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<p>Persistent infection with a "high-risk" subset of sexually transmitted HPVs — different from the ones that cause warts — may lead to potentially precancerous lesions and can progress to invasive cancer. HPV infection is a necessary factor in the development of nearly all cases of cervical cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><font color="#800080">[1]</font></sup></p>
<p>A cervical Pap smear is used to detect cellular abnormalities. This allows targeted surgical removal of condylomatous and/or potentially precancerous lesions prior to the development of invasive cervical cancer. Although the widespread use of Pap testing has reduced the incidence and lethality of cervical cancer in developed countries, the disease still kills several hundred thousand women per year worldwide. HPV vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix, which block initial infection with some of the most common sexually transmitted HPV types may lead to further decreases in the incidence of HPV-induced cancer.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><font color="#800080">[2]</font></sup></p>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline">Prevalence in the United States</span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline">Pap smear screening</span></h3>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 352px"><img class="thumbimage" height="224" alt="ThinPrep Pap smear with group of normal cervical cells on left and HPV-infected cells on right. The HPV-infected cells show features typical of koilocytes: enlarged (x2 or x3) nuclei and hyperchromasia." width="350" border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/ThinPrep_Pap_smear_HPV.jpeg/350px-ThinPrep_Pap_smear_HPV.jpeg" width="350" border="0" />
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<div class="magnify"><span class="" style="BORDER-TOP-WIDTH: 2px; DISPLAY: inline-block; BORDER-LEFT-WIDTH: 2px; FONT-SIZE: 0px; BORDER-LEFT-COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: none; BORDER-BOTTOM-WIDTH: 2px; BORDER-BOTTOM-COLOR: #0000ff; VERTICAL-ALIGN: middle; CURSOR: hand; BORDER-TOP-COLOR: #0000ff; BORDER-RIGHT-WIDTH: 2px; BORDER-RIGHT-COLOR: #0000ff"><span style="DISPLAY: inline-block; FILTER: progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.AlphaImageLoader(src='http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png'); WIDTH: 1px; HEIGHT: 1px"></span></span></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">External links</span></h2>
<ul>
<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5602.pdf" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5602.pdf" rel="nofollow">March 23, 2007</a> <a title="Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbidity_and_Mortality_Weekly_Report">Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report</a>, Vol. 56 / RR-2: Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine "Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)" </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/default.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/default.htm" rel="nofollow">HPV Fact sheets</a> from the <a title="Centers for Disease Control and Prevention" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.ashastd.org/hpv/hpv_learn_myths.cfm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ashastd.org/hpv/hpv_learn_myths.cfm" rel="nofollow">Myths and misconceptions about HPV</a> — <a title="American Social Health Association" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Social_Health_Association">American Social Health Association</a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/hpv/index.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.oralcancerfoundation.org/hpv/index.htm" rel="nofollow">HPV's links to oral cancers</a> peer reviewed information from The Oral Cancer Foundation </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.hpvsafety.com/hpv_virus_and_pregnancy.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.hpvsafety.com/hpv_virus_and_pregnancy.html" rel="nofollow">HPV and pregnancy</a> Answers for those pregnant with HPV </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/308/index.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/308/index.html" rel="nofollow">NOW on PBS: "Vaccine Debate"</a> — The political controversy over requiring HPV vaccinations for girls. </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://thedaily.washington.edu/article/2007/8/8/hpvIsAtYourFingertips" rel="nofollow" href="http://thedaily.washington.edu/article/2007/8/8/hpvIsAtYourFingertips" rel="nofollow">HPV found under the fingernails of young men</a> The Daily, University of Washington </li>
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