteriophage+from+synthetic+oligonucleotides&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2003-12-23&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=26&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Hamilton+O.&rft.pages=15440-15445&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073%2Fpnas.2237126100&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcgi%2Fcontent%2Fabstract%2F100%2F26%2F15440"><span style="DISPLAY: none"> </span></span></span> </li>
</ol>
<p> </p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.fermentas.com/techinfo/nucleicacids/mapfx174.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.fermentas.com/techinfo/nucleicacids/mapfx174.htm" rel="nofollow">Description & Restriction Map: PhiX174 DNA</a> </li>
</ul>
<div classp><br /><strong><font size="boilerplate metadata5" id>Phi X 174 Genome sequence</font></strong></p><font face="stubCourier New"> 1 gagttttatc gcttccatga cgcagaagtt aacactttcg gatatttctg atgagtcgaa<br /> 61 aaattatctt gataaagcag gaattactac tgcttgttta cgaattaaat cgaagtggac<br /> 121 tgctggcgga aaatgagaaa attcgaccta tccttgcgca gctcgagaag ctcttacttt<br /> 181 gcgacctttc gccatcaact aacgattctg tcaaaaactg acgcgttgga tgaggagaag<br /> 241 tggcttaata tgcttggcac gttcgtcaag gactggttta gatatgagtc acattttgtt<br /> 301 catggtagag attctcttgt tgacatttta aaagagcgtg gattactatc tgagtccgat<br /> 361 gctgttcaac cactaatagg taagaaatca tgagtcaagt tactgaacaa tccgtacgtt<br /> 421 tccagaccgc tttggcctct attaagctca ttcaggcttc tgccgttttg gatttaaccg<br /> 481 aagatgattt cgattttctg acgagtaaca aagtttggat tgctactgac cgctctcgtg<br /> 541 ctcgtcgctg cgttgaggct tgcgtttatg gtacgctgga ctttgtggga taccctcgct<br /> 601 ttcctgctcc tgttgagttt attgctgccg tcattgctta ttatgttcat cccgtcaaca<br /> 661 ttcaaacggc ctgtctcatc atggaaggcg ctgaatttac ggaaaacatt attaatggcg<br /> 721 tcgagcgtcc ggttaaagcc gctgaattgt tcgcgtttac cttgcgtgta cgcgcaggaa<br /> 781 acactgacgt tcttactgac gcagaagaaa acgtgcgtca aaaattacgt gcggaaggag<br /> 841 tgatgtaatg tctaaaggta aaaaacgttc tggcgctcgc cctggtcgtc cgcagccgtt<br /> 901 gcgaggtact aaaggcaagc gtaaaggcgc tcgtctttgg tatgtaggtg gtcaacaatt<br /> 961 ttaattgcag gggcttcggc cccttacttg aggataaatt atgtctaata ttcaaactgg<br /> 1021 cgccgagcgt atgccgcatg acctttccca tcttggcttc cttgctggtc agattggtcg<br /> 1081 tcttattacc atttcaacta ctccggttat cgctggcgac tccttcgaga tggacgccgt<br /> 1141 tggcgctctc cgtctttctc cattgcgtcg tggccttgct attgactcta ctgtagacat<br /> 1201 ttttactttt tatgtccctc atcgtcacgt ttatggtgaa cagtggatta agttcatgaa<br /> 1261 ggatggtgtt aatgccactc ctctcccgac tgttaacact actggttata ttgaccatgc<br /> 1321 cgcttttctt ggcacgatta accctgatac caataaaatc cctaagcatt tgtttcaggg<br /> 1381 ttatttgaat atctataaca actattttaa agcgccgtgg atgcctgacc gtaccgaggc<br /> 1441 taaccctaat gagcttaatc aagatgatgc tcgttatggt ttccgttgct gccatctcaa<br /> 1501 aaacatttgg actgctccgc ttcctcctga gactgagctt tctcgccaaa tgacgacttc<br /> 1561 taccacatct attgacatta tgggtctgca agctgcttat gctaatttgc atactgacca<br /> 1621 agaacgtgat tacttcatgc agcgttacca tgatgttatt tcttcatttg gaggtaaaac<br /> 1681 ctcttatgac gctgacaacc gtcctttact tgtcatgcgc tctaatctct gggcatctgg<br /> 1741 ctatgatgtt gatggaactg accaaacgtc gttaggccag ttttctggtc gtgttcaaca<br /> 1801 gacctataaa cattctgtgc cgcgtttctt tgttcctgag catggcacta tgtttactct<br /> 1861 tgcgcttgtt cgttttccgc ctactgcgac taaagagatt cagtacctta acgctaaagg<br /> 1921 tgctttgact tataccgata ttgctggcga ccctgttttg tatggcaact tgccgccgcg<br /> 1981 tgaaatttct atgaaggatg ttttccgttc tggtgattcg tctaagaagt ttaagattgc<br /> 2041 tgagggtcag tggtatcgtt atgcgccttc gtatgtttct cctgcttatc accttcttga<br /> 2101 aggcttccca ttcattcagg aaccgccttc tggtgatttg caagaacgcg tacttattcg<br /> 2161 ccaccatgat tatgaccagt gtttccagtc cgttcagttg ttgcagtgga atagtcaggt<br /> 2221 taaatttaat gtgaccgttt atcgcaatct gccgaccact cgcgattcaa tcatgacttc<br /div> 2281 gtgataaaag attgagtgtg aggttataac gccgaagcgg taaaaatttt aatttttgcc<div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"br /> 2341 gctgaggggt tgaccaagcg aagcgcggta ggttttctgc ttaggagttt aatcatgttt<br /> 2401 cagactttta tttctcgcca taattcaaac tttttttctg ataagctggt tctcacttct<br /> 2461 gttactccag cttcttcggc acctgtttta cagacaccta aagctacatc gtcaacgtta<br /> 2521 tattttgata gtttgacggt taatgctggt aatggtggtt ttcttcattg cattcagatg<br /> 2581 gatacatctg tcaacgccgc taatcaggtt gtttctgttg gtgctgatat tgcttttgat<br /> 2641 gccgacccta aattttttgc ctgtttggtt cgctttgagt cttcttcggt tccgactacc<br /> 2701 ctcccgactg cctatgatgt ttatcctttg aatggtcgcc atgatggtgg ttattatacc<br /> 2761 gtcaaggact gtgtgactat tgacgtcctt ccccgtacgc cgggcaataa cgtttatgtt<br /> 2821 ggtttcatgg tttggtctaa ctttaccgct actaaatgcc gcggattggt ttcgctgaat<br /> 2881 caggttatta aagagattat ttgtctccag ccacttaagt gaggtgattt atgtttggtg<br /> 2941 ctattgctgg cggtattgct tctgctcttg ctggtggcgc catgtctaaa ttgtttggag<br /> 3001 gcggtcaaaa agccgcctcc ggtggcattc aaggtgatgt gcttgctacc gataacaata<br /> 3061 ctgtaggcat gggtgatgct ggtattaaat ctgccattca aggctctaat gttcctaacc<br /> 3121 ctgatgaggc cgcccctagt tttgtttctg gtgctatggc taaagctggt aaaggacttc<br /> 3181 ttgaaggtac gttgcaggct ggcacttctg ccgtttctga taagttgctt gatttggttg<br /> 3241 gacttggtgg caagtctgcc gctgataaag gaaaggatac tcgtgattat cttgctgctg<br /> 3301 catttcctga gcttaatgct tgggagcgtg ctggtgctga tgcttcctct gctggtatgg<br /> 3361 ttgacgccgg atttgagaat caaaaagagc ttactaaaat gcaactggac aatcagaaag<br /> 3421 agattgccga gatgcaaaat gagactcaaa aagagattgc tggcattcag tcggcgactt<br /> 3481 cacgccagaa tacgaaagac caggtatatg cacaaaatga