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<p><strong>Gregor Johann Mendel</strong> (<a title="July 20" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20"><font color="#0066cc">July 20</font></a>, <a title="1822" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1822"><font color="#0066cc">1822</font></a><sup class="reference" id="_ref-0"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_note-0"><font color="#0066cc">[1]</font></a></sup> &ndash; <a title="January 6" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_6"><font color="#0066cc">January 6</font></a>, <a title="1884" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1884"><font color="#0066cc">1884</font></a>) was a <a title="Moravia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravia"><font color="#0066cc">Moravian</font></a><sup class="reference" id="_ref-1"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_note-1"><font color="#0066cc">[2]</font></a></sup> <a title="Augustinian" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustinian"><font color="#0066cc">Augustinian</font></a> priest and scientist often called the &quot;father of modern <a title="Genetics" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics"><font color="#0066cc">genetics</font></a>&quot; for his study of the <a title="Biological inheritance" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_inheritance"><font color="#0066cc">inheritance</font></a> of <a title="Trait (biological)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_%28biological%29"><font color="#0066cc">traits</font></a> in <a title="Pea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea"><font color="#0066cc">pea</font></a> plants. Mendel showed that the inheritance of traits follows particular <a title="Mendelian inheritance" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance"><font color="#0066cc">laws</font></a>, which were later named after him. The significance of Mendel's work was not recognised until the turn of the <a title="20th century" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_century"><font color="#0066cc">20th century</font></a>. Its rediscovery prompted the foundation of genetics.</p>
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<p><a id="Biography" name="Biography"></a></p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">Biography</span></h2>
<p>Gregor Mendel, who is known as the &quot;father of modern genetics&quot;, was inspired by both his professors at university and his colleagues at the monastery to study variation in plants, and he conducted his study in the monastery's garden. Between 1856 and 1863 Mendel cultivated and tested some 29,000 <a title="Pea" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pea"><font color="#0066cc">pea</font></a> plants. This study showed that one in four pea plants had <a title="Purebred" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purebred"><font color="#0066cc">purebred</font></a> <a title="Recessive" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recessive"><font color="#0066cc">recessive</font></a> <a title="Alleles" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleles"><font color="#0066cc">alleles</font></a>, two out of four were <a title="Hybrid" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid"><font color="#0066cc">hybrid</font></a> and one out of four were purebred <a title="Dominant" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant"><font color="#0066cc">dominant</font></a>. His experiments brought forth two generalisations which later became known as <a title="Mendelian inheritance" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendelian_inheritance"><font color="#0066cc">Mendel's Laws of Inheritance</font></a>.</p>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><a class="internal" title="Johann- memorial plaque in Olomouc." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gregor-Johann-Mendel-memorial-plaque.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="331" alt="Johann- memorial plaque in Olomouc." width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Gregor-Johann-Mendel-memorial-plaque.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gregor-Johann-Mendel-memorial-plaque.jpg/180px-Gregor-Johann-Mendel-memorial-plaque.jpg" width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Gregor-Johann-Mendel-memorial-plaque.jpg" /></a>
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Johann- memorial plaque in Olomouc.</div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline">Rediscovery of Mendel's work</span></h2>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><a class="internal" title="Dominant and recessive phenotypes. (1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Mendelian_inheritance_3_1.png"><img class="thumbimage" height="223" alt="Dominant and recessive phenotypes. (1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation." width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Mendelian_inheritance_3_1.png" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mendelian_inheritance_3_1.png/180px-Mendelian_inheritance_3_1.png" width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Mendelian_inheritance_3_1.png" /></a>
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Dominant and recessive phenotypes. (1) Parental generation. (2) F1 generation. (3) F2 generation.</div>
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<h2><span class="mw-headline">Mendel, Darwin and Galton</span></h2>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><a class="internal" title="Bust of Mendel at Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gregor_Johann_Mendel_bust.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="240" alt="Bust of Mendel at Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno, Czech Republic." width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Gregor_Johann_Mendel_bust.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Gregor_Johann_Mendel_bust.jpg/180px-Gregor_Johann_Mendel_bust.jpg" width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:Gregor_Johann_Mendel_bust.jpg" /></a>
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Bust of Mendel at <a title="Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel_University_of_Agriculture_and_Forestry_Brno"><font color="#0066cc">Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno</font></a>, <a title="Czech Republic" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic"><font color="#0066cc">Czech Republic</font></a>.</div>