gatgcttgct tatcaacaga<br /> 3541 aggagtctac tgctcgcgtt gcgtctatta tggaaaacac caatctttcc aagcaacagc<br /> 3601 aggtttccga gattatgcgc caaatgctta ctcaagctca aacggctggt cagtatttta<br /> 3661 ccaatgacca aatcaaagaa atgactcgca aggttagtgc tgaggttgac ttagttcatc<br /> 3721 agcaaacgca gaatcagcgg tatggctctt ctcatattgg cgctactgca aaggatattt<br /> 3781 ctaatgtcgt cactgatgct gcttctggtg tggttgatat ttttcatggt attgataaag<br /> 3841 ctgttgccga tacttggaac aatttctgga aagacggtaa agctgatggt attggctcta<br /> 3901 atttgtctag gaaataaccg tcaggattga caccctccca attgtatgtt ttcatgcctc<br /> 3961 caaatcttgg aggctttttt atggttcgtt cttattaccc ttctgaatgt cacgctgatt<br /> 4021 attttgactt tgagcgtatc gaggctctta aacctgctat tgaggcttgt ggcatttcta<br /> 4081 ctctttctca atccccaatg cttggcttcc ataagcagat ggataaccgc atcaagctct<br /> 4141 tggaagagat tctgtctttt cgtatgcagg gcgttgagtt cgataatggt gatatgtatg<br /> 4201 ttgacggcca taaggctgct tctgacgttc gtgatgagtt tgtatctgtt actgagaagt<br /> 4261 taatggatga attggcacaa tgctacaatg tgctccccca acttgatatt aataacacta<br /> 4321 tagaccaccg ccccgaaggg gacgaaaaat ggtttttaga gaacgagaag acggttacgc<br /> 4381 agttttgccg caagctggct gctgaacgcc ctcttaagga tattcgcgat gagtataatt<br /> 4441 accccaaaaa gaaaggtatt aaggatgagt gttcaagatt gctggaggcc tccactatga<br /> 4501 aatcgcgtag aggctttgct attcagcgtt tgatgaatgc aatgcgacag gctcatgctg<br /> 4561 atggttggtt tatcgttttt gacactctca cgttggctga cgaccgatta gaggcgtttt<br /> 4621 atgataatcc caatgctttg cgtgactatt ttcgtgatat tggtcgtatg gttcttgctg<br /> 4681 ccgagggtcg caaggctaat gattcacacg ccgactgcta tcagtatttt tgtgtgcctg<br /> 4741 agtatggtac agctaatggc cgtcttcatt tccatgcggt gcactttatg cggacacttc<br /div> 4801 ctacaggtag cgttgaccct aattttggtc gtcgggtacg caatcgccgc cagttaaata<!--br />NewPP limit report 4861 gcttgcaaaa tacgtggcct tatggttaca gtatgcccat cgcagttcgc tacacgcagg<br />Preprocessor node count: 1062 4921 acgctttttc acgttctggt tggttgtggc ctgttgatgc taaaggtgag ccgcttaaag<br /1000000>Post-expand include size: 7209 4981 ctaccagtta tatggctgtt ggtttctatg tggctaaata cgttaacaaa aagtcagata<br /2048000 bytes>Template argument size: 1836 5041 tggaccttgc tgctaaaggt ctaggagcta aagaatggaa caactcacta aaaaccaagc<br /> 5101 tgtcgctact tcccaagaag ctgttcagaa tcagaatgag ccgcaacttc gggatgaaaa<br /2048000 bytes>Expensive parser function count: 0 5161 tgctcacaat gacaaatctg tccacggagt gcttaatcca acttaccaag ctgggttacg<br /500>-- 5221 acgcgacgcc gttcaaccag atattgaagc agaacgcaaa aagagagatg agattgaggc<br /> 5281 tgggaaaagt tactgtagcc gacgttttgg cggcgcaacc tgtgacgaca aatctgctca<!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:idhash:2811649-0!1!0!default!!en!2 and timestamp 20080806174723 --br /> 5341 aatttatgcg cgcttcgata aaaatgattg gcgtatccaa cctgca<div class="printfooter"br /></divfont>