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<li id="_note-0"><strong><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_ref-0"><font color="#0066cc">^</font></a></strong> <a title="July 20" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_20"><font color="#0066cc">July 20</font></a> is his birthday; often mentioned is <a title="July 22" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_22"><font color="#0066cc">July 22</font></a>, the date of his baptism. <a class="external autonumber" title="http://www.mendel-museum.org/eng/1online/room1.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mendel-museum.org/eng/1online/room1.htm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">[1]</font></a> Biography of Mendel at the Mendel Museum </li>
<li id="_note-1"><strong><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_ref-1"><font color="#0066cc">^</font></a></strong> <cite class="book" style="FONT-STYLE: normal">Henig, Robin Marantz (2000). <em>The Monk in the Garden&nbsp;: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics</em>. Houghton Mifflin. <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;isbn=0395977657"><font color="#0066cc">ISBN 0-395-97765-7</font></a>.&nbsp;&ldquo;The article, written by an obscure Moravian monk named Gregor Mendel...&rdquo;</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Monk+in+the+Garden+%3A+The+Lost+and+Found+Genius+of+Gregor+Mendel%2C+the+Father+of+Genetics&amp;rft.aulast=Henig&amp;rft.aufirst=Robin+Marantz&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&amp;rft.isbn=0-395-97765-7">&nbsp;</span> </li>
<li id="_note-2"><strong><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_ref-2"><font color="#0066cc">^</font></a></strong> Windle, B.C.A.; Translated Looby, John (1911). <a class="external text" title="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Mendel, Mendelism</font></a>. <em>Catholic Encyclopedia</em>. Retrieved on <a title="2007" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007"><font color="#0066cc">2007</font></a>-<a title="April 2" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2"><font color="#0066cc">04-02</font></a>. </li>
<li id="_note-3"><strong><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_ref-3"><font color="#0066cc">^</font></a></strong> Fisher, R. A. (1936). <em>Has Mendel's work been rediscovered?</em> Annals of Science <strong>1</strong>:115-137. </li>
<li id="_note-4"><strong><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendel#_ref-4"><font color="#0066cc">^</font></a></strong> Peter J. Bowler, <em>The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society</em>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. </li>
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<li><a class="new" title="Cheryl Bardoe" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cheryl_Bardoe&amp;action=edit"><font color="#0066cc">Cheryl Bardoe</font></a> <em>Gregor Mendel: The Friar who grew peas.</em>, HN Abrams, 2006. </li>
<li><a title="William Bateson" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bateson"><font color="#0066cc">William Bateson</font></a> <em>Mendel's Principles of Heredity, a Defense</em>, First Edition, London: Cambridge University Press, 1902. <a class="external text" title="http://www.esp.org/books/bateson/mendel/facsimile/title3.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.esp.org/books/bateson/mendel/facsimile/title3.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">On-line Facsimile Edition: Electronic Scholarly Publishing, Prepared by Robert Robbins</font></a> </li>
<li>Robin Marantz Henig, <em>Monk in the Garden: The Lost and Found Genius of Gregor Mendel, the Father of Genetics</em>, Houghton Mifflin, May, 2000, hardcover, 292 pages, <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;isbn=0395977657"><font color="#0066cc">ISBN 0-395-97765-7</font></a>; trade paperback, Houghton Mifflin, May, 2001, <a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Booksources&amp;isbn=0618127410"><font color="#0066cc">ISBN 0-618-12741-0</font></a> </li>
<li>Robert Lock, <em>Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity and Evolution</em>, London, 1906 </li>
<h2><span class="mw-headline">See also</span></h2>
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<div class="thumbinner" style="WIDTH: 182px"><a class="internal" title="The Augustinian Abbey of St Thomas, Brno." href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:StThomasAbbeyBrno.jpg"><img class="thumbimage" height="83" alt="The Augustinian Abbey of St Thomas, Brno." width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:StThomasAbbeyBrno.jpg" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/StThomasAbbeyBrno.jpg/180px-StThomasAbbeyBrno.jpg" width="180" longdesc="/wiki/Image:StThomasAbbeyBrno.jpg" /></a>
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The Augustinian Abbey of St Thomas, Brno.</div>
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<li><a class="external text" title="http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Mendelweb</font></a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mendelweb.org/Mendel.html" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Mendel's Paper in English</font></a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.mendel-museum.org/index.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.mendel-museum.org/index.htm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Mendel Museum of Genetics</font></a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10180b.htm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">1913 Catholic Encyclopedia entry, &quot;Mendel, Mendalism&quot;</font></a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=OMIM" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Online Mendelian Inheritence in Man</font></a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.opatbrno.cz/" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.opatbrno.cz/" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Augustinian Abbey of St. Thomas at Brno</font></a> </li> <li><a class="external text" title="http://www.weloennig.de/mendel.htm" rel="nofollow" href="http://www.weloennig.de/mendel.htm" rel="nofollow"><font color="#0066cc">Johann Gregor Mendel: Why his discoveries were ignored for 35 (72) years</font></a> </li>
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